| 2531. |
- Duszka, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Intestinal PPARγ signalling is required for sympathetic nervous system activation in response to caloric restriction
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6, s. 36937-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear receptor PPARγ has been proven to affect metabolism in multiple tissues, and has received considerable attention for its involvement in colon cancer and inflammatory disease. However, its role in intestinal metabolism has been largely ignored. To investigate this potential aspect of PPARγ function, we submitted intestinal epithelium-specific PPARγ knockout mice (iePPARγKO) to a two-week period of 25% caloric restriction (CR), following which iePPARγKO mice retained more fat than their wild type littermates. In attempting to explain this discrepancy, we analysed the liver, skeletal muscle, intestinal lipid trafficking, and the microbiome, none of which appeared to contribute to the adiposity phenotype. Interestingly, under conditions of CR, iePPARγKO mice failed to activate their sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and increase CR-specific locomotor activity. These KO mice also manifested a defective control of their body temperature, which was overly reduced. Furthermore, the white adipose tissue of iePPARγKO CR mice showed lower levels of both hormone-sensitive lipase, and its phosphorylated form. This would result from impaired SNS signalling and possibly cause reduced lipolysis. We conclude that intestinal epithelium PPARγ plays an essential role in increasing SNS activity under CR conditions, thereby contributing to energy mobilization during metabolically stressful episodes.
|
|
| 2532. |
- Eiroa, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Exocomet signatures around the A-shell star φ Leonis?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an intensive monitoring of high-resolution spectra of the Ca ii K line in the A7IV shell star φ Leo at very short (minutes, hours), short (night to night), and medium (weeks, months) timescales. The spectra show remarkable variable absorptions on timescales of hours, days, and months. The characteristics of these sporadic events are very similar to most that are observed toward the debris disk host star β Pic, which are commonly interpreted as signs of the evaporation of solid, comet-like bodies grazing or falling onto the star. Therefore, our results suggest the presence of solid bodies around φ Leo. To our knowledge, with the exception of β Pic, our monitoring has the best time resolution at the mentioned timescales for a star with events attributed to exocomets. Assuming the cometary scenario and considering the timescales of our monitoring, our results indicate that φ Leo presents the richest environment with comet-like events known to date, second only to β Pic.
|
|
| 2533. |
|
|
| 2534. |
- Enshaei, N., et al.
(författare)
-
ICPHM'23 Benchmark Vibration Dataset Applicable in Machine Learning for Systems' Health Monitoring
- 2024
-
Ingår i: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management, ICPHM 2024. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350374476 ; , s. 1-8
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibration signal analysis is an effective tool for fault diagnosis in industrial/manufacturing machinery. Gearboxes are a fundamental component of many industrial machines, and their failure can cause significant downtime, production losses, and safety hazards. Analyzing vibration signals makes it possible to detect, classify, and diagnose faults in gearboxes, enabling timely maintenance and preventing catastrophic failures. Vibration signals are sensitive to changes in the operating conditions and internal components of gearboxes, making them a reliable indicator of potential faults. This paper introduces a new vibration signal data set, referred to as VibraFault, which has been the focus of the ICPHM23 data challenge. The dataset contains vibration signals acquired from a test rig consisting of a driving motor, a two-stage planetary gearbox, a two-stage parallel gearbox, and a magnetic brake. The experiments include various operating conditions and focus on common sun gear faults on the planetary gearbox, such as surface wear, chipped, crack, and tooth-missing. For each operating condition, normal and fault vibration signals have been recorded at a sampling frequency of 10 kHz. Vibration signals have been collected in three directions to facilitate more comprehensive research studies on mapping between different types of faults and the system's vibration response. The dataset has the potential to promote research in fault diagnosis, particularly in the development of advanced solutions based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN).
|
|
| 2535. |
- Evans, J D, et al.
(författare)
-
Immune pathways and defence mechanisms in honey bees Apis mellifera.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Insect Mol Biol. - 0962-1075. ; 15:5, s. 645-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social insects are able to mount both group-level and individual defences against pathogens. Here we focus on individual defences, by presenting a genome-wide analysis of immunity in a social insect, the honey bee Apis mellifera. We present honey bee models for each of four signalling pathways associated with immunity, identifying plausible orthologues for nearly all predicted pathway members. When compared to the sequenced Drosophila and Anopheles genomes, honey bees possess roughly one-third as many genes in 17 gene families implicated in insect immunity. We suggest that an implied reduction in immune flexibility in bees reflects either the strength of social barriers to disease, or a tendency for bees to be attacked by a limited set of highly coevolved pathogens.
|
|
| 2536. |
- Fan, C-W, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer-initiating cells derived from human rectal adenocarcinoma tissues carry mesenchymal phenotypes and resist drug therapies
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Cell Death and Disease. - : Nature Publishing Group: Open Access Journals - Option B / Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-4889. ; 4, s. e828-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are responsible for cancer initiation, relapse, and metastasis. Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is typically classified into proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal cancer. The gradual changes in CRC molecular features within the bowel may have considerable implications in colon and rectal CICs. Unfortunately, limited information is available on CICs derived from rectal cancer, although colon CICs have been described. Here we identified rectal CICs (R-CICs) that possess differentiation potential in tumors derived from patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. The R-CICs carried both CD44 and CD54 surface markers, while R-CICs and their immediate progenies carried potential epithelial–mesenchymal transition characteristics. These R-CICs generated tumors similar to their tumor of origin when injected into immunodeficient mice, differentiated into rectal epithelial cells in vitro, and were capable of self-renewal both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, subpopulations of R-CICs resisted both 5-fluorouracil/calcium folinate/oxaliplatin (FolFox) and cetuximab treatment, which are the most common therapeutic regimens used for patients with advanced or metastatic rectal cancer. Thus, the identification, expansion, and properties of R-CICs provide an ideal cellular model to further investigate tumor progression and determine therapeutic resistance in these patients.
|
|
| 2537. |
|
|
| 2538. |
- Felici, M, et al.
(författare)
-
High Energy Optical Transitions in Ga(PN) : Contribution from Perturbed Valence Band
- 2005
-
Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings / Volume 772. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0735402574 ; , s. 265-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The GaP1–xNx conduction band is investigated experimentally (by excitation photoluminescence) andtheoretically (by pseudopotential supercells) for N concentrations up to x=3.5%and photon energies ranging from the optical absorption edge to3.2 eV. With increasing x: (i) a direct-like absorption edgedevelops smoothly and red-shifts rapidly overtaking energy-pinned cluster states; (ii)a broad absorption plateau appears between the X1c and the1c critical points of GaP; (iii) the 1c absorption edgebroadens and gradually disappears. Empirical pseudopotential calculations for GaP1-xNx randomalloy supercells account well for all the PLE results byconsidering N induced changes in the valence band overlooked sofar. ©2005 American Institute of Physics
|
|
| 2539. |
|
|
| 2540. |
- Fu, Z. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease retinal neovascularization by adipose-endoplasmic reticulum stress reduction to increase adiponectin
- 2015
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 101:4, s. 879-888
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening disease in premature infants. Serum adiponectin (APN) concentrations positively correlate with postnatal growth and gestational age, important risk factors for ROP development. Dietary omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) suppress ROP and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in a mouse model of human ROP, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Objective: We examined the role of APN in ROP development and whether circulating APN concentrations are increased by dietary omega-3 LCPUFAs to mediate the protective effect in ROP. Design: Serum APN concentrations were correlated with ROP development and serum omega-3 LCPUFA concentrations in preterm infants. Mouse OIR was then used to determine whether omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation increases serum APN concentrations, which then suppress retinopathy. Results: We found that in preterm infants, low serum APN concentrations positively correlate with ROP, and serum APN concentrations positively correlate with serum omega-3 LCPUFA concentrations. In mouse OIR, serum total APN and bioactive high-molecular-weight APN concentrations are increased by omega-3 LCPUFA feed. White adipose tissue, where APN is produced and assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum, is the major source of serum APN. In mouse OIR, adipose endoplasmic reticulum stress is increased, and APN production is suppressed. omega-3 LCPUFA feed in mice increases APN production by reducing adipose endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Dietary omega-3 LCPUFA suppression of neovascularization is reduced from 70% to 10% with APN deficiency. APN receptors localize in the retina, particularly to pathologic neovessels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increasing APN by omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation in total parental nutrition for preterm infants may suppress ROP.
|
|
