| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bråred Christensson, Johanna, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Air-oxidized linalool: a frequent cause of fragrance contact allergy.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 67:5, s. 247-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Linalool is a common fragrance terpene that, in pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, linalool autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. In a Swedish study, oxidized linalool 6.0% in petrolatum (pet.) gave 5% positive patch test reactions in 2500 dermatitis patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized linalool 6%, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, the linalool hydroperoxides (Lin-OOHs) in pet., could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized linalool 6.0% (Lin-OOHs 1%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and Australia. Results. Overall, 6.9% (range 3–13%) of the patients showed positive patch test reactions to oxidized linalool. Doubtful reactions were found in 9.2% of the patients (range 0–36%). Few irritant reactions were seen. Conclusions. In an international setting, oxidized linalool has been shown to be a common allergen. Oxidized linalool 6.0% (Lin-OOHs 1%) pet. is a useful, standardized and stable tool for the detection of contact allergy in dermatitis patients. Many patients showing positive patch test reactions to oxidized linalool would not have been informed of their fragrance allergy if this specific test had not been performed
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bråred Christensson, Johanna, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Positive patch test reactions to oxidized limonene: exposure and relevance
- 2014
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 71:5, s. 264-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. R-Limonene is a common fragrance terpene found in domestic and industrial products. R-Limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. In a recent multicentre study, 5.2% (range 2.3-12.1%) of 2900 patients showed a positive patch test reaction to oxidized R-limonene. Objective. To study the exposure to limonene among consecutive dermatitis patients reacting to oxidized R-limonene in an international setting, and to assess the relevance of the exposure for the patients' dermatitis. Methods. Oxidized R-limonene 3.0% (containing limonene hydroperoxides at 0.33%) in petrolatum was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Australia, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, and Sweden. A questionnaire assessing exposure to limonene-containing products was completed. Results. Overall, exposure to products containing limonene was found and assessed as being probably relevant for the patients' dermatitis in 36% of the limonene-allergic patients. In Barcelona and Copenhagen, >70% of the patients were judged to have had an exposure to limonene assessed as relevant. Conclusions. Oxidized R-limonene is a common fragrance allergen, and limonene was frequently found in the labelling on the patients' products, and assessed as relevant for the patients' dermatitis. A large number of domestic and occupational sources for contact with R-limonene were identified.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Engfeldt, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Multicenter patch testing with methylchloroisothizoline/methylisothiazolinone in 100 and 200 ppm within the international contact dermatitis research group
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 28:3, s. 215-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is a well-known contact sensitizer. Historically, there have been different opinions on the optimal patch test concentration of MCI/MI, and both 0.01% and 0.02% aqueous (aq.) have been proposed. In 2011, based on literature reviews, it was recommended that the concentration of 0.02% aq. should be used in the international baseline series. Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify the recommendation from 2011 by comparing the patch test results from consecutive patch testing with MCI/MI 0.01% and 0.02% in clinics representing countries around the world. Patients and Methods: Two thousand seven hundred three consecutive patients with dermatitis in 8 dermatology clinics representing 8 countries were patch tested with MCI/MI 0.01% aq. and, in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02% aq., provisionally included in the baseline series. Results: Contact allergy to MCI/MI at 0.01% and 0.02% was found in 3.7% and 5.6% of the patients, respectively (P G 0.001). Conclusions: Methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI 0.02% aq. (dose, 6 Kg/cm2) diagnoses significantly more contact allergy than 0.01% (dose, 3 Kg/cm2), without resulting in more adverse reactions.Methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI at 0.02% aq. should therefore be continuously used in the international baseline series.
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| 17. |
- Gonçalo, Margarida, et al.
(författare)
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Allergic contact dermatitis caused by nail acrylates in Europe. An EECDRG study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 78:4, s. 254-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by nail acrylates, also including methacrylates and cyanoacrylates here, is being increasingly reported. Methods: A retrospective study in 11 European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG) clinics collected information on cases of ACD caused by nail acrylates diagnosed by aimed testing between 2013 and 2015. Results: Among 18 228 studied patients, 136 had ACD caused by nail acrylates (0.75%; 95%CI: 0.60–0.90), representing 67.3% (95%CI: 60.4–73.7) of ACD cases caused by acrylates. There were 135 females and 1 male, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 36.7 ± 12.2 years; 59 (43.4%) were exposed as consumers, and 77 (56.6%) were occupationally exposed. Occupational cases were more frequent in southern Europe (83.7%), and were younger (mean age of 33.4 ± 8.9 years); most developed ACD during the first year at work (65.0%), and at least 11.7% had to leave their jobs. Skin lesions involved the hands in 121 patients (88.9%) and the face in 50 (36.8%), with the face being the only affected site in 14 (10.3%). Most patients reacted to two or more acrylates on patch testing, mainly to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (92.5%), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (88.6%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (69.2%), and ethyl cyanoacrylate (9.9%). Conclusions: Nail cosmetics were responsible for the majority of ACD cases caused by acrylates, affecting nail beauticians and consumers, and therefore calling for stricter regulation and preventive measures. As HEMA detects most cases, and isolated facial lesions may be overlooked, inclusion of this allergen in the baseline series may be warranted.
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| 18. |
- Hamann, Dathan, et al.
(författare)
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Excipient and Dose per Unit Area Affect Sensitivity When Patch Testing with Gold Sodium Thiosulfate
- 2018
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Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 29:5, s. 258-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Dose/area and reading paradigms for gold patch testing are controversial and not standardized worldwide. Objectives The aims of this study were to determine the optimum patch test dose of gold sodium thiosulfate (GST) in a hydrogel (HYD) and to establish GST HYD safety/efficacy and further characterize normal morphology and time course of GST reactions. Methods Twenty gold-allergic patients were patch tested with a dilution series of GST HYD and with GST 2% petrolatum (pet). Furthermore, this previously determined optimal dose was compared with GST 0.5% pet in 19 known-allergic and 216 consecutive subjects. Results The optimal GST HYD dose was 0.075 mg/cm2, not statistically different from GST 2% pet (P = 0.4795). Gold sodium thiosulfate HYD outperformed GST 0.5% pet in both known-allergic subjects (79% vs 63%, P = 0.2482) and consecutive subjects (30% vs 9%, P < 0.0001). Late reactions were common in consecutive patients with both HYD and pet. Significantly more persistent reactions were associated with GST HYD than with GST 0.5% pet. Conclusions Gold sodium thiosulfate HYD 0.075 mg/cm2 is the optimal dose for diagnosis of gold contact allergy with GST. Gold sodium thiosulfate 0.5% pet yielded false-negatives in some patients, suggesting inadequate dose per centimeter squared. Late reads are normal, expected, and necessary for diagnosis of gold contact allergy in this cohort.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hjalgrim, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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HLA-A alleles and infectious mononucleosis suggest a critical role for cytotoxic T-cell response in EBV-related Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:14, s. 6400-6405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A proportion of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is believed to be causally related to infection with the ubiquitous lymphotropic EBV. The determining factors for development of EBV-related HL remain poorly understood, but likely involve immunological control of the viral infection. Accordingly, markers of the HLA class I region have been associated with risk of EBV-related HL. To study the host genetic component of EBV-related HL further, we investigated the lymphoma's association with HLA-A*01 and HLA-A*02 simultaneously in the setting of infectious mononucleosis (IM), a risk factor for EBV-related HL, in a case-series analysis including 278 EBV-related and 656 EBV-unrelated cases of HL. By logistic regression, HLA-A*01 alleles [odds ratio (OR) per allele, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.60-2.88] were associated with increased and HLA-A*02 alleles (OR per allele, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.97) with decreased risk of EBV-related HL. These allele-specific associations corresponded to nearly 10-fold variation in risk of EBV-related HL between HLA-A*01 and HLA-A*02 homozygotes. History of IM was also associated with risk of EBV-related HL (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.74-6.66). The association between history of IM and EBV-related HL was not seen in the presence of HLA-A*02 because this allele appeared to neutralize the effect of IM on EBV-related HL risk. Our findings suggest that HLA class I-restricted EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses and events in the early immune response to EBV infection in IM play critical roles in the pathogenesis of EBV-related HL.
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