| 51. |
- Annertz, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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High-risk HPV and survival in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma : 5-year follow up of a population-based study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 8:134, s. 843-851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONCLUSION: No statistically significant 5-year survival difference was seen in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC) between high-risk HPV-positive and -negative groups in this population-based study. OBJECTIVES: To see if the formerly observed higher risk for recurrence or second primary tumour (SPT) in high-risk HPV-positive patients with OOPSCC corresponds to worse survival. METHODS: A total of 128 consecutive, previously untreated patients with OOPSCC, who were part of a population-based case-control study in southern Sweden during 2000-2004, were included. A mouthwash sample was collected and exfoliated cells were collected with cotton-tipped swabs from the tonsillar fossa and the tumour. Specimens were analysed for HPV DNA using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Disease-specific survival (DSS) and DSS difference between HPV-negative and HPV-positive patients were calculated. The relationship between age, stage, high-risk HPV status and DSS was assessed. Oral and oropharyngeal tumours were assessed separately. RESULTS: Mean DSS in months was 80.7/68.6 (high-risk HPV-negative/high-risk HPV-positive) for oral cavity tumours (p = 0.18) and 67.6/78.3 (high-risk HPV-negative/high-risk HPV-positive) for oropharyngeal tumours (p = 0.47). For oral cavity tumours, age, T status, N status and stage all showed significant differences in DSS. For oropharyngeal tumours, no significant difference regarding DSS was found.
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| 52. |
- Anya, Obinna, et al.
(författare)
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The Morphing Organization : Rethinking Groupwork Systems in the Era of Crowdwork
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Supporting Group Work. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450330435 ; , s. 317-320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Web 2.0 has provided organizations remarkable opportunities to improve productivity, gain competitive advantage, and increase participation by engaging crowds to accomplish tasks at scale. However, establishing and integrating crowd-based systems into organizations is still an open question. The systems and the collaborative processes they enable appear diametrically in dissonance with the norms and culture of collaboration and knowledge sharing in traditional organizations. They require mechanisms for articulation of work, coordination, cooperation, and knowledge co-creation that are fundamentally different from those in current groupwork systems and processes. This workshop will bring together researchers investigating issues related to social computing and collaborative technologies, organizational science, crowdsourcing, and workplace research, work in industry, government and voluntary sectors, to discuss the future of groupwork systems in the era of crowdwork. Building on two workshops hosted at ACM CSCW 2014, we will explore questions such as: How does the shift in organizational work from a closed system with known individuals, to an open and crowd model that requires engagement with an undefined network of people, affect how we conceptualize groupwork? What are the implications for the design of groupwork systems? What can the crowdsourcing research community learn from groupwork systems, or conversely what can groupwork researchers learn from crowdsourcing? How do cultures, motivations, ownership and representation fit into these systems? The workshop will advance our understanding of this area, through presentations, discussion, and activities to articulate an agenda for future research.
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| 53. |
- Artursson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Foodborne pathogens in unpasteurized milk in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 284, s. 120-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raw milk may be a risk for public health if it is contaminated with zoonotic pathogens. To study the prevalencein unpasteurized milk from Swedish farms, bovine and small ruminant dairy farms were sampled. Since thesampling method and transport conditions may influence the outcome of analyses, efforts were made to optimizethe methodology. Culturing of bacteria was done from in-line milk filters collected from the milk pipe at thepoint where it enters the milk bulk tank at the farms and this way of sampling was compared to sampling bulktank milk (BTM) directly. Analysing milk filters were found to be superior to analysing BTM directly. Conditionsfor transport of milk filter samples were further improved by the addition of Cary Blair transport medium, whichsignificantly increased the number of positive samples for pathogenic bacteria. The isolation of several foodbornepathogens from milk filters was demonstrated. The prevalence of samples with Staphylococcus aureus was71% and 64%, and Listeria spp. 21% and 29% from dairy cow and goat/sheep farms, respectively. Campylobacterjejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 were detected in 9%, 2% and 2% ofsamples from bovine milk, respectively.We conclude that the choice of sampling method and sample handling influence the results of bacterialculturing. From the results of this study, we strongly recommend to sample in-line milk filters instead of BTMdirectly and to use Cary Blair medium during transport, especially if the samples are to be analysed forCampylobacter spp. and/or Listeria spp. The findings also show that unpasteurized milk from Swedish farmsoccasionally contain bacteria with zoonotic potential.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Astermark, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Infrastructural considerations of implementing gene therapy for hemophilia in the Nordic context
- 2023
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Ingår i: Therapeutic advances in hematology. - 2040-6207. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite improvements in hemophilia care, challenges remain, including treatment burden and impaired quality of life. Gene therapy may overcome these. However, its introduction presents a challenge. Objectives: To outline a function-based gene therapy working model describing critical milestones associated with gene therapy handling, administration, and follow-up to facilitate and implement an effective infrastructure for gene therapy introduction. Design: Literature review and consensus discussion among Hemophilia Comprehensive Care centers (HCCCs) in the Nordic region. Methods: Representatives from six HCCCs sought to pinpoint milestones and key stakeholders for site readiness at the pre-, peri-, and post-infusion stages, including authority and genetically modified organism (GMO) product requirements, awareness, medical eligibility, logistics and product handling for infusion, laboratory monitoring, and follow-up. Results: A gene therapy transit map was developed with key stakeholders identified. The approach to prepare the vector will differ between the Nordic centers, but the contracted pharmacy unit will be a key stakeholder. Therefore, a pharmacy checklist for the implementation of gene therapy was developed. For the future, Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product centers will also be implemented. Patients’ expectations, commitments, and concerns need to be addressed repeatedly and education of patients and the expanded health-care professionals team will be the key to successful and optimal clinical management. Eligibility testing according to the product’s summary of product characteristics and frequent follow-up and monitoring post-infusion according to the World Federation of Hemophilia chart will be crucial. Conclusion: The approach to deliver gene therapy in the Nordic region will differ partly between the hemophilia centers, but the defined road map with checklists for the implementation of this advanced therapy will be applicable to all. The map may also serve as a platform for the use of future GMO product options both within and outside the area of hemophilia.
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| 56. |
- Baard, Patrik, 1981-
(författare)
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Cautiously utopian goals : Philosophical analyses of climate change objectives and sustainability targets
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, the framework within which long-term goals are set and subsequently achieved or approached is analyzed. Sustainable development and climate change are areas in which goals have tobe set despite uncertainties. The analysis is divided into the normative motivations for setting such goals, what forms of goals could be set given the empirical and normative uncertainties, and how tomanage doubts regarding achievability or values after a goal has been set.Paper I discusses a set of questions that moral theories intended to guide goal-setting should respond to. It is often claimed that existent normative theories provide only modest guidance regarding climate change, and consequently have to be revised or supplemented. Two such suggested revisions or supplements are analyzed in order to determine whether they provide such guidance.Paper II applies the deep ecological framework to survey the extent to which it can be utilized to discuss issues concerning the management of climate change. It is suggested that the deep ecological framework can provide guidance by establishing a normative framework and an analysis of how the overarching values and principles can be specified to be relevant for actions.Paper III is focused on normative political theory, and explicates the two dimensions of empirical and normative uncertainty. By applying recent discussions in normative political theory on ideal/non-ideal theory, political realism, and the relation between normative demands and empirical constraints,strategies for managing the proposed goals are suggested.Paper IV suggests a form of goal that incorporates uncertainties. Cautious utopias allow greater uncertainty than realistic goals (goals that are known to be achievable or approachable, and desirable),but not to the same extent as utopian goals (goals wherein it is highly uncertain whether the goal can actually be achieved). Such goals have a performance-enhancing function. A definition and quality criteria for such goals are proposed.Paper V considers whether a goal that is becoming all the more unlikely to be achievable should be reconsidered. The paper focuses on the two degrees Celsius target, and asks whether it could still be a sensible goal to aspire to. By applying the principle that ‘ought’ implies ‘can’, the role of such obligations is investigated.Paper VI surveys how to treat circumstances in which an already set goal should be reconsidered and possibly revised, and what would evoke doubt in the belief upon which those goals have been set.Two situations are analyzed: (i) a problematic or surprising event occurs, upsetting confidence in one’s relevant beliefs, or (ii) respectable but dissenting views are voiced concerning one’s means and/or values. It is suggested that the validity of doubt has to be considered, in addition to the level in a goal-means hierarchy towards which doubt is raised.
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| 57. |
- Baard, Patrik, 1981-
(författare)
-
Sustainable Goals : Feasible Paths to Desirable Long-Term Futures
- 2014
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this licentiate thesis is to analyze the framework in which long-term goals are set and subsequently achieved. It is often claimed that goals should be realistic, meaning that they should be adjusted to known abilities. This thesis will argue that this might be very difficult in areas related to sustainable development and climate change adaptation, and that goals that are, to an acceptable degree, unrealistic, can have important functions.Essay I discusses long-term goal setting. When there is a great temporal discrepancy between the point in time of setting and achieving a goal, many uncertainties have to be considered. The surrounding world and the agent’s abilities and values might change. This is an ontological uncertainty. We often form beliefs regarding how abilities and values might change, but this belief is always uncertain. This is an epistemological uncertainty. A form of goal called cautiously utopian goals is proposed, which incorporate such uncertainties, but enables goal setting with long time-frames.Essay II discusses the issue of goals intended to reduce great risks. We cannot expect an agent to do something that lies beyond this agent’s abilities, as exemplified in the principle ‘ought implies can’. Adjusting goals to what we currently, with a high degree of certainty know could be done is difficult. If not including an estimation of how abilities can change, important performance-enhancing functions of goals might be lost. It is argued that very ambitious goals should be set. This is partly due to the great magnitude and likelihood of unwanted consequences and partly due to the difficulty of delineating what lies in agents’ capacity to manage complex risks.Essay III discusses a decision-facilitating tool Sustainability Analysis to be used by Swedish municipal planners. One sub-part of the tool, Goal Conflict Analysis, can be used to identify how the consequences of a planned adaptation measure will affect other long-term municipal goals. Identified goal conflicts can then be used in order to determine whether the conflicts are acceptable, or whether a different adaptation measure should be worked out. The paper discusses a workshop in a Swedish municipality in which the tool has been tested.
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| 58. |
- Balk, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiaminedependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported.
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| 59. |
- Balogh, Istvan, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Gas6 in Human Platelets and Plasma.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 25:6, s. 1280-1286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - Gas6 is a member of the vitamin K-dependent protein family. Gas6- deficient mice were found to be resistant to thrombosis because of defective platelet function. Mouse Gas6 was demonstrated to be present in platelets and found to be involved in platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Gas6 in human platelets and plasma and determine its role in platelet function. Methods and Results - The presence of Gas6 in human platelets and plasma was analyzed using sensitive immunologic methods. Mass spectrometry and ELISA were used to identify and quantify Gas6 in plasma. Gas6 was demonstrated to be present in human plasma, at a concentration determined to be 13 to 23 ng/mL (0.16 to 0.28 nM). Furthermore, plasma Gas6 levels were found to be lower in patients administered with warfarin. However, Gas6 was undetectable in human platelets. Conclusions - This is the first report to identify and quantify Gas6 in human plasma. However, Gas6 protein was not detected in human platelets, suggesting that any potential platelet-specific function could be because of Gas6 from the circulation. These findings open up new directions regarding the role of Gas6 in normal and pathophysiological situations such as inflammation, autoimmune disease, thrombosis and arteriosclerosis.
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| 60. |
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