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| 13. |
- Demir, Pelsin, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Refractive error, axial length, environmental and hereditary factors associated with myopia in Swedish children
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental optometry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0816-4622 .- 1444-0938. ; 104:5, s. 595-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical relevance: Investigation of refractive errors amongst Swedish schoolchildren will help identify risk factors associated with myopia development.Background: Genetic and hereditary aspects have been linked with the development of myopia. Nevertheless, in the case of ‘school myopia’ some authors suggest that environmental factors may affect gene expression, causing school myopia to soar. Additional understanding about which environmental factors play a relevant role can be gained by studying refractive errors in countries like Sweden, where prevalence of myopia is expected to be low.Methods: Swedish schoolchildren aged 8-16 years were invited to participate. Participants underwent an eye examination, including cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL) measurements. Predictors such as time spent in near work, outdoor activities and parental myopia were obtained using a questionnaire. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ −0.50D and hyperopia as SER ≥ +0.75D.Results: A total of 128 children (70 females and 58 males) participated in this study with mean age of 12.0 years (SD = 2.4). Based on cycloplegic SER of the right eye, the distribution of refractive errors was: hyperopia 48.0% (CI95 = 38.8-56.7), emmetropia 42.0% (CI95 = 33.5-51.2) and myopia 10.0%. (CI95 = 4.4-14.9). The mean AL was 23.1 mm (SD = 0.86), there was a correlation between SER and AL, r = −0.65 (p < 0.001). Participants with two myopic parents had higher myopia and increased axial length than those with one or no myopic parents. The mean time spent in near work, outside of school, was 5.3 hours-per-day (SD = 3.1), and mean outdoor time reported was 2.6 hours-per-day (SD = 2.2) for all the participants. The time spent in near work and outdoor time were different for different refractive error categories.Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia amongst Swedish schoolchildren is low. Hereditary and environmental factors are associated with refractive error categories. Further studies with this sample are warranted to investigate how refractive errors and environmental factors interact over time.
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| 15. |
- Edman, Maria C, et al.
(författare)
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Functional expression of the adenosine A1 receptor in rabbit lacrimal gland.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Experimental eye research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4835. ; 86:1, s. 110-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has become increasingly clear that purine compounds play a mediator role in exocrine secretion. Therefore, the present study was aimed at examining the presence of the adenosine A1 receptor in rabbit lacrimal gland and to evaluate the role of the A1 receptor in regulated secretion. The expression of the A1 receptor was investigated with reverse transcriptase PCR, cyto- and histochemistry as well as with pharmacological methods. Acinar cells were isolated, cultured in a serum-free medium for 2 days and thereafter treated with purinergic agonists/antagonists and/or carbachol and VIP. Secretory response was assessed by measuring secreted beta-hexosaminidase enzymatic activity. Microscopical evaluation of the immunocyto- and histochemistry specimens indicated that the adenosine A1 receptor is expressed in the rabbit lacrimal gland, which was also supported by reverse transcriptase PCR resulting in a sequence 100% identical with the previously published sequence for the rabbit A1 receptor gene. Incubation of acinar cells with adenosine and the A1 specific agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) resulted in a fourfold increase of secretion at the determined optimal concentrations. Incubation with carbachol alone resulted in a 10- to 15-fold increase. Carbachol combined with either adenosine or CPA increased the secretion 20-fold or more, demonstrating a synergistic effect. Our data provides evidence for the presence of adenosine A1 receptors in both tissue and cultured cells. Even though adenosine and CPA alone had only a moderate effect on secretion, the observed synergistic effect with carbachol suggests a modulatory role for the adenosine A1 receptor in the lacrimal gland.
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| 18. |
- Ekblad, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Purification of rabbit lacrimal gland plasma membranes by aqueous two-phase affinity partitioning
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography. B. - 1387-2273. ; 743:1-2, s. 397-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the purification of lacrimal gland plasma membranes by affinity partitioning using a two-phase system containing polyethylene glycol and dextran in which wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to dextran is used as affinity ligand. When partitioning a microsomal fraction, the plasma membrane marker 5'-nucleotidase was obtained in the affinity ligand-containing bottom phase, whereas the endoplasmic reticulum marker NADH-ferricyanide reductase remained in the top phase. The affinity partitioning behaviour of components involved in exocytosis and cellular signalling was also examined.
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