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Sökning: WFRF:(Bhattacharya D.)

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81.
  • Shah, M., et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of geothermal water quality for industrial and irrigation purposes in the Unai geothermal field, Gujarat, India
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 8, s. 59-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nowadays, a spotlight on the direct manipulation of water from the geothermal fields is laid for manifold applications. This manuscript discusses the utilization of water produced from geothermal wells for irrigation and industrial purposes. In order to identify the suitability of the water for the above mentioned uses, various hydrochemical parameters were evaluated. Samples were collected from three geothermal well sites from Unai village, a prominent geothermal field situated in Navsari district, Gujarat, India. The hydrochemistry of the samples collected from hot spring (depth 30–45 m) was studied and samples were examined by calculating different parameters. The complete study was done individually for both industrial and irrigational uses of geothermal water. The mean surface temperature of the water is 55 °C and average pH of the sample studied is 8.12. The key Water Quality Indices (WQI) such as Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) and Larson-Skold Index (LS) were examined for industrial utilization and the key indices like Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (SP), Kelly Ratio (KR) Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Permeability Index (PI) were examined for irrigational utilization of geothermal water. LSI and RSI values show that carbonate and bicarbonate concentration is in the desirable range, however, LS (15.09, 13.54) is very high which indicates higher Cl- content. High value of indices such as SAR, KR, and SP points out the increased concentration of Na+ in the water sample. The results of this study would help the end users to identify the necessary water-treatments before utilizing the water for industrial and irrigation purposes in the study area.
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82.
  • Shams, S, et al. (författare)
  • Mapping and interpretation of field data for evaluation and mitigation of groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hydroinformatics. - : IWA Publishing. - 1464-7141 .- 1465-1734. ; 8:1, s. 25-36
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Problems of arsenic contamination have been reported from a large number of aquifers in various parts of the world. Especially in Bangladesh, the presence of arsenic in groundwater has been the major environmental health catastrophe that has affected the source of safe water not only for drinking but also for irrigation purposes. The unavailability and inaccessibility of data and dissemination of proper and rapid information has further reduced the accessibility to safe drinking water for nearly 95% of the population of the country. The development of solutions for the arsenic problem and the allocation of resources for mitigation are information-oriented activities. This paper focuses on the mapping and interpretation of field data (based on a case study area) through the application of GIS for presenting and assessing the scope of the arsenic problem in Bangladesh. The mapping and interpretation is done taking into consideration the geophysical characteristics, socio-economic conditions and socio-cultural behavior of the people living in the study area. The mapping and interpretation technique is aimed at assisting lanners and policy makers at the district level to make an assessment about the extent and magnitude of the arsenic problem based on an estimation of the exposed population and the extent and severity of groundwater contamination. In addition, it will enable decision-makers to select possible options and give recommendations based on users’ responses. The advantages of this interpretation technique are that the knowledge base is easy to build and any updated information or modifications can be quickly incorporated into the knowledge base.
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83.
  • Sharma, S., et al. (författare)
  • ASMITAS – A novel application for digitalizing the SASMIT Sediment Color Tool to identify arsenic safe aquifers for drinking water supplies
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environmental Arsenic in a ChangingWorld - 7th International Congress and Exhibition Arsenic in the Environment, 2018. - London : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138486096 ; , s. 629-632
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is an environmental health hazard in several part of the world and a large number of population has affected due to its toxic nature. In Bangladesh, a comprehensive research was accomplished which established a very strong correlation between the aquifer sediments and As concentration in the groundwater. The local drillers practice this knowledge over a time. Based on an action research conducted by the SASMIT project team from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden in collaboration with the local drillers in Bangladesh and a novel handheld sediment color tool was produced to facilitate the local drillers to target safe aquifers for safe tube-well installation. This study was made to advance this tool to be developed as a fully artificial intelligence (AI) based digital ASMITAS (Arsenic Mitigation at Source) tool based on spectral scanning of the sediment color. An HSI camera enables us to capture continuous spectral channels from a given object ranging from IR bands, through VR to UV ranges and hence scores comprehensive imaging output over traditional RGB data based color cameras, thus increase the perception of the color with more accuracy and precision. This new tool can be scalable to cover large geographical area and hence can be very useful tool for local drillers and other stakeholders for smart decision making for installation of safe tube-wells for mitigating As at source level. 
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84.
  • Stockwell, Jason D., et al. (författare)
  • Storm impacts on phytoplankton community dynamics in lakes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : WILEY. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:5, s. 2756-2784
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events such as storms have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. Ecological theory predicts that such extreme events should have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. High winds and precipitation associated with storms can affect lakes via short-term runoff events from watersheds and physical mixing of the water column. In addition, lakes connected to rivers and streams will also experience flushing due to high flow rates. Although we have a well-developed understanding of how wind and precipitation events can alter lake physical processes and some aspects of biogeochemical cycling, our mechanistic understanding of the emergent responses of phytoplankton communities is poor. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis that identifies how storms interact with lake and watershed attributes and their antecedent conditions to generate changes in lake physical and chemical environments. Such changes can restructure phytoplankton communities and their dynamics, as well as result in altered ecological function (e.g., carbon, nutrient and energy cycling) in the short- and long-term. We summarize the current understanding of storm-induced phytoplankton dynamics, identify knowledge gaps with a systematic review of the literature, and suggest future research directions across a gradient of lake types and environmental conditions.
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85.
  • Sur, Dipika, et al. (författare)
  • Efficacy and safety of a modified killed-whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in India: an interim analysis of a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 374:9702, s. 1694-702
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Oral cholera vaccines consisting of killed whole cells have been available for many years, but they have not been used extensively in populations with endemic disease. An inexpensive, locally produced oral killed-whole-cell vaccine has been used in high-risk areas in Vietnam. To expand the use of this vaccine, it was modified to comply with WHO standards. We assessed the efficacy and safety of this modified vaccine in a population with endemic cholera. METHODS: In this double-blind trial, 107 774 non-pregnant residents of Kolkata, India, aged 1 year or older, were cluster-randomised by dwelling to receive two doses of either modified killed-whole-cell cholera vaccine (n=52 212; 1966 clusters) or heat-killed Escherichia coli K12 placebo (n=55 562; 1967 clusters), both delivered orally. Randomisation was done by computer-generated sequence in blocks of four. The primary endpoint was prevention of episodes of culture-confirmed Vibrio cholerae O1 diarrhoea severe enough for the patient to seek treatment in a health-care facility. We undertook an interim, per-protocol analysis at 2 years of follow-up that included individuals who received two completely ingested doses of vaccine or placebo. We assessed first episodes of cholera that occurred between 14 days and 730 days after receipt of the second dose. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00289224. FINDINGS: 31 932 participants assigned to vaccine (1721 clusters) and 34 968 assigned to placebo (1757 clusters) received two doses of study treatment. There were 20 episodes of cholera in the vaccine group and 68 episodes in the placebo group (protective efficacy 67%; one-tailed 99% CI, lower bound 35%, p<0.0001). The vaccine protected individuals in age-groups 1.0-4.9 years, 5.0-14.9 years, and 15 years and older, and protective efficacy did not differ significantly between age-groups (p=0.28). We recorded no vaccine-related serious adverse events. INTERPRETATION: This modified killed-whole-cell oral vaccine, compliant with WHO standards, is safe, provides protection against clinically significant cholera in an endemic setting, and can be used in children aged 1.0-4.9 years, who are at highest risk of developing cholera in endemic settings. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Governments of South Korea, Sweden, and Kuwait.
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86.
  • Tapia, J., et al. (författare)
  • The solid-state partitioning, distribution, and mineralogical associations of arsenic and antimony : Integrated findings from the Altiplano Puna, South America and international comparisons
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of South American Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-9811 .- 1873-0647. ; 114
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are potentially hazardous metalloids and their presence in the environment is often related to mineral deposits, mines, and thermal springs. Despite their similar chemical properties, the distribution and behavior of As and Sb in nature has been shown to differ. In order to contribute to a better understanding of As and Sb in the environment as well as the important parameters controlling their mobility, this study presents a synthesis of geochemical results in the Altiplano-Puna of Chile and Bolivian Sb belt. Ana-lyses include (i) solid-state partitioning, (ii) mineralogical studies and (iii) concentrations of both metalloids in groundwater, surface water, porewater, and fluvial and lake sediments in distinct seasons. Consistencies were found between the mobilization patterns of As and Sb in the studied sites where As is generally more mobile than Sb; however, mining-affected areas in the Bolivian Sb belt tend to be associated with a higher proportion of mobile Sb. From a mineralogical standpoint, As is generally associated with iron oxides and hydroxides and As-bearing pyrites, while Sb is linked to iron oxides, hydroxides, and clay-sized phyllosilicates. When compared to different metallogenic settings outside the Altiplano-Puna plateau (the Loa River Basin of northern Chile and Xikuangshan Mine in China), the following conclusions are consistent with the results obtained from the Altiplano-Puna: dissolved Sb concentrations tend to decrease with distance from the respective mining facility, the mobility of Sb is typically lower than As, and the preferred mineralogical associations are iron oxides and hydroxides. Finally, based on the seasonal analysis of As and Sb, it is conceptualized that wetlands behave as a source of As and as a sink and source of Sb depending on the water column; in addition, consideration must be taken regarding aeolian weathering.
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87.
  • van Halem, D., et al. (författare)
  • Small-scale piped water supply : End-user inclusive water research in arsenic affected areas in India and Bangladesh (DELTAP)
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environmental Arsenic in a ChangingWorld - 7th International Congress and Exhibition Arsenic in the Environment, 2018. - London : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138486096 ; , s. 636-637
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • DELTAP is a multi-disciplinary research project, where geologists, water treatment scientists and industrial design engineers join forces to develop an integrated approach towards small-scale piped water supply (SPWS) systems in the arsenic-affected Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta. The project has started in 2016 with a field study in Bihar (India) with a focus on water quality mapping with mobile crowd participation. The coming years the research will continue with 3 PhD candidates, both in India and Bangladesh, with the ultimate aim to develop blueprints for end-user inclusive SPWS systems.
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