| 31. |
- Xu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
-
Modest U-Shaped Association between Dietary Acid Load and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Adults
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 146:8, s. 1580-1585
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Conflicting evidence associates diet acidity with the incidence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, and bone-mineral disorders. It is currently unknown whether dietary acidity is associated with death. Objective: We investigated the association of dietary acid load with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: We used data from 2 prospective cohorts, the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men, which included 36,740 women and 44,957 men aged 45-84 y at the start of a 15-y follow-up period (1998-2012). Acid load was estimated from food-frequency questionnaires by use of the validated potential renal acid load (PRAL) algorithm. Deaths were ascertained via record linkage. Associations of PRAL with mortality were modeled by use of restricted cubic splines. Results: The median PRAL was 0.65 mEq/d (range: -109 to 81.5 mEq/d) in women and 12.3 mEq/d (-111 to 121 mEq/d) in men. During a mean of 13.5 +/- 3.3 y of follow-up, there were 8576 and 13,332 deaths, of which 3203 and 5427 were attributed to cardiovascular causes in woman and men, respectively. In both sexes, a nonlinear U-shaped relation was observed, with higher mortality rates for both dietary acid and alkali excess. Compared with neutral PRAL (0 mEq/d), the HRs for all-cause mortality for the 10th and 90th percentiles of PRAL were 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.10) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.08), respectively, in women. The corresponding results for men were HRs 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.02) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) respectively. This relation was slightly stronger for CVD mortality. Conclusions: Excess diet alkalinity and acidity both showed weak associations with higher mortality in Swedish adults. An acid-base balanced diet was associated with the lowest mortality, but the magnitude of mortality reduction was modest. The Swedish Mammography Cohort was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127698. The Cohort of Swedish Men was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT01127711.
|
|
| 32. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
-
A Prospective Evaluation of Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Peripheral Artery Disease Risk
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 64:1, s. 83-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the joint associations of multiple modifiable lifestyle factors with the risk of symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) referred to secondary care in the healthy, community based population. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted including 37 633 men from the Cohort of Swedish Men and 31 816 women from the Swedish Mammography Cohort who were free of clinically diagnosed PAD and 45 - 83 years of age at baseline. Healthy lifestyle factors were defined as avoidance of excessive alcohol consumption (<= 2 drinks/day), high adherence to a healthy diet (modified Mediterranean diet score >= 4), moderate to high level of physical activity (>= 30 minutes/day), and never smoking. PAD cases were ascertained by linkage with the Swedish National Patient Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the data. Results: During a mean of 18.1 years of follow up (from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2019), 2 795 incident symptomatic PAD cases were ascertained. All healthy lifestyle factors were associated with a reduced PAD risk. Individuals who adhered to all four healthy lifestyle factors had a 45% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38 - 51) lower risk of PAD compared with the remainder of the population (0 - 3 healthy lifestyle factors) and a 71% (95% CI 61 - 79) lower risk of PAD compared with the group without any healthy lifestyle factor. Adherence to the combination of four healthy lifestyle factors was estimated to prevent 40% (95% CI 34 - 47) of PAD cases. Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle factors were associated with a reduced risk of PAD.
|
|
| 33. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
-
Anti-inflammatory diet and incident peripheral artery disease : Two prospective cohort studies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 41:6, s. 1191-1196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Systemic inflammation plays a role in peripheral artery disease (PAD), and therefore, an anti-inflammatory diet may reduce PAD risk. We examined the association between the antiinflammatory diet and PAD risk by smoking status, a trigger of systemic inflammation. Methods: The study was based on two cohorts of 82 295 Swedish adults aged 45-83 years (38 823 women from Swedish Mammography Cohort and 45 472 men from Cohort of Swedish Men). An antiinflammatory diet index (AIDI; 0-17 scores) was used to estimate the anti-inflammatory potential of diet. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Over a median 22-year (interquartile range 7.5 years) follow-up period, 3413 PAD cases were ascertained. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of the AIDI (score <4), the HR of PAD for those in the highest quartile (score >8) was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74-0.94). The inverse association was observed in current and past smokers but not in never smokers. The HR of PAD comparing extreme quartiles of the AIDI was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.53-0.86) in current smoker, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.97) in past smoker, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.82-1.23) in never smokers. Among foods included in AIDI, high consumption of breakfast cereals, chocolate, red wine, and olive/canola oil, and low consumption of processed red meat and organ meats were associated with low PAD risk. Conclusions: The study suggests that adherence to a diet with high anti-inflammatory potential may lower PAD risk, especially in smokers. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
|
|
| 34. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
-
Lifestyle factors and venous thromboembolism in two cohort studies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 202, s. 119-124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Evidence on the associations of lifestyle factors with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the associations of modifiable lifestyle factors with VTE in women and men. Methods: We used data from two cohorts comprising 30,137 women and 36,193 men aged over 45 years and free of cancer and VTE. Information on lifestyle factors was collected in 1997 via a self-administrated questionnaire. VTE cases were ascertained by linkage with the National Patient Register until the end of 2019. Results: During a mean of 16.9-years follow-up, 1784 women and 2043 men were diagnosed with VTE. Compared with individuals with <10 min/day of physical activity, the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) of VTE were 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58, 0.79) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.92) in women and men with >60 min/day, respectively. Compared with individuals with the lowest adherence to a modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, the multivariable HRs of VTE were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.75, 0.99) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80, 1.00) for women and men with the highest adherence. In women, the multivariable HRs of VTE were 1.16 (95% CI, 1.03, 1.29) for past smoker and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.14, 1.45) for current smoker compared with never smoker. Alcohol and coffee consumption were not associated with VTE. Conclusions: This study suggests that being physically active and adhering to a healthy diet may lower the risk of VTE in women and men. Cigarette smoking was positively associated with VTE in women.
|
|
