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Sökning: WFRF:(Guo X)

  • Resultat 1051-1060 av 1117
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1051.
  • Teo, Kevin, et al. (författare)
  • rs641738C>T near MBOAT7 is associated with liver fat, ALT, and fibrosis in NAFLD: a meta-analysis.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-0641 .- 0168-8278. ; 74:1, s. 20-30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A common genetic variant near MBOAT7 (rs641738C>T) has been previously associated with hepatic fat and advanced histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, these findings have not been consistently replicated in the literature. We aimed to establish whether rs641738C>T is a risk factor across the spectrum of NAFLD and characterize its role in the regulation of related metabolic phenotypes through meta-analysis.We performed meta-analysis of studies with data on the association between rs641738C>T genotype and: liver fat, NAFLD histology, and serum ALT, lipids, or insulin. These included directly genotyped studies and population-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We performed random effects meta-analysis using recessive, additive, and dominant genetic models.Data from 1,066,175 participants (9,688 with liver biopsies) across 42 studies were included in the meta-analysis. rs641738C>T was associated with higher liver fat on CT/MRI (+0.03 standard deviations [95% CI: 0.02 - 0.05], pz=4.8x10-5) and diagnosis of NAFLD (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.05 - 1.3], pz=0.003) in Caucasian adults. The variant was also positively associated with presence of advanced fibrosis (OR 1.22 [95% CI: 1.03 - 1.45], pz=0.021) in Caucasian adults using a recessive model of inheritance (CC+CT vs. TT). Meta-analysis of data from previous GWAS found the variant to be associated with higher ALT (pz=0.002) and lower serum triglycerides (pz=1.5x10-4). rs641738C>T was not associated with fasting insulin and no effect was observed in children with NAFLD.Our study validates rs641738C>T near MBOAT7 as a risk factor for the presence and severity of NAFLD in individuals of European descent.
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1052.
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1053.
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1054.
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1055.
  • Wang, Ailing, et al. (författare)
  • Mildly relativistic motion in the radio-quiet quasar PG 1351+640
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. - 1745-3925 .- 1745-3933. ; 523:1, s. L30-L34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Measuring the proper motion of the emission component in radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) could help to distinguish between the origins of the radio emission and to understand whether the jet production mechanism is the same in radio-loud quasars and RQQs. PG 1351+640 is one of the few RQQs suitable for proper motion studies: it has two compact components on milli-arcsec scales, a flat-spectrum core and a steep-spectrum jet; both components are ≳2 mJy at 5 GHz and are well suited for Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations. We compare recent VLBA observations with that made seventeen years ago and find no significant change in the core-jet separation between 2005 and 2015 (a proper motion of 0.003 mas yr-1). However, the core-jet separation increased significantly between 2015 and 2022, inferring a jet proper motion velocity of 0.063 mas yr-1, which corresponds to an apparent transverse velocity of. The result suggests that the jet of the RQQ PG 1351+640 is mildly relativistic and oriented at a relatively small viewing angle.
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1056.
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1057.
  • Wang, H., et al. (författare)
  • Secondary organic aerosol formation from straw burning using an oxidation flow reactor
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Sciences (China). - : Elsevier BV. - 1001-0742. ; 114, s. 249-258
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Herein, we use an oxidation flow reactor, Gothenburg: Potential Aerosol Mass (Go: PAM) reactor, to investigate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from wheat straw burning. Biomass burning emissions are exposed to high concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) to simulate processes equivalent to atmospheric oxidation of 0-2.55 days. Primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated, and particles were measured before and after the Go: PAM reactor. The influence of water content (i.e. 5% and 11%) in wheat straw was also explored. Two burning stages, the flaming stage, and non-flaming stages, were identified. Primary particle emission factors (EFs) at a water content of 11% (∼3.89 g/kg-fuel) are significantly higher than those at a water content of 5% (∼2.26 g/kg-fuel) during the flaming stage. However, the water content showed no significant influence at the non-flaming stage. EFs of aromatics at a non-flaming stage (321.8±46.2 mg/kg-fuel) are larger than that at a flaming stage (130.9±37.1 mg/kg-fuel). The OA enhancement ratios increased with the increase in OH exposure at first and decreased with the additional increment of OH exposure. The maximum OA enhancement ratio is ∼12 during the non-flaming stages, which is much higher than ∼ 1.7 during the flaming stages. The mass spectrum of the primary wheat burning organic aerosols closely resembles that of resolved biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA) based on measurements in ambient air. Our results show that large gap (∼60%-90%) still remains to estimate biomass burning SOA if only the oxidation of VOCs were included. © 2021
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1058.
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1059.
  • Wang, H. -W, et al. (författare)
  • Electron Dynamics in the Electron Current Sheet During Strong Guide-Field Reconnection
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 50:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, we investigate detailed electron dynamics in strong guide-field reconnection (the normalized guide field is similar to 1.5). This reconnection event is observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft at the center of a flux rope in the magnetotail. With the presence of a large parallel electric field (E-||) in the electron current sheet, electrons are accelerated when streaming into this E-|| region from one direction, and decelerated from the other direction. Some decelerated electrons can reduce the parallel speed to similar to 0 to form relatively isotropic electron distributions at one side of the electron current sheet, as the estimated acceleration potential satisfies the relation e Phi(||) >= kT(e,||), where T-e,T-|| is the electron temperature parallel to the magnetic field. Therefore, a large E-|| is generated to balance the parallel electron pressure gradient across the electron current sheet, since electrons at the other side of the current sheet are still anisotropic. Based on these observations, we further show that the electron beta is an important parameter in guide-field reconnection, providing a new perspective to solve the large parallel electric field puzzle in guide-field reconnection. Plain Language Summary Magnetic reconnection is a universal process that rapidly converts energy from the magnetic field to plasma. The energy conversion at kinetic scales is of particular interest to researchers, as it is directly related to reconnection process in the central diffusion region. In general, the reconnecting magnetic fields do not have to be antiparallel, and an additional magnetic component known as the guide field (B-g) can appear in the direction perpendicular to the reconnecting plane. Recently, observations from Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission show a large electric field parallel to the local magnetic field, which is several times larger than the reconnection electric field, can appear in guide-field reconnection, and impact electrons significantly. However, the generation of this large parallel electric field in strong guide-field reconnection is still not fully understood. In this study, we suggest that the electron beta (ratio of the electron thermal pressure to the magnetic pressure) is an important parameter in guide-field reconnection. Only within some proper electron beta range, a parallel pressure gradient across the electron current sheet can form to balance the large parallel electric field.
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1060.
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