| 281. |
- Sedigh, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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Initial experience with hypothermic machine perfusion of kidneys from deceased donors in the uppsala region in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transplantation Proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-1345 .- 1873-2623. ; 45:3, s. 1168-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Simple cold storage (CS) is the gold standard for organ preservation. Recently, evidence has been presented suggesting compared with CS hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) improves the quality and outcome of kidneys for transplantation. Uppsala has used the LifePort Kidney Transporter to preserve deceased donor kidneys. We evaluated our first single-center 52 cases retrospectively.METHODS: Deceased donor kidneys preserved with HMP between July 2010 and July 2012 (n = 52) were compared with a matched historical cohort of organs preserved by CS between January 2009 and July 2012 (n = 87). We evaluated delayed graft function (DGF), creatinine level at hospital discharge, length of hospital stay, incidence of acute rejection episodes during the first year after transplantation, and graft survival.RESULTS: Both groups included approximately 69% expanded criteria donors (ECD). Median cold ischemia time (CIT) was 12.8 hours in the HMP group and 11.7 hours in the CS group. The incidence of DGF was 11.5% with HMP and 20.7% with CS. Compared with CS, HMP significantly reduced the occurrence of DGF from 21.4% to 0% using standard criteria kidneys (P = .046), whereas the use of HMP did not impact the occurrence of DGF with ECD kidneys. The creatinine level at hospital discharge was lower after HMP than after CS (P = .047). No difference in graft survival was observed between the groups.CONCLUSIONS: Machine perfusion resulted in a lower occurrence of DGF using kidneys from standard criteria donors with a lower creatinine at hospital discharge among the cohort with reasonably low CIT. Using machine perfusion seems to be safe; no adverse surgical events occurred during the study period.
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| 282. |
- Seubert, Janina, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and Correlates of Olfactory Dysfunction in Old Age : A Population-Based Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 72:8, s. 1072-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) in old age is associated with poor health outcomes. Interrelationships among different correlates of OD can offer insights into the underlying mechanisms, but to date remain understudied. Methods: Odor identification performance and self-reported olfactory functioning were studied in 2,234 people aged 60-90 years, who were free of neurodegenerative disease and enrolled in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) study, Stockholm, Sweden. OD was defined as the inability to identify more than 10 out of 16 odors (free or cued identification) in a standardized odor identification task. OD prevalence was estimated, and associations with demographic, genetic, vascular, clinical, and behavioral factors, as well as their interactions were examined using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Overall prevalence of OD was 24.8% (CI: 23.1; 26.6). Self-reports were characterized by low sensitivity (35%), but high specificity (87%). Advancing age (OR = 15.50, CI = 9.40; 26.10 between the first and last age group), and history of coronary heart disease (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.04; 1.75) were the principal factors associated with an increased probability of OD, whereas female gender (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.43; 0.66) and more years of education (OR = 0.97, CI 0.94; 0.99) were linked to a lower probability. Exploratory interaction analyses indicated that prevalence of OD was particularly elevated among Apolipropotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 allele carriers who were also obese, and that being physically active counteracted the negative impact of cerebrovascular disease on OD. Conclusion: Demographic and genetic factors, but also prior and current health insults, are linked to OD in old age. Modulatory effects of behavioral factors highlight their value as possible prevention targets.
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| 283. |
- Seubert, Janina, et al.
(författare)
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Temporolimbic cortical volume is associated with semantic odor memory performance in aging
- 2020
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Olfactory function, and specifically semantic olfactory memory (i.e., odor identification), has frequently been shown to predict cognitive functioning across multiple domains in old age. This observation suggests that olfactory function can serve as a marker for the integrity of temporolimbic cortical networks, but a clear delineation of this association is still missing. To address this issue, the present study employed voxel-based morphometry in a region of interest-based design to determine the extent to which gray matter volumes of core olfactory and memory areas are associated with olfactory memory performance in an aging population free from neurodegenerative disease. We further aimed to determine potential overlap in structural anatomical correlates, and differences in association strength, for semantic and episodic olfactory memory. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), episodic and semantic odor memory and episodic and semantic verbal memory data were collected in 422 participants from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), all aged >= 60 years. Controlling for age and education, semantic, but not episodic, olfactory memory was positively related to gray matter volume in a cluster extending from the anterior hippocampus and amygdala into the posterior piriform cortex. The observed associations remained even when verbal memory performance was controlled for, supporting a link between the olfactory memory domain and cortical volume over and above more generalized memory abilities. As such, our data provide evidence for distinct functionalstructural associations for semantic odor memory, supporting the idea of temporolimbic integrity as a neurobiological substrate linking olfactory function to cognitive health in old age.
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| 284. |
- Shing, Yee Lee, et al.
(författare)
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Neural activation patterns of successful episodic encoding : Reorganization during childhood, maintenance in old age
- 2016
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Ingår i: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-9293 .- 1878-9307. ; 20, s. 59-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two-component framework of episodic memory (EM) development posits that the contributions of medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) to successful encoding differ across the lifespan. To test the framework's hypotheses, we compared subsequent memory effects (SME) of 10-12 year-old children, younger adults, and older adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Memory was probed by cued recall, and SME were defined as regional activation differences during encoding between subsequently correctly recalled versus omitted items. In MTL areas, children's SME did not differ in magnitude from those of younger and older adults. In contrast, children's SME in PFC were weaker than the corresponding SME in younger and older adults, in line with the hypothesis that PFC contributes less to successful encoding in childhood. Differences in SME between younger and older adults were negligible. The present results suggest that, among individuals with high memory functioning, the neural circuitry contributing to successful episodic encoding is reorganized from middle childhood to adulthood. Successful episodic encoding in later adulthood, however, is characterized by the ability to maintain the activation patterns that emerged in young adulthood.
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| 285. |
- Small, B J, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive development in Alzheimer´s disease: Charting the decline process
- 1998
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Ingår i: Comprehensive clinical psychology: Clinical geropsychology. - : Oxford: Elsevier. ; , s. 231-245
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on cognitive functioning in Alzheimer´s disease is reviewed with regard to preclinical identification, early clinical detection, and staging. Methodological problems associated with research targeting these specific stages of the disease are addr
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| 286. |
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| 287. |
- Small, Brent J., et al.
(författare)
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Terminal Decline and Cognitive Performance in Very Old Age : Does Cause of Death Matter?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - Washington : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 18:2, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presents a study that examined cognitive decline in a population-based cohort of older adult, initially 75 to 95 years of age. Methodology; Baseline demographic characteristics and mini-mental state examination performance of surviving and deceased participants; Causes of death across sample and time of testing.
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| 288. |
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| 289. |
- Small, B J, et al.
(författare)
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Time to death and cognitive performance
- 1999
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Ingår i: Current Directions in Psychological Science. ; 8, s. 168-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research suggests that there is an accelerated cognitive decline in cognitive functioning that is related to proximity to death among older adults. Although there is mounting evidence for the presence of such terminal deficits, several issues remain unres
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| 290. |
- Speh, Andreja, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Health and Rate of Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Dementia : A 12-Year Population-Based Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology. - 0894-4105 .- 1931-1559. ; 38:3, s. 211-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We investigated whether vascular risk factors (VRFs), assessed with Life’s Simple 7 (LS7), are associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the years preceding a dementia diagnosis. Method: This study included 1,449 stroke-free participants aged ≥60 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, who underwent repeated neuropsychological testing (episodic memory, semantic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual speed) across 12 years. The LS7 score, assessed at baseline, included smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure. Preclinical dementia was defined as being dementia-free at baseline and diagnosed with dementia during follow-up. Level and change in cognitive performance as a function of LS7 category (poor vs. intermediate to optimal) and future dementia status were estimated using linear mixed-effect models. Results: Participants who later developed dementia had, on average, a poorer LS7 score compared to those who remained dementia-free. For individuals aged 60–72 years, poor diet was associated with accelerated decline in perceptual speed (β = −0.05, 95% CI [−0.08, −0.02]), and a poor glucose score was associated with faster rates of verbal fluency (β = −0.019, 95% CI [−0.09, −0.01]) and global cognitive (β = −0.028, 95% CI [−0.06, 0.00]) decline in the preclinical dementia group. Conclusions: VRFs exacerbate rate of cognitive decline in the years preceding a dementia diagnosis. This effect was most pronounced in young–old age and primarily driven by diet and glucose. The effect of VRFs may be especially detrimental for cognitive decline trajectories of individuals with impending dementia.
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