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Sökning: WFRF:(Cox A)

  • Resultat 1081-1090 av 1183
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1081.
  •  
1082.
  • Cox, G.K., et al. (författare)
  • Anoxic survival of the Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stoutii.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology B. ; 181, s. 361-371
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is not known how the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) can survive extended periods of anoxia. The present study used two experimental approaches to examine energy use during and following anoxic exposure periods of different durations (6, 24 and 36 h). By measuring oxygen consumption prior to anoxic exposure, we detected a circadian rhythm, with hagfish being active during night and showing a minimum routine oxygen consumption (RMR) during the daytime. By measuring the excess post-anoxic oxygen consumption (EPAOC) after 6 and 24 h it was possible to mathematically account for RMR being maintained even though heme stores of oxygen would have been depleted by the animal’s metabolism during the first hours of anoxia. However, EPAOC after 36 h of anoxia could not account for RMR being maintained. Measurements of tissue glycogen disappearance and lactate appearance during anoxia showed that the degree of glycolysis and the timing of its activation varied among tissues. Yet, neither measurement could account for the RMR being maintained during even the 6-h anoxic period. Therefore, two independent analyses of the metabolic responses of hagfish to anoxia exposure suggest that hagfish utilize metabolic rate suppression as part of the strategy for longer-term anoxia survival.
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1083.
  • Cox, G.K., et al. (författare)
  • Cardiac responses to anoxia in the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 213:21, s. 3692-3698
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the absence of any previous study of the cardiac status of hagfishes during prolonged anoxia and because of their propensity for oxygen-depleted environments, the present study tested the hypothesis that the Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stoutii maintains cardiac performance during prolonged anoxia. Heart rate was halved from the routine value of 10.4±1.3 beats min–1 by the sixth hour of an anoxic period and then remained stable for a further 30 h. Cardiac stroke volume increased from routine (1.3±0.1 ml kg–1) to partially compensate the anoxic bradycardia, such that cardiac output decreased by only 33% from the routine value of 12.3±0.9 ml min–1 kg–1. Cardiac power output decreased by only 25% from the routine value of 0.26±0.02 mW g–1. During recovery from prolonged anoxia, cardiac output and heart rate increased to peak values within 1.5 h. Thus, the Pacific hagfish should be acknowledged as hypoxic tolerant in terms of its ability to maintain around 70% of their normoxic cardiac performance during prolonged anoxia. This is only the second fish species to be so classified.
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1084.
  •  
1085.
  • Cox, Peter N., et al. (författare)
  • Fluorocarbons facilitate lung recruitment
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 29, s. 2297-2302
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: "Open the lung and keep it open" is increasingly accepted as a fundamental principle for mechanical ventilation. However, it is sometimes very difficult, or impossible, to recruit the diseased lung. We questioned whether one could facilitate recruitment by using a low dose of fluorocarbon in a model previously shown to be non-recruitable by conventional sustained inflation maneuvers. Design and setting: Experimental prospective study in a university laboratory. Animals and interventions: Nine saline-lavaged rabbits subjected to prolonged large tidal volume mechanical ventilation to establish significant lung injury were randomly allocated to two groups: control [High Frequency Oscillation (HFO) alone: n=4] or 1 ml/kg fluorocarbon (FC) treated (HFO/FC: n=5) for 2+1 h (experiment 1). An additional four similarly prepared animals were treated by single-lung instillation of 0.5 ml/kg dose of fluorocarbon and underwent serial computerized tomography scans at a series of predetermined step-wise pressure increase in both lungs (experiment 2). Measurements and results: In experiment 1 there was a very significant improvement in oxygenation in HFO/FC group (PaO2 increased from 108 mmHg to 424±81 mmHg; P<0.05) while there was no significant change in the control group. In experiment 2 lung volumes were determined using three-dimensional reconstruction. The lung having fluorocarbon showed a 2.4-fold increase in lung volume at inflation pressure of 15 cmH 2O compared to the lung without fluorocarbon. Conclusions: We propose that the low equilibrium surface tension and positive spreading coefficient of fluorocarbon facilitates lung recruitment by ungluing adherent surfaces in this model of lung injury.
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1086.
  •  
1087.
  • Cox, Zachary L, et al. (författare)
  • Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy Tolerability in Patients With Heart Failure and Mitral Regurgitation: The COAPT Trial.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: JACC. Heart failure. - 2213-1787. ; 11:7, s. 791-805
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the COAPT (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation) trial, a central committee of heart failure (HF) specialists optimized guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT) and documented medication and goal dose intolerances before patient enrollment.The authors sought to assess the rates, reasons, and predictors of GDMT intolerance in the COAPT trial.Baseline use, dose, and intolerances of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) were analyzed in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, in whom maximally tolerated doses of these agents as assessed by an independent HF specialist were required before enrollment.A total of 464 patients had LVEF ≤40% and complete medication information. At baseline, 38.8%, 39.4%, and 19.8% of patients tolerated 3, 2, and 1 GDMT classes, respectively (any dose); only 1.9% could not tolerate any GDMT. Beta-blockers were the most frequently tolerated GDMT (93.1%), followed by ACEIs/ARBs/ARNIs (68.5%), and then MRAs (55.0%). Intolerances differed by GDMT class, but hypotension and kidney dysfunction were most common. Goal doses were uncommonly achieved for beta-blockers (32.3%) and ACEIs/ARBs/ARNIs (10.2%) due to intolerances limiting titration. Only 2.2% of patients tolerated goal doses of all 3 GDMT classes.In a contemporary trial population with HF, severe mitral regurgitation, and systematic HF specialist-directed GDMT optimization, most patients had medical intolerances prohibiting 1 or more GDMT classes and achieving goal doses. The specific intolerances noted and methods used for GDMT optimization provide important lessons for the implementation of GDMT optimization in future clinical trials. (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation [The COAPT Trial] [COAPT]; NCT01626079).
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1088.
  •  
1089.
  • Dalziel, J E, et al. (författare)
  • A threonine residue in the M2 region of the beta1 subunit is needed for expression of functional alpha1beta1 GABA(A) receptors.
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - 0014-2999 .- 1879-0712. ; 370:3, s. 345-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although there is a high degree of homology in the M2 transmembrane segments of alpha1 and beta1 subunits, subunit-specific effects were observed in alpha1beta1 GABA(A) receptors expressed in Spodoptera frugipedra (Sf9) cells when the conserved 13' threonine residue in the M2 transmembrane region was mutated to alanine. When threonine 263 (13') was mutated to alanine in the beta1 subunit, high-affinity muscimol binding and the response to GABA were abolished. This did not occur when the threonine 263 (13') was mutated to alanine in the alpha1 subunit, but the rate of desensitisation increased and the effect of bicuculline, a competitive inhibitor, was reduced. The results show differential effects of subunits on receptor function and support a role for M2 in desensitisation.
  •  
1090.
  •  
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