| 41. |
- Barbosa, E.A., et al.
(författare)
-
Quality improvement and geographical indication of cachaça (Brazilian spirit) by using locally selected yeast strains
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2672 .- 1364-5072. ; 121:4, s. 1038-1051
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims In order to improve the quality and to create a biological basis for obtainment of the protected denomination of origin (PDO), indigenous yeast were isolated and characterized for use in Salinas city (the Brazilian region of quality cachaça production). Material and methods Seven thousand and two hundred yeast colonies from 15 Salinas city distilleries were screened based on their fermentative behaviour and the physicochemical composition of cachaça. Molecular polymorphic analyses were performed to characterize these isolates. Results Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (nos. 678 and 680) showed appropriate characteristics to use in the cachaça production: low levels of acetaldehyde and methanol, and high ethyl lactate/ethyl acetate ratio respectively. They also presented polymorphic characteristics more closely related between themselves even when compared to other strains from Salinas. Conclusions The application of selected yeast to cachaça production can contribute for the improvement of the quality product as well as be used as a natural marker for PDO. Significance and Impact of the Study This study suggests that the use of selected yeast strains could contribute to obtain a cachaça similar to those produced traditionally, while getting wide acceptation in the market, yet presenting more homogeneous organoleptic characteristics, and thus contributing to the PDO implementation.
|
|
| 42. |
- Bartoli, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Coupling economic and GHG emission accounting models to evaluate the sustainability of biogas policies
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 106, s. 133-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to evaluate and quantify the impacts of different biogas and related policies on the agricultural sector as well as their performance in terms of climate change mitigation and associated costs. To do so we coupled the partial equilibrium approach simulating the market clearing process with the perspective of Life Cycle Assessment of GHG applying it to the well-documented Lombardy case. Results show that the recent Italian biogas policy – prompting manure utilization and reducing the average subsidy per kWh – effectively increased the environmental sustainability of the system, which only now seems able to counteract global warming. Synergies are observed when the recent Common Agricultural Policy greening reform is simultaneously considered by the model.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Brandao, Idney, et al.
(författare)
-
Density functional theory investigation of the second hyperpolarizability of the phenol blue in solution
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 796
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The second electronic hyperpolarizability (gamma) of the phenol blue (PB) in several solvents in a wide range of dielectric constants is investigated using the Density Functional Theory. The performance of hybrid functionals, with and without long-range correction, is addressed by comparison to Hartree-Fock calculations. Among the employed exchange-correlation functionals, the LC-BLYP functional is suitable for describing the behavior of gamma in solution. LC-BLYP results indicate a clear relationship between the second hyperpolarizability and the bond length alternation (BLA) coordinate for PB in solution, in agreement with experiment.
|
|
| 45. |
- Brandao, Luiz Eduardo M., et al.
(författare)
-
Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia - A Multi-National Survey Study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1179-1608. ; 13, s. 1711-1722
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Lifestyle and work habits have been drastically altered by restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the associated changes in sleep timing modulate the risk of suffering from symptoms of insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder, is however incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the association between the early pandemic-associated change in 1) the magnitude of social jetlag (SJL) - ie, the difference between sleep timing on working vs free days - and 2) symptoms of insomnia.Patients and Methods: A total of 14,968 anonymous participants (mean age: 40 years; 64% females) responded to a standardized internet-based survey distributed across 14 countries. Using logistic multivariate regression, we examined the association between the degree of social jetlag and symptoms of insomnia, controlling for important confounders like social restriction extension, country specific COVID-19 severity and psychological distress, for example.Results: In response to the pandemic, participants reported later sleep timing, especially during workdays. Most participants (46%) exhibited a reduction in their SJL, whereas 20% increased it; and 34% reported no change in SJL. Notably, we found that both increased and decreased SJL, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, were associated with later sleep midpoint (indicating a later chronotype) as well as more recurrent and moderate-to-severe symptoms of insomnia (about 23-54% higher odds ratio than subjects with unchanged SJL). Primarily those with reduced SJL shifted their bedtimes to a later timepoint, compared with those without changes in SJL.Conclusion: Our findings offer important insights into how self-reported changes to the stability of sleep/wake timing, as reflected by changes in SJL, can be a critical marker of the risk of experiencing insomnia-related symptoms - even when individuals manage to reduce their social jetlag. These findings emphasize the clinical importance of analyzing sleep-wake regularity.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Cowie, A. L., et al.
(författare)
-
Quantifying the climate effects of forest-based bioenergy
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Managing Global Warming: An Interface of Technology and Human Issues. - : Elsevier. - 9780128141052 - 9780128141045 ; , s. 399-418
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bioenergy is a key strategy for climate change mitigation in many national and international climate change and renewable energy policies. However, over recent years, claims have been made that forest-based bioenergy can lead to losses in forest carbon (sometimes referred to as "carbon debt") and, thus, their effectiveness at mitigating climate change has been questioned. Climate impacts of forest bioenergy are dependent on a range of case-specific factors, including biophysical features of the biomass-production system and GHG intensity of the energy source it displaces, which are largely determined by the location of the bioenergy project. Estimates of climate impacts are also strongly affected by methodological choices and assumptions, related to reference land use, spatial and temporal system boundary, allocation procedures, time horizon of assessment, metrics applied, and climate forces considered. In this chapter, these key issues are discussed and recommendations are provided for carrying out appropriate and comprehensive assessments of climate impacts of forest bioenergy systems.
|
|
| 49. |
- Dale, Virginia H., et al.
(författare)
-
Status and prospects for renewable energy using wood pellets from the southeastern United States
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 9:8, s. 1296-1305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing debate about costs and benefits of wood-pellet based bioenergy production in the southeastern United States (SE USA) requires an understanding of the science and context influencing market decisions associated with its sustainability. Production of pellets has garnered much attention as US exports have grown from negligible amounts in the early 2000s to 4.6 million metric tonnes in 2015. Currently, 98% of these pellet exports are shipped to Europe to displace coal in power plants. We ask, 'How is the production of wood pellets in the SE USA affecting forest systems and the ecosystem services they provide?' To address this question, we review current forest conditions and the status of the wood products industry, how pellet production affects ecosystem services and biodiversity, and what methods are in place to monitor changes and protect vulnerable systems. Scientific studies provide evidence that wood pellets in the SE USA are a fraction of total forestry operations and can be produced while maintaining or improving forest ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are protected by the requirement to utilize loggers trained to apply scientifically based best management practices in planning and implementing harvest for the export market. Bioenergy markets supplement incomes to private rural landholders and provide an incentive for forest management practices that simultaneously benefit water quality and wildlife and reduce risk of fire and insect outbreaks. Bioenergy also increases the value of forest land to landowners, thereby decreasing likelihood of conversion to nonforest uses. Monitoring and evaluation are essential to verify that regulations and good practices are achieving goals and to enable timely responses if problems arise. Conducting rigorous research to understand how conditions change in response to management choices requires baseline data, monitoring, and appropriate reference scenarios. Long-term monitoring data on forest conditions should be publicly accessible and utilized to inform adaptive management.
|
|
| 50. |
- Diepgen, T. L., et al.
(författare)
-
Hand eczema classification: a cross-sectional, multicentre study of the aetiology and morphology of hand eczema
- 2009
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 160:2, s. 353-358
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hand eczema is a long-lasting disease with a high prevalence in the background population. The disease has severe, negative effects on quality of life and sometimes on social status. Epidemiological studies have identified risk factors for onset and prognosis, but treatment of the disease is rarely evidence based, and a classification system for different subdiagnoses of hand eczema is not agreed upon. Randomized controlled trials investigating the treatment of hand eczema are called for. For this, as well as for clinical purposes, a generally accepted classification system for hand eczema is needed. The present study attempts to characterize subdiagnoses of hand eczema with respect to basic demographics, medical history and morphology. Clinical data from 416 patients with hand eczema from 10 European patch test clinics were assessed. A classification system for hand eczema is proposed. It is suggested that this classification be used in clinical work and in clinical trials.
|
|
