| 811. |
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| 812. |
- Rosotti, G.~P., et al.
(author)
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The origin of the eccentricity of the hot Jupiter in CI Tau
- 2017
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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 1745-3925 .- 1745-3933. ; 464, s. 114-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the recent discovery of the first radial velocity planet in a star still possessing a protoplanetary disc (CI Tau), we examine the origin of the planet's eccentricity (e ~0.3). We show through long time-scale (10^5 orbits) simulations that the planetary eccentricity can be pumped by the disc, even when its local surface density is well below the threshold previously derived from short time-scale integrations. We show that the disc may be able to excite the planet's orbital eccentricity in <1 Myr for the system parameters of CI Tau. We also perform two-planet scattering experiments and show that alternatively the observed planet may plausibly have acquired its eccentricity through dynamical scattering of a migrating lower mass planet, which has either been ejected from the system or swallowed by the central star. In the latter case the present location and eccentricity of the observed planet can be recovered if it was previously stalled within the disc's magnetospheric cavity.
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| 813. |
- Russell, Amy K., et al.
(author)
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Stool gluten peptide detection is superior to urinary analysis, coeliac serology, dietary adherence scores and symptoms in the detection of intermittent gluten exposure in coeliac disease : a randomised, placebo-controlled, low-dose gluten challenge study
- 2024
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In: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 16:2, s. 279-279
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monitoring adherence to a gluten-free diet is an important goal of coeliac disease management. Urine and stool gluten immunogenic peptide (GIP) assays provide an objective readout of gluten ingestion, with the former favoured due to its convenience and acceptability. This study assessed stool GIP excretion after low-dose gluten challenge designed to mimic accidental gluten exposure. A total of 52 coeliac participants undertook a randomised, double-blind gluten (50–1000 mg) or placebo challenge. Stool and urinary GIP, serology, dietary adherence and symptoms were assessed. Stool GIP was 100% sensitive for gluten intake ≥250 mg and 71% for 50 mg. Peak GIP detection was 12–36 h after gluten exposure. The mean stool GIP after 1000 mg gluten ingestion remained above the limit of quantification for 5 days. Urine GIP assessment had poor sensitivity for GIP excretion compared to stool. Serology, dietary adherence score and symptoms did not correlate with gluten excretion during lead-in. We conclude that stool GIP detection is highly sensitive, with levels related to gluten dose and time from ingestion. Weekly or bi-weekly testing will detect low-level exposure more effectively than urine GIP assessments or traditional methods. In this seronegative, apparently well-treated cohort, a high frequency of baseline-positive GIP suggests ongoing gluten exposure, but the assessment of patient behaviour and assay specificity is needed.
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| 814. |
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| 815. |
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| 816. |
- Sandlund, C, et al.
(author)
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Is it more about mood than about sleep? An investigation into moderators and mediators of treatment response to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
- 2020
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objectives/Introduction: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line treatment for insomnia. Although 80% improve, 50% do not reach full remission. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients who continue to report insomnia after CBT-I.Methods: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial in Swedish primary care that included 165 patients with insomnia disorder. The intervention was seven sessions of nurse-administrated CBT-I as group treatment over ten weeks. The control condition was treatment as usual. Remission from insomnia was assessed by the yes-or-no question ‘Would you say that you have insomnia?’ at post-treatment.Results: At post-treatment, insomnia was reported by 95% in the control group (56 of 59), and by 57% in the intervention group (41 of 72). Patients who still reported insomnia after CBT-I had poorer mental health at baseline than those reporting remission (depressive symptoms, p = 0.006; psychological distress, p = 0.026; mental functioning, p = 0.048). They improved similarly to those reporting remission in sleep onset latency, time awake after sleep onset, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, awakenings, and sleep quality (p > 0.1, respectively), fatigue, psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and mental functioning (p > 0.2, respectively). They improved less in insomnia severity (p = 0.001), dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (p < 0.001), and use of hypnotics (p = 0.014). Change in depressive symptoms during treatments mediated between CBT-I and remission of insomnia in a model that took depressive symptoms and insomnia severity at baseline into account (direct effect, b = −2.58, CI −3.99, −1.16; indirect effect, b = −1.64, CI −3.38, −0.81). Depressive symptoms at baseline (- b = 0.32, p < 0.001) was a significant predictor of remission, but insomnia severity was not (- b = 0.08, p = 0.265).Conclusions: Although CBT-I improved sleep and daytime symptoms, the degree of depressive symptoms prior to treatment, as well as change in depressive symptoms during treatment, affected whether patients reported that they still suffered from insomnia or not. These findings highlight the importance of careful assessment of patients with insomnia in primary care and suggest tailored treatment for patients with pronounced depressive symptoms.
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| 817. |
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| 818. |
- Schumann, Gunter, et al.
(author)
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KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product beta-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:50, s. 14372-14377
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excessive alcohol consumption is a major public health problem worldwide. Although drinking habits are known to be inherited, few genes have been identified that are robustly linked to alcohol drinking. We conducted a genome-wide association metaanalysis and replication study among >105,000 individuals of European ancestry and identified beta-Klotho (KLB) as a locus associated with alcohol consumption (rs11940694; P = 9.2 x 10(-12)). beta-Klotho is an obligate coreceptor for the hormone FGF21, which is secreted from the liver and implicated in macronutrient preference in humans. We show that brain-specific beta-Klotho KO mice have an increased alcohol preference and that FGF21 inhibits alcohol drinking by acting on the brain. These data suggest that a liver-brain endocrine axis may play an important role in the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior and provide a unique pharmacologic target for reducing alcohol consumption.
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| 819. |
- Schwarz, E, et al.
(author)
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Reproducible grey matter patterns index a multivariate, global alteration of brain structure in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
- 2019
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In: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 9:1, s. 12-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by numerous subtle changes in brain structure and function. Machine learning allows exploring the utility of combining structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures for diagnostic application, but this approach has been hampered by sample size limitations and lack of differential diagnostic data. Here, we performed a multi-site machine learning analysis to explore brain structural patterns of T1 MRI data in 2668 individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, and healthy controls. We found reproducible changes of structural parameters in schizophrenia that yielded a classification accuracy of up to 76% and provided discrimination from ADHD, through it lacked specificity against bipolar disorder. The observed changes largely indexed distributed grey matter alterations that could be represented through a combination of several global brain-structural parameters. This multi-site machine learning study identified a brain-structural signature that could reproducibly differentiate schizophrenia patients from controls, but lacked specificity against bipolar disorder. While this currently limits the clinical utility of the identified signature, the present study highlights that the underlying alterations index substantial global grey matter changes in psychotic disorders, reflecting the biological similarity of these conditions, and provide a roadmap for future exploration of brain structural alterations in psychiatric patients.
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| 820. |
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