| 41. |
- Språngberg, A, et al.
(författare)
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SBU. Godartad prostataförstoring med avflödeshinder. En systematisk litteraturöversikt : Godartad prostataförstoring med avflödeshinder
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Slutsatser Godartad prostataförstoring (benign prostatahyperplasi, BPH) är ett vanligt tillstånd som med stigande ålder drabbar i princip alla män. En del av dessa män får urineringsproblem och cirka 4 500 opereras varje år för en förstorad prostata. Många med lindrigare besvär behandlas med läkemedel eller behöver ingen behandling alls. Avflödeshinder kan obehandlat ge allvarlig urinretention som skadar njurarna, och en urinstämma kan vara livshotande. För att avgränsa den grupp av män där problemen med urineringen beror på en förstorad prostata används ett tiotal olika diagnostiska metoder. När det gäller behandling finns det flera olika kirurgiska metoder, varav några är väl etablerade och andra av mer experimentell karaktär. Under 1990-talet har också flera läkemedel introducerats. SBU har därför bedömt att det funnits ett behov av att göra en systematisk genomgång av den vetenskapliga grunden för dessa olika metoder. Nedan följer de viktigaste slutsatserna av arbetet.
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| 42. |
- Vasan, S K, et al.
(författare)
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A common variant in the FTO locus is associated with waist-hip ratio in Indian adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:3, s. e45-e49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Common variants in the FTO locus, and near MC4R locus, have been shown to have a robust association with obesity in children and adults among various ethnic groups. Associations with obesity traits among Indian adolescents have not been determined.OBJECTIVE: To study the association of rs9939609 (FTO) and rs17782313 (MC4R) to obesity related anthropometric traits in Indian adolescents.METHODS: Subjects for the current study were recruited from a cross-sectional cohort of 1,230 adolescents (age mean ± SD: 17.1 ± 1.9 years) from South India.RESULTS: The variant at the FTO locus was found to be associated with waist-hip ratio (WHR) but not with overall obesity in this population. No significant association was observed for obesity-traits and Mc4R variant rs17782313.CONCLUSION: The common variant of FTO (rs9939609) is associated with body fat distribution during early growth in Indian adolescents and may predispose to obesity and metabolic consequences in adulthood.
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| 43. |
- Vasan, Senthil K, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of variants in FTO and near MC4R with obesity traits in South Asian Indians
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 20:11, s. 2268-2277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent genome-wide association studies show that loci in FTO and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) associate with obesity-related traits. Outside Western populations the associations between these variants have not always been consistent and in Indians it has been suggested that FTO relates to diabetes without an obvious intermediary obesity phenotype. We investigated the association between genetic variants in FTO (rs9939609) and near MC4R (rs17782313) with obesity- and type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-related traits in a longitudinal birth cohort of 2,151 healthy individuals from the Vellore birth cohort in South India. The FTO locus displayed significant associations with several conventional obesity-related anthropometric traits. The per allele increase is about 1% for BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-hip ratio. Consistent associations were observed for adipose tissue-specific measurements such as skinfold thickness reinforcing the association with obesity-related traits. Obesity associations for the MC4R locus were weak or nonsignificant but a signal for height (P < 0.001) was observed. The effect on obesity-related traits for FTO was seen in adulthood, but not at younger ages. The loci also showed nominal associations with increased blood glucose but these associations were lost on BMI adjustment. The effect of FTO on obesity-related traits was driven by an urban environmental influence. We conclude that rs9939609 variant in the FTO locus is associated with measures of adiposity and metabolic consequences in South Indians with an enhanced effect associated with urban living. The detection of these associations in Indians is challenging because conventional anthropometric obesity measures work poorly in the Indian "thin-fat" phenotype.
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| 44. |
- Vasan, Senthil K., et al.
(författare)
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FTO Genetic Variants and Risk of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes : A Meta-Analysis of 28,394 Indians
- 2014
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 22:3, s. 964-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the magnitude of association of FTO variants with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and related traits among Asian Indians. Methods: Random-effect meta-analysis was performed on pooled data from eight studies (n=28,394) for obesity and related traits and six studies (n=24,987) for assessment of T2DM risk in Indians where FTO variants were reported. Results: The minor A-allele of the FTO variant rs9939609 was associated with increased risk of obesity (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.21, p=2.14 3 10 25), BMI (b=0.30 kg/m 2, 95% CI 0.21-0.38, p=4.78 3 10211) and other regional adiposity measurements [waist (b50.74 cm, 95% CI 0.49-0.99), HC (b=0.52, 95% CI 0.26-0.78), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (b50.002, 95% CI 0.001-0.004)] in Indians (p = 0.001). An increased risk for T2DM (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.04-1.19, p=0.002) was observed, which attenuated when adjusted for age, gender, and BMI (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.16, p=0.01). Conclusions: Our study provides evidence of association between common FTO variant and obesity risk among Indians with comparable effect sizes as in Caucasians. The attenuation of FTO-T2DM risk on BMI adjustment reinforces that BMI does not fully account for the adiposity effects among Asian Indians who are more centrally obese.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Williamson, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study and functional characterization identifies candidate genes for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:6, s. 973-983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distinct tissue-specific mechanisms mediate insulin action in fasting and postprandial states. Previous genetic studies have largely focused on insulin resistance in the fasting state, where hepatic insulin action dominates. Here we studied genetic variants influencing insulin levels measured 2 h after a glucose challenge in >55,000 participants from three ancestry groups. We identified ten new loci (P < 5 × 10-8) not previously associated with postchallenge insulin resistance, eight of which were shown to share their genetic architecture with type 2 diabetes in colocalization analyses. We investigated candidate genes at a subset of associated loci in cultured cells and identified nine candidate genes newly implicated in the expression or trafficking of GLUT4, the key glucose transporter in postprandial glucose uptake in muscle and fat. By focusing on postprandial insulin resistance, we highlighted the mechanisms of action at type 2 diabetes loci that are not adequately captured by studies of fasting glycemic traits.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Beck, R., et al.
(författare)
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GPSDTN : Predictive velocity-enabled delay-tolerant networks for arctic research and sustainability
- 2007
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Ingår i: Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (ICIMP 2007). - Los Alamitos, Calif : IEEE Computer Society Press. - 9780769529110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) is a necessity for communication nodes that may need to wait for long periods to form networks. The IETF Delay Tolerant Network Research Group is developing protocols to enable such networks for a broad variety of Earth and interplanetary applications. The Arctic would benefit from a predictive velocity-enabled version of DTN that would facilitate communications between sparse, ephemeral, often mobile and extremely power-limited nodes. We propose to augment DTN with power-aware, buffer-aware location- and time-based predictive routing for ad-hoc meshes to create networks that are inherently location and time (velocity) aware at the network level to support climate research, emergency services and rural education in the Arctic. On Earth, the primary source of location and universal time information for networks is the Global Positioning System (GPS). We refer to this Arctic velocity-enabled Delay-Tolerant Network protocol as "GPSDTN" accordingly. This paper describes our requirements analysis and general implementation strategy for GPSDTN to support Arctic research and sustainability efforts
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| 50. |
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