| 61. |
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| 62. |
- Feairheller, Deborah L, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise training, NADPH oxidase p22phox gene polymorphisms, and hypertension
- 2009
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 41:7, s. 1421-1428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress that is mediated through NADPH oxidase activity plays a role in the pathology of hypertension, and aerobic exercise training reduces NADPH oxidase activity. The involvement of genetic variation in the p22phox (CYBA) subunit genes in individual oxidative stress responses to aerobic exercise training has yet to be examined in Pre and Stage 1 hypertensives. METHODS: Ninety-four sedentary Pre and Stage 1 hypertensive adults underwent 6 months of aerobic exercise training at a level of 70% VO2max to determine whether the CYBA polymorphisms, C242T and A640G, were associated with changes in urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha), urinary nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC). RESULTS: Demographic and subject characteristics were similar among genotype groups for both polymorphisms. At baseline, a significant (P = 0.03) difference among the C2424T genotype groups in 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels was detected, with the TT homozygotes having the lowest levels and the CC homozygotes having the highest levels. However, no differences were found at baseline between the A640G genotype groups. After 6 months of aerobic exercise training, there was a significant increase in VO2max (P < 0.0001) in the entire study population. In addition, there were significant increases in both urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha (P = 0.002) and plasma TAC (P=0.03) levels and a significant decrease in endogenous urinary NOx (P < 0.0001). Overall, aerobic exercise training elicited no significant differences among genotype groups in either CYBA variant for any of the oxidative stress variables. CONCLUSIONS: We found that compared with CYBA polymorphisms C242T and A640G, it was aerobic exercise training that had the greatest influence on the selected biomarkers; furthermore, our results suggest that the C242T CYBA variant influences baseline levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha but not the aerobic exercise-induced responses.
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| 63. |
- Fenty-Stewart, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Independent and combined influence of AGTR1 variants and aerobic exercise on oxidative stress in hypertensives
- 2009
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 18:4, s. 204-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiotensin II (AngII), via the AngII type 1 receptor (AT(1)R), contributes to oxidative stress. Aerobic exercise training (AEXT) reduces the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, presumably by reducing the grade of oxidative stress. We investigated the independent and combined influence of the AGTR1 A1166C and -825 T/A polymorphisms on oxidative stress and plasma AngII responses to AEXT in pre- and stage 1 hypertensives. Urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) significantly increased with AEXT (p=0.002); however, there were no significant changes in superoxide dismutase activity or AngII levels. There was a significant difference in the change in AngII levels with AEXT between A1166C genotype groups (p=0.04) resulting in a significant interactive effect of the A1166C polymorphism and AEXT on the change in AngII (p<0.05). Only the TT genotype group of the -825 T/A polymorphism had a significant reduction in plasma AngII (p=0.02). Risk allele analysis revealed a significant reduction in plasma AngII (p=0.04) and a significant increase in urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (p=0.01) with AEXT in individuals with two risk alleles only. Our findings suggest that variation in the AGTR1 gene is associated with differential changes in plasma AngII but not oxidative stress.
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| 64. |
- Fischer, C.P, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin E isoform-specific inhibition of the exercise-induced heat shock protein 72 expression in humans
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 100:5, s. 1679-1687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as seen in response to exercise, challenge the cellular integrity. Important protective adaptive changes include induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). We hypothesized that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins C (ascorbic acid) and E (tocopherol) would attenuate the exercise-induced increase of HSP72 in the skeletal muscle and in the circulation. Using randomization, we allocated 21 young men into three groups receiving one of the following oral supplementations: RRR-α-tocopherol 400 IU/ day + ascorbic acid (AA) 500 mg/day (CEα), RRR-α-tocopherol 290 IU/day + RRR-γ-tocopherol 130 IU/day + AA 500 mg/day (CEαγ), or placebo (Control). After 28 days of supplementation, the subjects performed 3 h of knee extensor exercise at 50% of the maximal power output. HSP72 mRNA and protein content was determined in muscle biopsies obtained from vastus lateralis at rest (0 h), postexercise (3 h), and after a 3-h recovery (6 h). In addition, blood was sampled for measurements of HSP72, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, AA, and 8-isoprostaglandin-F2α (8-PGF2α). Postsupplementation, the groups differed with respect to plasma vitamin levels. The marker of lipid peroxidation, 8-iso-PGF2α, increased from 0 h to 3 h in all groups, however, markedly less (P < 0.05) in CEα. In Control, skeletal muscle HSP72 mRNA content increased 2.5-fold (P < 0.05) and serum HSP72 protein increased 4-fold (P < 0.05) in response to exercise, whereas a significant increase of skeletal muscle HSP72 protein content was not observed (P = 0.07). In CEα, skeletal muscle HSP72 mRNA, HSP72 protein, and serum HSP72 were not different from Control in response to exercise. In contrast, the effect of exercise on skeletal muscle HSP72 mRNA and protein, as well as circulating HSP72, was completely blunted in CEαγ. The results indicate that γ-tocopherol comprises a potent inhibitor of the exercise-induced increase of HSP72 in skeletal muscle as well as in the circulation.
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| 65. |
- Florvall, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein A1 Is a Stronger Prognostic Marker Than Are HDL and LDL Cholesterol for Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Elderly Men
- 2006
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 61:12, s. 1262-1266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as markers for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in elderly men. We analyzed serum ApoA1, ApoB, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C in a group of 77-year-old men (n = 785). The results were correlated with data from the Swedish cause of death registry. Receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that, of the studied serum markers, ApoA1 was the best predictor for ischemic heart disease mortality (area under the curve = 0.724, 95% confidence interval, 0.691-0.755). There were also significant correlations between the apolipoproteins and other known risk markers for cardiovascular disease such as triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and cystatin C. Serum ApoA1 is a better risk marker than are ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, HDL-C, and LDL-C for cardiovascular disease and mortality in elderly men.
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Florvall, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Microalbuminuria measured by three different methods, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly Swedish males
- 2008
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry Insights. - 1177-3901. ; 3, s. 69-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microalbuminuria is associated with hypertension and is a strong risk factor for subsequent chronic disease, both renal and coronary heart disease (CHD), Presently there are several methods available for measurement of microalbuminuria. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the three different methods gave similar information or if one of the assays were superior to the others. Blood pressure, infl ammatory markers and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity were correlated with urine albumin analysed with a point-of-care testing (POCT) instrument, nephelometric determination of albumin and albumin/creatinine ratio in elderly males. The study population consisted of 103 diabetic and 603 nondiabetic males (age 77 years) in a cross-sectional study. We analyzed urine albumin with a HemoCue® Urine Albumin POCT instrument and a ProSpec® nephelometer and albumin/creatinine ratio. There were strong correlations between both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all three urine albumin methods (p < 0.0001). There were also signifi cant correlations between the different urine albumin measurements and serum amyloid A component, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. The three different urine albumin methods studied provided similar information in relation to cardiovascular disease. There was a strong correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and microalbuminuria in both the whole study population and in nondiabetic males emphasizing the role of hypertension in glomerular damage. The good correlation between the studied urine albumin measurements show that all three methods can be used for monitoring urine albumin excretion.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Freund-Levi, Yvonne, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease : the OmegAD study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 42:3, s. 823-831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and inflammation are two key mechanisms suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) found in fish and fish oil have several biological properties that may be beneficial in AD. However, they may also auto-oxidize and induce in vivo lipid peroxidation.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers following oral supplementation of dietary ω-3 FA.METHODS: Forty patients with moderate AD were randomized to receive 1.7 g DHA (22:6) and 0.6 g EPA (20:5) or placebo for 6 months. Urinary samples were collected before and after supplementation. The levels of the major F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-PGF2α, a consistent in vivo biomarker of oxidative stress, and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α, a major metabolite of PGF2α and biomarker of inflammatory response, were measured.RESULTS: F2-isoprostane in urine increased in the placebo group after 6 months, but there was no clear difference in treatment effect between supplemented and non-supplemented patients on the urinary levels of F2-isoprostanes and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α. At baseline, the levels of 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α showed negative correlative relationships to ω-3 FAs, and a positive correlation to linoleic acid. 8-iso-PGF2α correlated negatively to the ω-6 FA arachidonic acid.CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that supplementation of ω-3 FAs to patients with AD for 6 months does not have a clear effect on free radical-mediated formation of F2-isoprostane or cyclooxygenase-mediated formation of prostaglandin F2α. The correlative relationships to FAs indicate a potential role of FAs in immunoregulation.
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| 70. |
- Garcia-Rodriguez, Cruz E., et al.
(författare)
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Does Consumption of Two Portions of Salmon Per Week Enhance the Antioxidant Defense System in Pregnant Women?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 16:12, s. 1401-1406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salmon is a rich source of marine n-3 fatty acids, which may increase oxidative stress and, in turn, could affect the antioxidant defense system in blood plasma and erythrocytes of pregnant women. The Salmon in Pregnancy Study provided two meals of salmon per week to pregnant women from week 20 of gestation; the control group maintained their habitual diet low in oily fish. Higher selenium and retinol plasma concentrations were observed after dietary salmon supplementation. Besides, a concomitant increase in selenium and glutathione concentration as well as glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities were detected as pregnancy progressed. However, tocopherols, retinol, beta-carotene, and coenzyme Q(10) decreased in late pregnancy. Collectively, our findings lead to the hypothesis that increased farmed salmon intake may increase antioxidant defenses during pregnancy.
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