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- Crowe, S., et al.
(författare)
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Near-infrared observations of outflows and young stellar objects in the massive star-forming region AFGL 5180
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Massive stars play important roles throughout the universe; however, their formation remains poorly understood. Observations of jets and outflows in high-mass star-forming regions, as well as surveys of young stellar object (YSO) content, can help test theoretical models of massive star formation. Aims. We aim at characterizing the massive star-forming region AFGL 5180 in the near-infrared (NIR), identifying outflows and relating these to sub-mm/mm sources, as well as surveying the overall YSO surface number density to compare to massive star formation models. Methods. Broad- and narrow-band imaging of AFGL 5180 was made in the NIR with the Large Binocular Telescope, in both seeing-limited (~0.5′) and high angular resolution (~0.09′) Adaptive Optics (AO) modes, as well as with the Hubble Space Telescope. Archival continuum data from the Atacama Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) was also utilized. Results. At least 40 jet knots were identified via NIR emission from H2 and [FeII] tracing shocked gas. Bright jet knots outflowing from the central most massive protostar, S4 (estimated mass ~11 M⊙, via SED fitting), are detected towards the east of the source and are resolved in fine detail with the AO imaging. Additional knots are distributed throughout the field, likely indicating the presence of multiple driving sources. Sub-millimeter sources detected by ALMA are shown to be grouped in two main complexes, AFGL 5180 M and a small cluster ~15′ (0.15 pc in projection) to the south, AFGL 5180 S. From our NIR continuum images we identify YSO candidates down to masses of ~0.1 M⊙. Combined with the sub-mm sources, this yields a surface number density of such YSOs of N* ~ 103pc-2 within a projected radius of about 0.1 pc. Such a value is similar to those predicted by models of both core accretion from a turbulent clump environment and competitive accretion. The radial profile of N* is relatively flat on scales out to 0.2 pc, with only modest enhancement around the massive protostar inside 0.05 pc, which provides additional constraints on these massive star formation models. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the utility of high-resolution NIR imaging, in particular with AO, for detecting outflow activity and YSOs in distant regions. The presented images reveal the complex morphology of outflow-shocked gas within the large-scale bipolar flow of a massive protostar, as well as clear evidence for several other outflow driving sources in the region. Finally, this work presents a novel approach to compare the observed YSO surface number density from our study against different models of massive star formation.
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- Dagogo-Jack, S, et al.
(författare)
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Glycemic efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 3 chronic kidney disease: an analysis from the VERTIS CV randomized trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open diabetes research & care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report the glycemic efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in patients in the VERTIS CV cardiovascular outcome trial with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3.Research design and methodsPrespecified and post-hoc analyses were performed in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30–<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at screening. The primary endpoint was glycemic efficacy at week 18. Longer term glycemic efficacy and changes in body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and eGFR were also evaluated.ResultsAmong 8246 patients in VERTIS CV, 1776 patients had CKD stage 3; 1319 patients had CKD stage 3A (eGFR 45–<60 mL/min/1.73 m2); 457 patients had CKD stage 3B (eGFR 30–<45 mL/min/1.73 m2). Week 18 least squares (LS)-mean (95% CI) placebo-adjusted changes from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for 5 mg and 15 mg ertugliflozin were −0.27% (−0.37% to –0.17%) and −0.28% (−0.38% to –0.17%), respectively, for CKD stage 3 overall and −0.27% (−0.38% to –0.15%) and −0.31% (−0.43% to –0.19%), respectively, for CKD stage 3A (all p<0.001). For CKD stage 3B, the reduction in HbA1c for 5 mg ertugliflozin was −0.28% (−0.47% to –0.08%) (p=0.006) and for 15 mg ertugliflozin was −0.19% (−0.39% to 0.01%) (p=0.064). LS-mean placebo-adjusted reductions in body weight (range: −1.32 to −1.95 kg) and SBP (range: −2.42 to −3.41 mm Hg) were observed across CKD stage 3 categories with ertugliflozin. After an initial dip, eGFR remained above or near baseline with ertugliflozin treatment. The incidence of overall adverse events (AEs), symptomatic hypoglycemia, hypovolemia, and kidney-related AEs did not differ between ertugliflozin and placebo across CKD stage 3 subgroups.ConclusionsIn VERTIS CV patients with CKD stage 3A, ertugliflozin resulted in reductions in HbA1c, body weight and SBP, maintenance of eGFR, and was generally well tolerated. Results in the CKD stage 3B subgroup were generally similar except for an attenuated HbA1c response with the 15 mg dose.Trial registration numberNCT01986881.
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