| 41. |
- Ghaderi, Ata, et al.
(författare)
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Anonymous Online Survey on Disordered Eating, Drive for Muscularity, Sexual Orientation, and Satisfaction with Life in Young Swedish Males
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of Sexual Behavior. - : Springer. - 0004-0002 .- 1573-2800. ; 51, s. 3457-3465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychiatric conditions in general, including eating disorders, are stigmatizing conditions. The stigma of eating disorders is even more pronounced among males. We conducted an anonymous, online survey to explore the feasibility of recruiting participants for collecting sensitive information, and the relation among eating disorders, drive for muscularity, satisfaction with life, and sexual preference in males (N = 824) aged 15-30 years in Sweden. Internet survey method was a feasible way of recruiting males and obtaining sensitive information. Drive for muscularity was positively related to eating psychopathology. Interestingly, only the attitudinal aspect of the drive for muscularity was negatively related to satisfaction with life, whereas the behavioral component of the drive for muscularity was unrelated to quality of life. Drive for muscularity and disordered eating were not significantly different across participants with various sexual orientations. Our findings corroborate and extend previous research by using an anonymous Internet-based survey that may be less contaminated by social desirability or reporting bias due to the sensitivity of some of the questions.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Ghaderi, Ata, et al.
(författare)
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Coping in dieting and eating disorders : A population-based study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 188:5, s. 273-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of different coping strategies, measured by the Ways of Coping Questionnaire was investigated among 1157 women (18 to 30 years), randomly selected from the general population of Sweden as part of a longitudinal study. Subjects were clustered into five groups: subjects with past or current eating disorders (ED), and subjects with no ED but with past, current, or no history of dieting. Subjects with past or current ED reported significantly higher levels of escape avoidance and lower levels of seeking social support and purposeful problem solving compared with subjects with neither ED nor dieting. These group comparisons were then reanalyzed with sum of depressive symptoms as a covariate in covariate analyses. The only significant difference between the groups concerned the use of escape avoidance. The significant differences in the use of escape-avoidance strategies may motivate more extensive training in coping in the context of prevention and treatment of ED and maladaptive dieting.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Ghaderi, Ata
(författare)
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Eating disorders : Prevalence, incidence, and prospective risk factors for eating disorders among young adult women in the general population
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eating disorders (ED) constitute a significant source of psychiatric morbidity and are an important public health concern in Western societies. Knowledge about risk factors for ED is crucial for early detection and implementation of preventive interventions. The aim of the present thesis was to examine the prevalence, incidence, correlates, and the risk factors for ED among 1,157 young adult women in the general population. The studies in the thesis used a prospective design with the potential of addressing methodological limitations in earlier research.In Study I, conducted in 1997, the lifetime and point prevalence of DSM-IV-based diagnoses of ED was, respectively, 7.85% and 2.59%. Participants with ED reported higher body dissatisfaction, lower perceived social support from the family, and lower self-esteem compared to participants with no ED. In Study II, it was shown that highest relative use of escape-avoidance coping was reported among participants with ED, followed by dieting participants with no ED, and least among those neither dieting nor with ED. In Study III, (i.e., the follow-up in 1999), the point prevalence of ED was 3.15% and the cumulative 2-year first time incidence was .0105 (n=8). The total incidence group (n=34), as compared to the participants with no ED (controls, n=643), reported significantly lower premorbid self-esteem, and perceived social support from the family and higher body dissatisfaction, higher relative use of escape-avoidance coping, and dieting. Furthermore, the incidence group reported a significant increase in body dissatisfaction and relative use of escape-avoidance coping, and a significant decrease in self-esteem as compared to controls from 1997 to 1999. In Study IV, it was shown that the Survey for Eating Disorders is a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire for the screening of ED and case ascertainment. In conclusion, it is suggested that premorbid low self-esteem, perceived low social support, high body dissatisfaction, high relative use of escape-avoidance coping, and dieting be regarded as risk factors for a later development of ED among young adult women. It is also proposed that more attention be devoted to these factors both in designing prevention interventions and in refining current treatments.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Ghaderi, Ata, et al.
(författare)
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Imagery Rescripting for Reducing Body Image Dissatisfaction : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cognitive Therapy and Research. - : Springer. - 0147-5916 .- 1573-2819. ; 46:4, s. 721-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Brief, innovative, mechanistically-driven psychological treatments for body dissatisfaction are needed. We aimed to explore the occurrence of body-related mental images among females reporting a subjective sense of body dissatisfaction (study 1), and to investigate the potential efficacy of a single session of imagery rescripting (ImRS) to reduce body dissatisfaction (Study 2: pilot; Study 3 randomized controlled trial). Methods and Results In study 1 (n = 31), participants reported occurrence of both positive and negative body-related mental imagery. Frequency of body-related mental imagery and negative valence of such images were significantly related to body dissatisfaction. The pilot trial (n = 63) indicated feasibility, whereby ImRS of a distressing body-related mental image significantly reduced the believability, vividness, negative affect and distress of the image within-session and one-week post-session versus an active placebo condition (Expressive writing about body related thoughts and emotions). However, ImRS did not result in significant changes in body dissatisfaction. Study 3 was a randomized controlled trial (n = 113) with 3 conditions-ImRS, Expressive writing, and wait-list control. ImRS resulted in a significant reduction of vividness, controllability and negative affect caused by the image compared to Expressive writing condition, after the intervention. However, there were no significant reductions in body dissatisfaction from baseline to 1-week assessment, nor in post-hoc analyses at the 1-month follow-up. Findings suggest that a single session of imagery rescripting seems to alleviate the negative properties of the image (i.e., has proximal effects as hypothesized in our mechanistic account), but does not bring about a significant change in body dissatisfaction (i.e., transfer downstream to more distal effects). Conclusions Given some promising effects of ImRS on negative body-related emotions, but lack of a downstream effect on body dissatisfaction itself, further investigation of the format, dose and focus of ImRS in this context is warranted.
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