| 51. |
- Arnadottir, Margret, et al.
(author)
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Effects of short-term treatment with corticotropin on the serum apolipoprotein pattern
- 2001
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 61:4, s. 301-306
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has a well-documented cholesterol-lowering effect. Increased uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by HepG2 cells in response to incubation with ACTH has been demonstrated but the precise cholesterol-lowering mechanism has resisted elucidation. Since apolipoproteins are important determinants of lipoprotein metabolism, we sought to extend the knowledge of the effect of ACTH treatment on the serum apolipoprotein (apo) pattern. Twelve healthy individuals and 14 dyslipoproteinemic hemodialysis patients were recruited. The two groups responded similarly to ACTH1-24 at the dose of 1 mg daily for four days. In accordance with previous results, serum concentrations of total cholesterol decreased by 18% and 17%, LDL cholesterol by 25% and 30%, and apo B by 20% and 19%, respectively, while there were no significant changes in the serum concentrations of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo AI. Novel findings were that the serum concentrations of total apo E increased by 48% and 31%, and apo B-associated apo E by 69% and 46%, respectively. Moreover, in the healthy individuals, the serum concentrations of apo CIII did not change in response to ACTH, whereas in the hemodialysis patients, those of apo CIII not associated with apo B increased significantly by 44%. Since apo E binds strongly to the LDL receptor, the present results suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of ACTH may be mediated by facilitated hepatic uptake of apo E-enriched apo B-containing lipoproteins. Thus, the findings stimulate further research.
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| 58. |
- Dallongeville, Jean, et al.
(author)
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Survey of physicians' practices in the control of cardiovascular risk factors : the EURIKA study.
- 2012
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In: European journal of preventive cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4881 .- 2047-4873. ; 19:3, s. 541-550
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To assess the practices of physicians in 12 European countries in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODS: In 2009, 806 physicians from 12 European countries answered a questionnaire, delivered electronically or by post, regarding their assessment of patients with cardiovascular risk factors, and their use of risk calculation tools and clinical practice guidelines (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00882336). Approximately 60 physicians per country were selected (participation rate varied between 3.1% in Sweden and 22.8% in Turkey).RESULTS: Among participating physicians, 85.2% reported using at least one clinical guideline for CVD prevention. The most popular were the ESC guidelines (55.1%). Reasons for not using guidelines included: the wide choice available (47.1%), time constraints (33.3%), lack of awareness of guidelines (27.5%), and perception that guidelines are unrealistic (23.5%). Among all physicians, 68.5% reported using global risk calculation tools. Written charts were the preferred method (69.4%) and the most commonly used was the SCORE equation (35.4%). Reasons for not using equations included time constraints (59.8%), not being convinced of their usefulness (21.7%) and lack of awareness (19.7%). Most physicians (70.8%) believed that global risk-equations have limitations; 89.8% that equations overlook important risk factors, and 66.5% that they could not be used in elderly patients. Only 46.4% of physicians stated that their local healthcare framework was sufficient for primary prevention of CVD, while 67.2% stated that it was sufficient for secondary prevention of CVD.CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of physicians reported using clinical guidelines for primary CVD prevention. However, time constraints, lack of perceived usefulness and inadequate knowledge were common reasons for not using CVD prevention guidelines or global CVD risk assessment tools.
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| 59. |
- DeHenauw, Stefaan, et al.
(author)
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Nutritional status and lifestyle of adolescents from a public health perspective. The HELENA Project - Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence.
- 2007
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In: Journal of Public Health. ; 15:3, s. 187-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The HELENA Project—Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence—is a European, collaborative research project financed by the EU Sixth Framework Programme in the area of nutrition-related adolescent health. The basic objective of the HELENA project is to obtain reliable and comparable data from a random sample of European adolescents (boys and girls aged 13–16 years) on a broad battery of relevant nutrition and health-related parameters: dietary intake, food choices and preferences, anthropometry, serum indicators of lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, vitamin and mineral status, immunological markers, physical activity, fitness and genetic markers. The HELENA project is conceived as a scientific construction with four complementary sub-studies that are elaborated through 14 well-defined work packages. Sub-studies are focused, respectively, on “a cross-sectional description of lifestyles and indicators of nutritional status (HELENA-CSS)”, “a lifestyle education intervention programme (HELENA-LSEI), “a metabolic study with cross-over design (HELENA-COMS)” and a “study on behaviour, food preferences and food development” (HELENA-BEFO). The project unites 20 research centres from 10 European countries. In addition, the consortium comprises five SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) that are actively involved in the research activities. The core of the HELENA project study material is an overall European cohort of 3,000 adolescents, equally recruited in ten cities from nine countries. Standardization of methods among partners is a key issue in the project and is obtained through the development of standard protocols, training sessions, validation sub-studies and pilot projects. Health-related problems have a tendency to evolve in cycles, with ever new problems emerging in ever new contexts that call for appropriate and tailored actions. The HELENA project is expected to offer essential elements for use in the overall machinery of required public health nutrition cycles. It is of the greatest importance for its results to prove useful that it can communicate with other initiatives on the level of science and society.
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| 60. |
- Fall, Tove, et al.
(author)
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Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors
- 2015
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 64:5, s. 1841-1852
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (P = 2.8 × 10(-107)) and stratified analyses (all P < 3.3 × 10(-30)). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the <55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (P for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the <55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.
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