| 51. |
- Lima, Raquel B., et al.
(författare)
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Direct lignin fuel cell for power generation
- 2011
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Ingår i: 16th International Symposium on Wood, Fiber and Pulping Chemistry. ; , s. 257-262
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin, the second most abundant component after cellulose in biomass, has been examined in this study as a fuel for a direct conversion into electricity using direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC). Two different types of industrial lignins were investigated: lignosulphonate (LS) and kraft lignin (KL), either directly in their commercial forms, after their blending with commercial active carbon (AC) or after alternation of their structures by a pH adjustment to pH 10. It has been found that the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the DCFC could reach around 0.7 V in most of the trials. Addition of active carbon increased the maximum current density from 43∼57 to 85∼101 mA/cm 2. The pH adjustment not only increased the maximum current density but also reduced the differences between the two types of lignins, resulting in an OCV of 0.680-0.699 V and a maximum current density of 74∼79 mA/cm 2 from both lignins. Typical power density was 12 (for KL +AC) and 24 mW cm -2 (for LS +AC). It has been concluded that a direct lignin fuel cell is feasible and the lignin hydrophilicity is critical for the cell performance.
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| 52. |
- Liu, Qinghua, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced electrolyte-free fuel cells based on functional nanocomposites of a single porous component : analysis, modeling and validation
- 2012
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 2:21, s. 8036-8040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, a fuel cell device constructed with only one layer composited of ceria-based nanocomposites (typically, lithium nickel oxide and gadolinium doped ceria (LiNiO2-GDC) composite materials), called an electrolyte-free fuel cell (EFFC), was realized for energy conversion by Zhu et al. The maxium power density of this single-component fuel cell is 450 mW cm(-2) at 550 degrees C when using hydrogen fuel. In this study, a model was developed to evaluate the performance of an EFFC. The kinetics of anodic and cathodic reactions were modeled based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results show that both of the anodic and cathodic reactions are kinetically fast processes at 500 degrees C. Safety issues of an EFFC using oxidant and fuels at the same time without a gas-tight separator were analyzed under open circuit and normal operation states, respectively. The reaction depth of anodic and cathodic processes dominated the competition between surface electrochemical and gas-phase reactions which were effected by the catalytic activity and porosity of the materials. The voltage and power output of an EFFC were calculated based on the model and compared with the experimental results.
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| 53. |
- Liu, Yanyan, et al.
(författare)
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Superionic Conductivity of Sm3+, Pr3+, and Nd3+ Triple-Doped Ceria through Bulk and Surface Two-Step Doping Approach
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:28, s. 23614-23623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sufficiently high oxygen ion conductivity of electrolyte is critical for good performance of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). Notably, material conductivity, reliability, and manufacturing cost are the major barriers hindering LT-SOFC commercialization. Generally, surface properties control the physical and chemical functionalities of materials. Hereby, we report a Sm3+, Pr3+, and Nd3+ triple-doped ceria, exhibiting the highest ionic conductivity among reported doped-ceria oxides, 0.125 S cm(-1) at 600 degrees C. It was designed using a two-step wet-chemical coprecipitation method to realize a desired doping for Sm3+ at the bulk and Pr3+/Nd3+ at surface domains (abbreviated as PNSDC). The redox couple Pr3+ Pr4+ contributes to the extraordinary ionic conductivity. Moreover, the mechanism for ionic conductivity enhancement is demonstrated. The above findings reveal that a joint bulk and surface doping methodology for ceria is a feasible approach to develop new oxide-ion conductors with high impacts on advanced LT-SOFCs.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Luo, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative Radiotherapy Decision-Tree for Rectal Cancer Patients: A Real-World Analysis Based on the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical colorectal cancer. - : CIG MEDIA GROUP, LP. - 1533-0028. ; 22:3, s. 280-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are 3 widely used preoperative radiotherapy (RT) procedures in rectal cancer treatment including long course RT (LRT), short-course RT with delayed surgery (SRTW), and short-course RT with immediate surgery (SRT), without solid evidence to clarify which is best in terms of patient survival. We assessed 7766 rectal cancer patients from the Swedish Registry with adjusted confounding factors, showing that single RT procedure was suitable for all the patients. These RT procedures showed different effects on survival of the patients with various age and clinical stage, and therefore the more tailored RT strategy for rectal cancer patients should based on these predictive factors. Background: There are 3 widely used preoperative radiotherapy (RT) procedures in rectal cancer treatment including long-course RT (LRT), short-course RT with delayed surgery (SRTW), and short-course RT with immediate surgery (SRT). However, further evidence is required to determine which treatment option results in more optimal patient survival. Methods: This Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry-based retrospective study of real-world data included 7766 stage I-III rectal cancer patients, of which 2982, 1089, 763, and 2932 patients received no RT (NRT), LRT, SRTW, and SRT, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier sur vival cur ve and Cox proportional hazard multivariate model were used to identify potential risk factors and to examine the independent association of RT with patient survival after adjusting for baseline confounding factors. Results: RT effects on survival differed by age and clinical T stage (cT) subgroups. Subsequent survival analysis by age and cT subgroups confirmed that patients >70 years old with cT4 benefited from any RT ( P < .001, NRT as reference) and equally from any RT ( P > .05 pairwise between RTs). In contrast, for cT3 patients =70 years, SRT and LRT were associated with better survival than SRTW ( P < .001). In patients < 70 years, LRT and SRTW had superior survival benefits in cT4 patients but inferior to SRT ( P < .001); SRT was the only effective treatment in the cT3N+ subgroup ( P = .032); patients with cT3N0 and < 70 years did not benefit from any RT. Conclusion: This study suggests that preoperative RT strategies may have varying effects on the survival of rectal cancer patients, depending on their age and clinical stage.
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| 56. |
- Ma, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Study on GDC-KZnAl composite electrolytes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 39:30, s. 17460-17465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LTSOFC) is now becoming a mainstream research direction worldwide. The advancement in the effective electrolyte materials has been one of the major challenges for LTSOFC development. To further improve the performance of electrolyte, composite approaches are considered as common strategies. The enhancement on ionic conductivity or sintering behavior ceria-based electrolyte can either be done by adding a carbonate phase to facilitate the utilization of the ionic-conducting interfaces, or by addition of alumina as insulator to reduce the electronic conduction of ceria. Thus the present report aims to design a composite electrolyte materials by combining the above two composite approaches, in order to enhance the ionic conductivity and to improve the long-term stability simultaneously. Here we report the preparation and investigation of GDC-KAlZn materials with composition of Gd doped ceria, K2CO3, ZnO and Al2O3. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, etc. The ionic conductivity of GDC-KAlZn sample was determined by impedance spectroscopy. The composite samples with various weight ratio of GDC and KAlZn were used as electrolyte material to fabricate and evaluate fuel cells as well as investigate the composition dependent properties. The good ionic conductivity and notable fuel cell performance of 480 mW cm(-2) at 550 degrees C has demonstrated that GDC-KAlZn composite electrolyte can be regarded as a potential electrolyte material for LTSOFCs.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Pecunia, Vincenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap on energy harvesting materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7639. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
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| 59. |
- Pham, Tuan D., et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence fusion for predicting survival of rectal cancer patients using immunohistochemical expression of Ras homolog family member B in biopsy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy. - : Open Exploration Publishing. - 2692-3114. ; 4:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The process of biomarker discovery is being accelerated with the application of artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning. Biomarkers of diseases are useful because they are indicators of pathogenesis or measures of responses to therapeutic treatments, and therefore, play a key role in new drug development. Proteins are among the candidates for biomarkers of rectal cancer, which need to be explored using state-of-the-art AI to be utilized for prediction, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment. This paper aims to investigate the predictive power of Ras homolog family member B (RhoB) protein in rectal cancer.Methods: This study introduces the integration of pretrained convolutional neural networks and support vector machines (SVMs) for classifying biopsy samples of immunohistochemical expression of protein RhoB in rectal-cancer patients to validate its biologic measure in biopsy. Features of the immunohistochemical expression images were extracted by the pretrained networks and used for binary classification by the SVMs into two groups of less and more than 5-year survival rates.Results: The fusion of neural search architecture network (NASNet)-Large for deep-layer feature extraction and classifier using SVMs provided the best average classification performance with a total accuracy = 85%, prediction of survival rate of more than 5 years = 90%, and prediction of survival rate of less than 5 years = 75%.Conclusions: The finding obtained from the use of AI reported in this study suggest that RhoB expression on rectal-cancer biopsy can be potentially used as a biomarker for predicting survival outcomes in rectal-cancer patients, which can be informative for clinical decision making if the patient would be recommended for preoperative therapy.
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| 60. |
- Pham, Tuan D., et al.
(författare)
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Classification of IHC Images of NATs With ResNet-FRP-LSTM for Predicting Survival Rates of Rectal Cancer Patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2168-2372. ; 11, s. 87-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Over a decade, tissues dissected adjacent to primary tumors have been considered "normal " or healthy samples (NATs). However, NATs have recently been discovered to be distinct from both tumorous and normal tissues. The ability to predict the survival rate of cancer patients using NATs can open a new door to selecting optimal treatments for cancer and discovering biomarkers. Methods: This paper introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) approach that uses NATs for predicting the 5-year survival of pre-operative radiotherapy patients with rectal cancer. The new approach combines pre-trained deep learning, nonlinear dynamics, and long short-term memory to classify immunohistochemical images of RhoB protein expression on NATs. Results: Ten-fold cross-validation results show 88% accuracy of prediction obtained from the new approach, which is also higher than those provided from baseline methods. Conclusion: Preliminary results not only add objective evidence to recent findings of NATs molecular characteristics using state-of-the-art AI methods, but also contribute to the discovery of RhoB expression on NATs in rectal-cancer patients. Clinical impact: The ability to predict the survival rate of cancer patients is extremely important for clinical decision-making. The proposed AI tool is promising for assisting oncologists in their treatments of rectal cancer patients.
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