| 561. |
- Taylor, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Sevoflurane dose and postoperative delirium: a prospective cohort analysis.
- 2023
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Ingår i: British journal of anaesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-6771 .- 0007-0912. ; 130:2, s. e289-e297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent trials are conflicting as to whether titration of anaesthetic dose using electroencephalography monitoring reduces postoperative delirium. Titration to anaesthetic dose itself might yield clearer conclusions. We analysed our observational cohort to clarify both dose ranges for trials of anaesthetic dose and biological plausibility of anaesthetic dose influencing delirium.We analysed the use of sevoflurane in an ongoing prospective cohort of non-intracranial surgery. Of 167 participants, 118 received sevoflurane and were aged >65 yr. We tested associations between age-adjusted median sevoflurane (AMS) minimum alveolar concentration fraction or area under the sevoflurane time×dose curve (AUC-S) and delirium severity (Delirium Rating Scale-98). Delirium incidence was measured with 3-minute Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) or CAM-ICU. Associations with previously identified delirium biomarkers (interleukin-8, neurofilament light, total tau, or S100B) were tested.Delirium severity did not correlate with AMS (Spearman's ρ=-0.014, P=0.89) or AUC-S (ρ=0.093, P=0.35), nor did delirium incidence (AMS Wilcoxon P=0.86, AUC-S P=0.78). Further sensitivity analyses including propofol dose also demonstrated no relationship. Linear regression confirmed no association for AMS in unadjusted (log (IRR)=-0.06 P=0.645) or adjusted models (log (IRR)=-0.0454, P=0.735). No association was observed for AUC-S in unadjusted (log (IRR)=0.00, P=0.054) or adjusted models (log (IRR)=0.00, P=0.832). No association of anaesthetic dose with delirium biomarkers was identified (P>0.05).Sevoflurane dose was not associated with delirium severity or incidence. Other biological mechanisms of delirium, such as inflammation and neuronal injury, appear more plausible than dose of sevoflurane.NCT03124303, NCT01980511.
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| 562. |
- Thrift, Aaron P., et al.
(författare)
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Mendelian randomization study of height and risk of colorectal cancer
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 44:2, s. 662-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: For men and women, taller height is associated with increased risk of all cancers combined. For colorectal cancer (CRC), it is unclear whether the differential association of height by sex is real or is due to confounding or bias inherent in observational studies. We performed a Mendelian randomization study to examine the association between height and CRC risk. Methods: To minimize confounding and bias, we derived a weighted genetic risk score predicting height (using 696 genetic variants associated with height) in 10 226 CRC cases and 10 286 controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between height, genetically predicted height and CRC. Results: Using conventional methods, increased height (per 10-cm increment) was associated with increased CRC risk (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02-1.15). In sex-specific analyses, height was associated with CRC risk for women (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05-1.26), but not men (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.92-1.05). Consistent with these results, carrying greater numbers of (weighted) height-increasing alleles (per 1-unit increase) was associated with higher CRC risk for women and men combined (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.14) and for women (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01-1.19). There was weaker evidence of an association for men (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.96-1.15). Conclusion: We provide evidence for a causal association between height and CRC for women. The CRC-height association for men remains unclear and warrants further investigation in other large studies.
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| 563. |
- Titov, Nickolai, et al.
(författare)
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User characteristics and outcomes from a national digital mental health service : an observational study of registrants of the Australian MindSpot Clinic.
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet Digital Health. - London, United Kingdom : The Lancet Publishing Group. - 2589-7500. ; 2:11, s. e582-e593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Interest is growing in digital and telehealth delivery of mental health services, but data are scarce on outcomes in routine care. The federally funded Australian MindSpot Clinic provides online and telephone psychological assessment and treatment services to Australian adults. We aimed to summarise demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients registered with MindSpot over the first 7 years of clinic operation.Methods: We used an observational design to review all patients who registered for assessment with the MindSpot Clinic between Jan 1, 2013, and Dec 31, 2019. We descriptively analysed the demographics, service preferences, and baseline symptoms of patients. Among patients enrolled in a digital treatment course, we evaluated scales of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale [GAD-7]), as primary measures of treatment outcome, from the screening assessment to post-treatment and a 3 month follow-up. The Kessler Psychological Distress 10-Item Plus Scale was also used to assess changes in general distress and disability, and course satisfaction was measured post-treatment.Outcomes: A total of 121 652 screening assessments were started, of which 96 018 (78·9%) were completed. The mean age of patients was 35·7 years (SD 13·8) and 88 702 (72·9%) were women. Based on available assessment data, 36 866 (34·5%) of 106 811 participants had never previously spoken to a health professional about their symptoms, and most people self-reported symptoms of anxiety (88 879 [81·9%] of 108 494) or depression (78 803 [72·6%] of 108 494), either alone or in combination, at baseline. 21 745 patients started treatment in a therapist-guided online course, of whom 14 503 (66·7%) completed treatment (≥four of five lessons). Key trends in service use included an increase in the proportion of people using MindSpot primarily for assessment and information, from 52·6% in 2013 to 66·7% in 2019, while the proportion primarily seeking online treatment decreased, from 42·6% in 2013 to 26·7% in 2019. Effect sizes and percentage changes were large for estimated mean scores on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 from assessment to post-treatment (PHQ-9, Cohen's d effect size 1·40 [95% CI 1·37-1·43]; and GAD-7, 1·45 [1·42-1·47]) and the 3 month follow-up (PHQ-9, 1·36 [1·34-1·38]; and GAD-7, 1·42 [1·40-1·44]); proportions of patients with reliable symptom deterioration (score increase of ≥6 points [PHQ-9] or ≥5 points [GAD-7]) were low post-treatment (of 13 058 respondents, 184 [1·4%] had symptom deterioration on the PHQ-9 and 282 [2·2%] on the GAD-7); and patient satisfaction rates were high (12 452 [96·6%] of 12 895 respondents would recommend the course and 12 433 [96·7%] of 12 860 reported the course worthwhile). We also observed small improvements in disability following treatment as measured by days out of role.Interpretation: Our findings indicate improvement in psychological symptoms and positive reception among patients receiving online mental health treatment. These results support the addition of digital services such as MindSpot as a component in contemporary national mental health systems.Funding: None.
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| 564. |
- Tuccari, G., et al.
(författare)
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DBBC3: VLBI at 32 Gbits per second
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - 1824-8039. ; 2012-October
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project to develop the third generation of a digital backend system (DBBC3) for VLBI and other applications is presented, including an overview of the evolution of this system. The initial development started about ten years ago and evolved in the course of time by improving all its components: hardware, firmware and software going from DBBC1 to DBBC2. The latest, now third generation will be able to fully implement digitally all the functionality required of a complete 32 Gbps VLBI backend for the EVN and VLBI2010. The architecture and adopted methods are described. The implementation of the astronomical version is financially supported by RadioNet3.
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| 565. |
- Turk, Casey M., et al.
(författare)
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Paralemmin-1 is over-expressed in estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2867. ; 12, s. 17-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Paralemmin-1 is a phosphoprotein lipid-anchored to the cytoplasmic face of membranes where it functions in membrane dynamics, maintenance of cell shape, and process formation. Expression of paralemmin-1 and its major splice variant (Delta exon 8) as well as the extent of posttranslational modifications are tissue-and development-specific. Paralemmin-1 expression in normal breast and breast cancer tissue has not been described previously. Results: Paralemmin-1 mRNA and protein expression was evaluated in ten breast cell lines, 26 primary tumors, and 10 reduction mammoplasty (RM) tissues using real time RT-PCR. Paralemmin-1 splice variants were assessed in tumor and RM tissues using a series of primers and RT-PCR. Paralemmin-1 protein expression was examined in cell lines using Western Blots and in 31 ductal carcinomas in situ, 65 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, and 40 RM tissues using immunohistochemistry. Paralemmin-1 mRNA levels were higher in breast cancers than in RM tissue and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors had higher transcript levels than ER-negative tumors. The Delta exon 8 splice variant was detected more frequently in tumor than in RM tissues. Protein expression was consistent with mRNA results showing higher paralemmin-1 expression in ER-positive tumors. Conclusions: The differential expression of paralemmin-1 in a subset of breast cancers suggests the existence of variation in membrane dynamics that may be exploited to improve diagnosis or provide a therapeutic target.
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| 566. |
- Turtelboom,, et al.
(författare)
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The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. Mass Measurements for Four Transiting Sub-Neptunes Orbiting K Dwarf TOI-1246
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-3881 .- 0004-6256. ; 163:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiplanet systems are valuable arenas for investigating exoplanet architectures and comparing planetary siblings. TOI-1246 is one such system, with a moderately bright K dwarf (V = 11.6, K = 9.9) and four transiting sub-Neptunes identified by TESS with orbital periods of 4.31, 5.90, 18.66, and 37.92 days. We collected 130 radial velocity observations with Keck/HIRES and TNG/HARPS-N to measure planet masses. We refit the 14 sectors of TESS photometry to refine planet radii (2.97 +/- 0.06 R (circle plus), 2.47 +/- 0.08 R (circle plus), 3.46 +/- 0.09 R (circle plus), and 3.72 +/- 0.16 R (circle plus)) and confirm the four planets. We find that TOI-1246 e is substantially more massive than the three inner planets (8.1 +/- 1.1 M (circle plus), 8.8 +/- 1.2 M (circle plus), 5.3 +/- 1.7 M (circle plus), and 14.8 +/- 2.3 M (circle plus)). The two outer planets, TOI-1246 d and TOI-1246 e, lie near to the 2:1 resonance (P (e)/P ( d ) = 2.03) and exhibit transit-timing variations. TOI-1246 is one of the brightest four-planet systems, making it amenable for continued observations. It is one of only five systems with measured masses and radii for all four transiting planets. The planet densities range from 0.70 +/- 0.24 to 3.21 +/- 0.44 g cm(-3), implying a range of bulk and atmospheric compositions. We also report a fifth planet candidate found in the RV data with a minimum mass of 25.6 +/- 3.6 M (circle plus). This planet candidate is exterior to TOI-1246 e, with a candidate period of 93.8 days, and we discuss the implications if it is confirmed to be planetary in nature.
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| 567. |
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| 568. |
- Villa, Eric M., et al.
(författare)
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Adding reactivity to structure-reaction dynamics in a nanometer-size oxide ion in water
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Science. - : American Journal of Science (AJS). - 0002-9599 .- 1945-452X. ; 308:8, s. 942-953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine oxygen-isotope exchanges in a nanometer-size oxide molecule in water and, separately, both its rates of dissociation and molecular products. This molecule, the decaniobate ion ([H(x),Nb(10)O(28)]((6-x)-)), is at the same size scale as geochemically interesting features on minerals, such as surface polymers and kink sites on growth steps, although it is structurally quite dissimilar. Unlike mineral surface structures, however, we have complete confidence in the aqueous structure of this molecule and it yields a clear spectroscopic signature as it reacts. We thus can follow proton-enhanced isotope exchanges and base-induced dissociation in unprecedented detail and clarity. The results are surprising and require new thinking about geochemical reactions at the molecular scale. For example, base-induced dissociation of the molecule, which is unprotonated, causes rates of oxygen-isotope exchanges of all structural oxygens to accelerate dramatically. Similarly, protonation of the molecule causes sets of oxygens to react, although protonation is limited. In general, all reactions are via concerted motions of many atoms and the reactivities vary as though the entire structure was responding to changes in solution composition. The site reactivities could not be inferred from the stable structure of the decaniobate molecule because so much of the structure is involved in each exchange event. Thus, computational models must be structurally faithful to an extraordinary degree, and inherently dynamic, or they will miss the essential chemistry.
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| 569. |
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| 570. |
- Vogt, Marissa F., et al.
(författare)
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Electron densities in the ionosphere of Mars : A comparison of MARSIS and radio occultation measurements
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 121:10, s. 10241-10257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radio occultation electron densities measurements from the Mariner 9 and Viking spacecraft, which orbited Mars in the 1970s, have recently become available in a digital format. These data are highly complementary to the radio occultation electron density profiles from Mars Global Surveyor, which were restricted in solar zenith angle and altitude. Wehave compiled data from the Mariner 9, Viking, and Mars Global Surveyor radio occultation experiments for comparison to electron density measurements made by Mars AdvancedRadar for SubsurfaceandIonosphere Sounding (MARSIS), the topside radar sounder on Mars Express, and MARSIS-based empirical density models. Wefind that the electron densities measured by radio occultation are in generally good agreement with the MARSIS data and model, especially near the altitude of the peak electron density but that the MARSIS data and model display a larger plasma scale height than the radio occultation profiles at altitudes between the peak density and 200 km. Consequently, the MARSIS-measured and model electron densities are consistently larger than radio occultation densities at altitudes similar to 200-300 km. Finally, we have analyzed transitions in the topside ionosphere, at the boundary between the photochemically controlled and transport-controlled regions, and identified the average transition altitude, or altitude at which a change in scale height occurs. The average transition altitude is similar to 200 km in the Mariner 9 and Viking radio occultation profiles and in profiles of the median MARSIS radar sounding electron densities.
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