| 21. |
- Ramsey, C, et al.
(författare)
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Aire deficient mice develop multiple features of APECED phenotype and showaltered immune response
- 2002
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 11:4, s. 397-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the AIRE gene. Here we have produced knock-out mice for the Aire gene. The Aire-/- mice develop normally; however, autoimmune features of APECED in Aire-/- mice are evident, including multiorgan lymphocytic infiltration, circulating autoantibodies and infertility. The distribution of B and T cells and thymic maturation as well as activation of T cells appear normal, while the TCR-Vbeta repertoire is altered in peripheral T cells of Aire-/- mice. When mice are challenged with immunization, the peripheral T cells of Aire-/- mice have a 3-5-fold increased proliferation. These findings suggest that the Aire gene is not necessary for normal T cell education and development, while a defect in immune response detected in challenged Aire-/- mice underlines the crucial role of AIRE/Aire in maintaining homeostatic regulation in the immune system.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Schleeh, Joel, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Passivation of InGaAs/InAlAs/InP HEMTs using Al2O3 atomic layer deposition
- 2011
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings - International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials. 2011 Compound Semiconductor Week and 23rd International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, CSW/IPRM 2011, Berlin, 22-26 May 2011. - 1092-8669. - 9781457717536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- InGaAs/InAlAs/InP HEMTs (InP HEMTs) passivated by Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) demonstrated improved DC performance compared to Si3N4 plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). DC measurements have been performed on 130 nm gate-length devices before and after passivation. An increase in maximum drain current density of 20% and extrinsic transconductance of 30% were observed after both ALD and PECVD device passivation. In comparison to PECVD passivated InP HEMTs, ALD passivated devices demonstrated a full suppression of a kink in the I-V characteristics associated with surface traps.
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| 25. |
- Schmidt, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Ammonia in breath and emitted from skin
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Breath Research. - : IOP Publishing. - 1752-7155 .- 1752-7163. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ammonia concentrations in exhaled breath (eNH(3)) and skin gas of 20 healthy subjects were measured on-line with a commercial cavity ring-down spectrometer and compared to saliva pH and plasma ammonium ion (NH4+), urea and creatinine concentrations. Special attention was given to mouth, nose and skin sampling procedures and the accurate quantification of ammonia in humid gas samples. The obtained median concentrations were 688 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for mouth-eNH(3), 34 ppbv for nose-eNH3, and 21 ppbv for both mouth-and nose-eNH(3) after an acidic mouth wash (MW). The median ammonia emission rate from the lower forearm was 0.3 ng cm(-2) min(-1). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations between the breath, skin and plasma ammonia/ammonium concentrations were not found. However, mouth-eNH(3) strongly (p < 0.001) correlated with saliva pH. This dependence was also observed in detailed measurements of the diurnal variation and the response of eNH(3) to the acidic MW. It is concluded that eNH(3) as such does not reflect plasma but saliva and airway mucus NH4+ concentrations and is affected by saliva and airway mucus pH. After normalization with saliva pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, mouth-eNH(3) correlated with plasma NH4+, which points to saliva and plasma NH4+ being linked via hydrolysis of salivary urea.
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| 26. |
- Schmidt, Florian M., et al.
(författare)
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Direct detection of acetylene in air by continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2171 .- 1432-0649. ; 101:3, s. 671-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diode laser-based continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) in the near-infrared region has been used to measure the mixing ratio of acetylene (C(2)H(2)) in ambient air. Detection limits of 120 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) for 20 min and 340 pptv for 70 s acquisition time were achieved without sample pre-concentration, measuring on a C(2)H(2) absorption line at 6565.620 cm(-1) (similar to 1523 nm). Several indoor and outdoor air samples were collected at different locations in the Helsinki metropolitan area and analyzed using static-cell measurements. In addition, flow measurements of indoor and outdoor air have been performed continuously over several days with a time resolution of down to one minute. Baseline acetylene levels in the range of 0.4 to 3 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with a maximum around midday and a minimum during the night, were measured. Sudden high mixing ratios of up to 60 ppbv were observed in outdoor air during daytime on a minute time scale. In general, the indoor mixing ratios were found to be higher than those in outdoor air. The acetylene levels correlated with the ambient CO levels and with outdoor temperature.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Söderbergh, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and clinical associations of 10 defined autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 89:2, s. 557-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of autoantibodies against nine intracellular enzyme autoantigens, namely 21-hydroxylase, side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), 17 alpha-hydroxylase, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), tyrosine hydroxylase, cytochrome P450 1A2, and against the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, was assessed in 90 patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the presence of autoantibodies as independent predictors for different disease manifestations. Reactivities against 21-hydroxylase and SCC were associated with Addison's disease with odds ratios (ORs) of 7.8 and 6.8, respectively. Hypogonadism was exclusively associated with autoantibodies against SCC with an OR of 12.5. Autoantibodies against tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 were associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with an OR of 14.9, but with low sensitivity. Reactivities against TPH and, surprisingly, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, were associated with intestinal dysfunction, with ORs of 3.9 and 6.7, respectively. TPH reactivity was the best predictor for autoimmune hepatitis, with an OR of 27.0. Hypoparathyroidism was not associated with reactivity against any of the autoantigens tested. No reactivity against the calcium-sensing receptor was found. Analysis of autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I patients is a useful tool for establishing autoimmune manifestations of the disease as well as providing diagnosis in patients with suspected disease.
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| 29. |
- Tiihonen, J, et al.
(författare)
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The Association of Ambient Temperature and Violent Crime
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1, s. 6543-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is controversial if global warming will result into increased crime and conflict rate, and no causal neurobiological mechanisms have been proposed for the putative association between ambient temperature and aggressive behavior. This study shows that during 1996–2013, ambient temperature explained 10% of variance in the violent crime rate in Finland, corresponding to a 1.7% increase/degree centigrade. Ambient temperature also correlated with a one month delay in circannual changes in peripheral serotonin transporter density among both offenders and healthy control subjects, which itself correlated strongly with the monthly violent crime rate. This suggests that rise in temperature modulates serotonergic transmission which may increase impulsivity and general human activity level, resulting into increase in social interaction and risk of violent incidents. Together, these results suggest that the effect of ambient temperature on occurrence of violent crime is partly mediated through the serotonergic system, and that a 2 °C increase in average temperatures would increase violent crime rates by more than 3% in non-tropical and non-subtropical areas, if other contributing factors remained constant.
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| 30. |
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