| 21. |
- Kirkeleit, Jorunn, et al.
(författare)
-
Early life origins of lung ageing : A study of lung function decline the ECRHS and NFBC1966 cohorts
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : ERS Publications. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To determine whether early life factors associated with poor lung growth and submaximal attained lung function contribute to accelerated lung function decline later in life.Methods: Participants in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) with lung function measured in a first (n=10,971), second (n=7,981) and third wave (n=4,849), aged 20 – 68 years, were included. Mean annual decline in maximum forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were main outcomes. Information on early life factors was provided by standardized interviews and questionnaires. We estimated the effect of early life factors including maternal age, parental smoking, season of birth, parental asthma and respiratory infections using mixed effects models, adjusted for age, FEV1 and FVC at baseline, height, and smoking habits.Results: Decline in FEV1 was accelerated in women born of a mother with asthma (β = 2.4 ml; 95% CI 0.6-4.3) or who smoked during pregnancy (1.9; 0.2-3.6), and in men having a father with asthma (3.5; 0.2-6.9) or born by Cesarean section (7.9; 1.6-14.2). Accelerated decline in FVC was associated with paternal asthma in men (4.3; 0.1-8.5) and early menarche (<12 years) in women (2.4; 0.4-4.4). No statistically significant effect on lung function decline was found for other investigated early life factors.Conclusion: Early life risk factors contribute to an accelerated lung function decline with ageing, following sex-specific patterns. Decline in FEV1 versus FVC showed slightly different patterns.
|
|
| 22. |
- Kisiel, Marta A., 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between abdominal and general obesity and respiratory symptoms, asthma and COPD : Results from the RHINE study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionPrevious studies on the association between abdominal and general obesity and respiratory disease have provided conflicting results.Aims and objectivesWe aimed to explore the associations of abdominal obesity with respiratory symptoms, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease independently from general obesity in women and men.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) III questionnaire (n = 12 290) conducted in 2010–2012. Abdominal obesity was self-measured waist circumference using a sex-specific standard cut-off point: ≥102 cm in males and ≥88 cm in females. General obesity was defined as self-reported BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2.ResultsThere were 4261 subjects (63% women) with abdominal obesity and 1837 subjects (50% women) with general obesity. Both abdominal and general obesity was independent of each other and associated with respiratory symptoms (odds ratio (OR) from 1.25 to 2.00)). Asthma was significantly associated with abdominal and general obesity in women, OR (95% CI) 1.56 (1.30–1.87) and 1.95 (1.56–2.43), respectively, but not in men, OR 1.22 (0.97–3.17) and 1.28 (0.97–1.68) respectively. A similar sex difference was found for self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionsGeneral and abdominal obesity were independent factors associated with respiratory symptoms in adults. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were independently linked to abdominal and general obesity in women but not men.
|
|
| 23. |
- Leynaert, Benedicte, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender differences in prevalence, diagnosis and incidence of allergic and non-allergic asthma : a population-based cohort
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 67:7, s. 625-631
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Although women with severe non-allergic asthma may represent a substantial proportion of adults with asthma in clinical practice, gender differences in the incidence of allergic and non-allergic asthma have been little investigated in the general population. Methods Gender differences in asthma prevalence, reported diagnosis and incidence were investigated in 9091 men and women randomly selected from the general population and followed up after 8-10 years as part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. The protocol included assessment of bronchial responsiveness, IgE specific to four common allergens and skin tests to nine allergens. Results Asthma was 20% more frequent in women than in men over the age of 35 years. Possible under-diagnosis of asthma appeared to be particularly frequent among non-atopic individuals, but was as frequent in women as in men. The follow-up of subjects without asthma at baseline showed a higher incidence of asthma in women than in men (HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.40 to 2.68), which was not explained by differences in smoking, obesity or lung function. More than 60% of women and 30% of men with new-onset asthma were non-atopic. The incidence of non-allergic asthma was higher in women than in men throughout all the reproductive years (HR 3.51; 95% CI 2.21 to 5.58), whereas no gender difference was observed for the incidence of allergic asthma. Conclusions This study shows that female sex is an independent risk factor for non-allergic asthma, and stresses the need for more careful assessment of possible non-allergic asthma in clinical practice, in men and women.
|
|
| 24. |
- Lindberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep time and sleep-related symptoms across two generations - results of the community-based RHINE and RHINESSA studies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 69, s. 8-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objectives: To analyze the association between sleep-related symptoms and sleep length in parents and their children in relation to other risk factors in both generations. Method: The participants were parents (n = 5,855, age 54.3 +/- 6.5 years, 45.2% men) who participated in the community-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study and one random member of their adult offspring (n = 5,855, age 30.2 +/- 7.7 years, 41.5% men) who participated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) study. Both generations responded to identical questionnaires on sleep symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), snoring, nocturnal sweating, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER), sleep time and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Insomnia was defined as either, or both, DIS and DMS in combination with EDS. Results: All sleep variables except nocturnal sweating were more common in offspring whose parents had reported the same symptom. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, center and parents' total number of children, there were independent associations between sleep symptoms in parents and offspring for DIS (adj. OR, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.20-1.93), DMS (1.34, 1.15-1.56), snoring (1.45, 1.15,1.83), nGER (1.65, 1.15-2.37), insomnia (1.39, 1.13-1.73), short sleep time (<6 h/night) (2.51, 1.72-3.68) and EDS (1.48, 1.26,1.72). There were no independent relationships between symptoms in parents and offspring for EMA, nocturnal sweating or long sleep time (>9 h/night). Conclusion: The familiar aggregation of many sleep disturbances was not explained by investigated lifestyle and environmental factors. This supports a heritable factor in sleep problems.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lindberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Women with symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing are less likely to be diagnosed and treated for sleep apnea than men
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 35, s. 17-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Women are often underrepresented at sleep clinics evaluating sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The aim of the present study was to analyze gender differences in sleep apnea diagnosis and treatment in men and women with similar symptoms of SDB.Methods: Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) provided information about snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), BMI and somatic diseases at baseline (1999-2001) and follow-up (2010-2012) from 4962 men and 5892 women. At follow-up participants were asked whether they had a diagnosis of and/or treatment for sleep apnea.Results: Among those with symptoms of SDB (snoring and EDS), more men than women had been given the diagnosis of sleep apnea (25% vs. 14%, p < 0.001), any treatment (17% vs. 11%, p = 0.05) and CPAP (6% vs. 3%, p = 0.04) at follow-up. Predictors of receiving treatment were age, BMI, SDB symptoms at baseline and weight gain, while female gender was related to a lower probability of receiving treatment (adj OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.3-0.5). In both genders, the symptoms of SDB increased the risk of developing hypertension (adj OR, 95% CI: 1.5, 1.2-1.8); and diabetes (1.5, 1.05-2.3), independent of age, BMI, smoking and weight gain.Conclusions: Snoring females with daytime sleepiness may be under-diagnosed and under-treated for sleep apnea compared with males, despite running a similar risk of developing hypertension and diabetes.
|
|
| 26. |
- Lonnebotn, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Late Breaking Abstract - Associations of fathers and their offsprings weight gain with non-allergic asthma
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: We found that a father’s overweight in puberty was associated with non-allergic asthma in his future offspring.Aim: We explored the associations of both fathers and their offsprings own weight gain throughout the lifespan with offspring non-allergic asthma.Methods: We analysed questionnaire data from 3018 adult offspring (age 18-50) and their 2153 fathers (age 39-66) participating in the RHINESSA/RHINE generation study in 10 ECRHS centres in North Europe, Spain and Australia. The associations of fathers' and their offsprings weight gain was assessed by 9 body silhouettes (from lean to fat) self-reported for childhood, puberty and adult ages with non-allergic asthma in the offspring. It was analysed using a logistic regression model adjusted for parents and offspring variables, and cluster by family.Results: Non-allergic asthma was related to a weight gain of ≥2 body silhouettes from 8 years to puberty, both for fathers’ weight gain (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.05-2.72; adjusted for fathers asthma, offspring body mass index, smoking and education) and for their offspring weight gain (1.77 [1.12-2.79], adjusted for parents´ education, smoking and asthma, and fathers´ weight gain from age 8 to puberty). If the father was overweight at puberty, in addition to having gained weight, non-allergic asthma in the offspring was more than tripled (3.53[1.80-6.94]; weight gain and adjustment as given above). No effect of weight gain from puberty or within adulthood in fathers’ or their offspring was observed.Conclusion: Non-allergic asthma was associated with weight gain from childhood to puberty. This was found both for personal weight gain and for having a father who gained weight.
|
|
| 27. |
- Lønnebotn, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Body silhouettes as a tool to reflect obesity in the past
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life course data on obesity may enrich the quality of epidemiologic studies analysing health consequences of obesity. However, achieving such data may require substantial resources. We investigated the use of body silhouettes in adults as a tool to reflect obesity in the past. We used large population-based samples to analyse to what extent self-reported body silhouettes correlated with the previously measured (9-23 years) body mass index (BMI) from both measured (European Community Respiratory Health Survey, N = 3 041) and selfreported (Respiratory Health In Northern Europe study, N = 3 410) height and weight. We calculated Spearman correlation between BMI and body silhouettes and ROC-curve analyses for identifying obesity (BMI >= 30) at ages 30 and 45 years. Spearman correlations between measured BMI age 30 (+/- 2y) or 45 (+/- 2y) and body silhouettes in women and men were between 0.62-0.66 and correlations for self-reported BMI were between 0.58-0.70. The area under the curve for identification of obesity at age 30 using body silhouettes vs previously measured BMI at age 30 (+/- 2y) was 0.92 (95% CI 0.87, 0.97) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.75, 0.95) in women and men, respectively; for previously self-reported BMI, 0.92 (95% CI 0.88, 0.95) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.85, 0.96). Our study suggests that body silhouettes are a useful epidemiological tool, enabling retrospective differentiation of obesity and non-obesity in adult women and men.
|
|
| 28. |
- Lønnebotn, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Polycystic ovary syndrome, body mass index and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Pregnancy Hypertension. - : Elsevier. - 2210-7789 .- 2210-7797. ; 11, s. 32-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Some studies of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) report increased prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, while others do not. Several of these studies do not control for obesity. We aimed to study whether PCOS is associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and whether it is dependent on body mass index (BMI).Study design: We present a cross-sectional analysis of 3732 women from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, born in 1945-72, who participated in the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study and answered an extensive women's health questionnaire on menstruation, PCOS, infertility, pregnancy history and childbirth. The main outcome measurement was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We adjusted for smoking, age, infertility treatment and study center. Effect modification by BMI was assessed.Results: PCOS was related to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with a relative risk (RR) of 1.62 (95% CI 1.09-2.42). This relationship was found among underweight women with a BMI of <18.5 kg/m(2) [RR=5.2 (95% CI 1.66-16.5)] and obese women with a BMI of >= 30 kg/m(2) [RR=2.36 (95% CI 1.29-4.31)], but not among normal-weight women, BMI 18.5-25 kg/m(2) [1.08 (0.53-2.20)], or overweight women, BMI 25-30 kg/m(2) [1.24 (0.50-3.08)] (p-interaction=0.041).Conclusion: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. This association only occurs among underweight and obese women and not among normal-weight and slightly overweight women.
|
|
| 29. |
- Løvvik, Tone S., et al.
(författare)
-
Use of metformin to treat pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PregMet2) : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-8587 .- 2213-8595. ; 7:4, s. 256-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Epi-analysis of two previous randomised controlled trials that compared metformin with placebo during pregnancy in women with PCOS showed a significant reduction in late miscarriages and preterm births in the metformin group. The aim of this third randomised trial (PregMet2) was to test the hypothesis that metformin prevents late miscarriage and preterm birth in women with PCOS.Methods: PregMet2 was a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre trial done at 14 hospitals in Norway, Sweden, and Iceland. Singleton pregnant women with PCOS aged 18-45 years were eligible for inclusion. After receiving information about the study at their first antenatal visit or from the internet, women signed up individually to participate in the study. Participants were randomly assigned (1: 1) to receive metformin or placebo by computer-generated random numbers. Randomisation was in blocks of ten for each country and centre; the first block had a random size between one and ten to assure masking. Participants were assigned to receive oral metformin 500 mg twice daily or placebo during the first week of treatment, which increased to 1000 mg twice daily or placebo from week 2 until delivery. Placebo tablets and metformin tablets were identical and participants and study personnel were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the composite incidence of late miscarriage (between week 13 and week 22 and 6 days) and preterm birth (between week 23 and week 36 and 6 days), analysed in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and admission of the neonate to the neonatal intensive care unit. We also did a post-hoc individual participant data analysis of pregnancy outcomes, pooling data from the two previous trials with the present study. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT01587378, and EudraCT, number 2011-002203-15.Findings: The study took place between Oct 19, 2012, and Sept 1, 2017. We randomly assigned 487 women to metformin (n=244) or placebo (n=243). In the intention-to-treat analysis, our composite primary outcome of late miscarriage and preterm birth occurred in 12 (5%) of 238 women in the metformin group and 23 (10%) of 240 women in the placebo group (odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% CI 0.22- 1.08; p = 0.08). We found no significant differences for our secondary endpoints, including incidence of gestational diabetes (60 [25%] of 238 women in the metformin group vs 57 [24%] of 240 women in the placebo group; OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.69-1.66; p=0.75). We noted no substantial between-group differences in serious adverse events in either mothers or offspring, and no serious adverse events were considered drug-related by principal investigators. In the post-hoc pooled analysis of individual participant data from the present trial and two previous trials, 18 (5%) of 397 women had late miscarriage or preterm delivery in the metformin group ]compared with 40 (10%) of 399 women in the placebo group (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.79; p=0.004).Interpretation: In pregnant women with PCOS, metformin treatment from the late first trimester until delivery might reduce the risk of late miscarriage and preterm birth, but does not prevent gestational diabetes.
|
|
| 30. |
- Macsali, Ferenc, et al.
(författare)
-
Early Age at Menarche, Lung Function, and Adult Asthma
- 2011
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 183:1, s. 8-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Hormonal and metabolic status appears to influence lung health in women, and there are findings suggesting that early menarche may be related to asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and breast cancer. Objectives: This study investigates whether age at menarche is related to adult lung function and asthma. Methods: Among participants in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II, 3,354 women aged 27-57 years from random population samples in 21 centers responded to a questionnaire concerning women's health (1998-2002). Of these women, 2,873 had lung function measurements, 2,136 had measurements of bronchial hyperreactivity, and 2,743 had IgE measurements. Logistic, linear, and negative binomial regression analyses included adjustment for age, height, body mass index, education, smoking, family size, and center. Measurements and Main Results: FEV1 and FVC were lower and asthma was more common in women with early menarche. Women reporting menarche at age 10 years or less, as compared with women with menarche at age 13 years (reference category), had lower FEV1 (adjusted difference, -113 ml; 95% confidence interval [CI], -196 to -33 ml) and FVC (-126 ml; 95% CI, -223 to -28 ml); also lower FEV1 expressed as a percentage of the predicted value (-3.28%; 95% CI, -6.25 to -0.30%) and FVC expressed as a percentage of the predicted value (-3.63%; 95% CI, -6.64 to -0.62%). Women with early menarche more often had asthma symptoms (odds ratio, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.09-2.97), asthma with bronchial hyperreactivity (odds ratio, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.06-7.34), and higher asthma symptom score (mean ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.12-2.21). Conclusions: Women with early menarche had lower lung function and more asthma in adulthood. This supports a role for metabolic and hormonal factors in women's respiratory health.
|
|
