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Sökning: WFRF:(Ali A)

  • Resultat 1151-1160 av 1301
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1151.
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1152.
  • Posse, Viktor, et al. (författare)
  • RNase H1 directs origin-specific initiation of DNA replication in human mitochondria
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Plos Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 15:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is first initiated at the origin of H-strand replication. The initiation depends on RNA primers generated by transcription from an upstream promoter (LSP). Here we reconstitute this process in vitro using purified transcription and replication factors. The majority of all transcription events from LSP are prematurely terminated after 120 nucleotides, forming stable R-loops. These nascent R-loops cannot directly prime mtDNA synthesis, but must first be processed by RNase H1 to generate 3-ends that can be used by DNA polymerase to initiate DNA synthesis. Our findings are consistent with recent studies of a knockout mouse model, which demonstrated that RNase H1 is required for R-loop processing and mtDNA maintenance in vivo. Both R-loop formation and DNA replication initiation are stimulated by the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein. In an RNase H1 deficient patient cell line, the precise initiation of mtDNA replication is lost and DNA synthesis is initiated from multiple sites throughout the mitochondrial control region. In combination with previously published in vivo data, the findings presented here suggest a model, in which R-loop processing by RNase H1 directs origin-specific initiation of DNA replication in human mitochondria. Author summary Human mitochondria contain a double-stranded DNA genome that codes for key components of the oxidative phosphorylation system. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated by a replication machinery distinct from that operating in the nucleus and mutations affecting individual replication factors have been associated with an array of rare, human diseases. In the present work, we demonstrate that RNase H1 directs origin-specific initiation of DNA replication in human mitochondria and that disease-causing mutations may impair this process. A unique feature of mtDNA replication is that primers required for initiation of leading-strand DNA replication are produced by the mitochondrial transcription machinery. A substantial fraction of all transcription events is prematurely terminated about 120 nucleotides downstream of the promoter and the RNA remains firmly associated with the genome, forming R-loops. Interestingly, the free 3-end of these R-loops cannot directly prime initiation of DNA synthesis, but must first be processed by RNase H1. The process is stimulated by the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein and faithfully reconstitutes replication events mapped in vivo. In combination with mapping of replication events in fibroblasts derived from patients with mutations in RNASEH1, our findings point to a possible model for replication initiation in human mitochondria similar to that previously described in the E. coli plasmid, ColE1.
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1153.
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1154.
  • Qazi, Sohaib A., et al. (författare)
  • A High-Resolution Reconfigurable Sigma-Delta Digital-to-Analog Converter for RF Pulse Transmission in MRI Scanners
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: 2017 IEEE NORDIC CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (NORCAS): NORCHIP AND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF SYSTEM-ON-CHIP (SOC). - : IEEE. - 9781538628447
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners Radio Frequency (RF) signals are important to accurately excite target tissues. RF signals depend on Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) output which depends on sequence numbers issued from control room. This paper presents a sigma-delta modulator (SDM), followed by a DAC architecture that can be reconfigured while an MRI scanner is operating and pipelining is not required. The reconfigurable SDM is implemented in a 65nm CMOS technology and operates at an oversampling ratio (OSR) of 64 times. The modulator clocks at 2 GHz frequency with a 1.2-V supply voltage. The modulator occupies an area of 2 9 x 3 2 sq.mu m and consumes 319.1 mW. The proposed SDM-DAC is well-suited for the RF transmitter in the MRI scanner. The reconfigurability feature allows to select different resolutions for various types of RF pulses and can thereby target specific tissues more accurately. (1)
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1155.
  • Radojcic, Maja R., et al. (författare)
  • Biomarker of extracellular matrix remodelling C1M and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 are related to synovitis and pain in end-stage knee osteoarthritis patients
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Pain. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 158:7, s. 1254-1263
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Little is known about local and systemic biomarkers in relation to synovitis and pain in end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We investigated the associations between the novel extracellular matrix biomarker, C1M, and local and systemic interleukin 6 (IL-6) with synovitis and pain. Serum C1M, plasma, and synovial fluid IL-6 (p-IL-6, sf-IL-6) were measured in 104 end-stage knee OA patients. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was used to semiquantitatively assess an 11-point synovitis score; painwas assessed by theWesternOntario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Neuropathic PainQuestionnaire (NPQ). Linear regression was used to investigate associations between biomarkers and synovitis, and biomarkers and pain while controlling for age, sex, and bodymass index. We also testedwhether associations between biomarkers and painwere confounded by synovitis. We found sf-IL-6 was associated with synovitis in the parapatellar subregion (B 5 0.006; 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.003-0.010), and no association between p-IL-6 and synovitis. We also observed an association betweenC1Mand synovitis in the periligamentous subregion (B50.013; 95% CI 0.003-0.023). Furthermore, sf-IL-6, but not p-IL-6, was significantly associated with pain, WOMAC(B50.022; 95% CI 0.004-0.040), andNPQ(B50.043; 95% CI 0.005-0.082). Therewas no association betweenC1MandWOMACpain, butwe did find an association between C1M and NPQ (B50.229; 95% CI 0.036-0.422). Lastly, synovitis explained both biomarker-NPQassociations, but not the biomarker-WOMAC association. These results suggest that C1M and IL-6 are associated with synovitis and pain, and synovitis is an important confounding variable when studying biomarkers and neuropathic features in OA patients.
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1156.
  • Rashid, Farhan Lafta, et al. (författare)
  • Advancements in Fresnel Lens Technology across Diverse Solar Energy Applications: A Comprehensive Review
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 17:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Concentration of solar energy may be obtained by reflection, refraction, or a combination of the two. The collectors of a reflection system are designed to concentrate the sun’s rays onto a photovoltaic cell or steam tube. Refractive lenses concentrate light by having it travel through the lens. The sun’s rays are partially reflected and then refracted via a hybrid technique. Hybrid focus techniques have the potential to maximize power output. Fresnel lenses are an efficient tool for concentrating solar energy, which may then be used in a variety of applications. Development of both imaging and non-imaging devices is occurring at this time. Larger acceptance angles, better concentration ratios with less volume and shorter focal length, greater optical efficiency, etc., are only some of the advantages of non-imaging systems over imaging ones. This study encompasses numerical, experimental, and numerical and experimental studies on the use of Fresnel lenses in various solar energy systems to present a comprehensive picture of current scientific achievements in this field. The framework, design criteria, progress, and difficulties are all dissected in detail. Accordingly, some recommendations for further studies are suggested.
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1157.
  • Rasool, Kashif, et al. (författare)
  • Comprehensive insights into sustainable conversion of agricultural and food waste into microbial protein for animal feed production
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology. - : Springer. - 1569-1705 .- 1572-9826. ; 22:2, s. 527-562
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The growing global population and higher living standards instantly demand the transition in the direction of a sustainable food system. A substantial section of means and agricultural lands are presently committed to protein-rich feed production to rear livestock for human consumption. Conversely, accelerated farming activities and the food industry have rendered a drastic increase in waste which impair the economic and environmental sustainability of the ecosystem. This situation emerges the need for developing an integrated technology for waste management and to improve sustainability footprints. Microbial protein (MP) production based on renewable electron and carbon sources has the potential as a substitute protein source. MP production for animal feed use is growing fast and is derived from bacteria, algae, and fungi including yeast. MP produced from all types of microbes is currently commercialized and in use. However, novel methods and processes are also under investigation to make MP production more economical and sustainable. Current research on MP has concentrated on the valorization of waste materials by using high protein content-containing microorganisms, which can then be used in animal feed. Using such kind of integrated approach, the agroindustry waste resources upcycling can contribute towards finding sustainable, cheaper, and environment-friendly protein sources. This review first describes the potential waste feedstock for MP production and summarizes the recent progress in the application of MP-producing microorganisms including fungus, yeast, bacteria, and phototrophic microbes. Bioprocesses, and production technology advances for MP production have been explored and discussed in detail. Finally, the MP application as animal feed, its challenges, and future perspectives in research have been evaluated.
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1158.
  • Rastegari, Ali, et al. (författare)
  • A Novel Convolutional Neural Network for Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783030646097 ; , s. 22-28
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article demonstrates the feasibility of the convolutional neural network (CNN) and pulse transit time (PTT)-based approach in estimating the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals were employed to calculate the PTT, which is the time delay between the R-wave peak Rof ECG, and specific points of the PPG waveforms. Then, the Blood pressure (BP), which is inversely related to PTT was estimated. A total of 22 patients with available ECG, PPG and SBP data were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC III) dataset to validate the proposed model. A window of five minutes of recoding was chosen for each patient. Duration of each cardiac cycle was around 0.6 s, centred at R-peaks and sampled at 125 Hz. A CNN-based model was developed with four convolutional layers. The results showed that the average root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.42 mmHg and 7.81 mmHg were achieved for SBP and DBP, respectively.
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1159.
  • Remberger, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • The CD34+ Cell Dose Matters in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Peripheral Blood Stem Cells from Sibling Donors
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Clinical Hematology International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2590-0048. ; 2:2, s. 74-81
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effect of CD34+ cell dose in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on overall survival (OS) and incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) has not been established and few studies have been performed. Our single center analysis included 189 patients with hematological malignancies who received peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts from sibling donors. Myeloablative conditioning was used in 88 cases and 101 received reduced intensity conditioning. The median CD34+ cell dose was 5.6 × 106/kg (0.6–17.0). In the multivariate analysis, a CD34 cell dose of 6–7 × 106/kg was associated with better OS and lower transplant-related mortality (TRM), while a dose of <5 × 106/kg led to increased relapse and reduced chronic GVHD (cGVHD). A high CD34 cell-dose (>6.5 × 106/kg) correlated with less acute GVHD (aGVHD) II–IV. We conclude that the CD34 cell dose has an impact on the outcome of HSCT from sibling donor PBSCs.
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1160.
  • Resende, Mafalda, et al. (författare)
  • Chondroitin sulphate A (CSA)-binding of single recombinant Duffy-binding-like domains is not restricted to Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 expressed by CSA-binding parasites
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7519 .- 1879-0135. ; 39:11, s. 1195-1204
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Individuals living in areas with high Plasmodium falciparum transmission acquire immunity to malaria over time and adults have a markedly reduced risk of contracting severe disease. However, pregnant women constitute an important exception. Pregnancy-associated malaria is a major cause of mother and offspring morbidity, such as severe maternal anaemia and low birth-weight, and is characterised by selective accumulation of parasite-infected erythrocytes (IE) in the placenta. A P. falciparum protein named VAR2CSA, which belongs to the large P. falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) family, enables the IE to bind chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) in the placenta. Knock-out studies have demonstrated the exclusive capacity of VAR2CSA to mediate IE binding to CSA, and it has been shown that four of the six Duffy-binding-like (DBL) domains of VAR2CSA have the ability to bind CSA in vitro. In this study, we confirm the CSA-binding of these DBL domains, however, the analysis of a number of DBL domains of a non-VAR2CSA origin shows that CSA-binding is not exclusively restricted to VAR2CSA DBL domains. Furthermore, we show that the VAR2CSA DBL domains as well as other DBL domains also bind heparan sulphate. These data explain a number of publications describing CSA-binding domains derived from PfEMP1 antigens not involved in placental adhesion. The data suggest that the ability of single domains to bind CSA does not predict the functional capacity of the whole PfEMP1 and raises doubt whether the CSA-binding domains of native VAR2CSA have been correctly identified. (C) 2009 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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