| 101. |
- Leden, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers discussing, planning and implementing NOS-aspects in their teaching
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The inclusion of "nature of science" (NOS) in science education has for a long time been regarded as a crucial component in the teaching for scientific literacy. The aim of this study is to investigate how in-service science teachers plan, implement, and afterwards reflect on a NOS teaching session. The participants in the study are Swedish in-service science teachers (n=4) in grades 4-9. Sources of data are teacher-group discussions (before and after the NOS-session), classroom observations, and teachers’ reflective notes. The analytical framework used in this study is developed with a point of departure in the NOS tenets described by Lederman (2007). The preliminary results indicate that although the teachers in different ways explicitly address many different aspects of NOS during the teaching sessions, and they believe that their students are interested in the provided tasks, the teachers themselves are having a hard time coping with the clash between the implemented NOS-session and more traditional views of science teaching.
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| 102. |
- Leden, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ ways of talking about nature of science and its teaching
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science & Education. - : Springer. - 0926-7220 .- 1573-1901. ; 24:9, s. 1141-1172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nature of science (NOS) has for a long time been regarded as a key component in science teaching. Much research has focused on students’ and teachers’ views of NOS, while less attention has been paid to teachers’ perspectives on NOS teaching. This article focuses on in-service science teachers’ ways of talking about NOS and NOS teaching, e.g. what they talk about as possible and valuable to address in the science classroom, in Swedish compulsory school. These teachers (N = 12) are, according to the national curriculum, expected to teach NOS, but have no specific NOS training. The analytical framework described in this article consists of five themes that include multiple perspectives on NOS. The results show that teachers have less to say when they talk about NOS teaching than when they talk about NOS in general. This difference is most obvious for issues related to different sociocultural aspects of science. Difficulties in — and advantages of — NOS teaching, as put forth by the teachers, are discussed in relation to traditional science teaching, and in relation to teachers’ perspectives on for which students science teaching will be perceived as meaningful and comprehensible. The results add to understanding teachers’ reasoning when confronted with the idea that NOS should be part of science teaching. This in turn provides useful information that can support the development of NOS courses for teachers.
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| 103. |
- Leden, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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The mangle of school science practice : Teachers’ negotiations of two nature of science activities at different levels of contextualization
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Education. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0036-8326 .- 1098-237X. ; 104:1, s. 5-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nature of science (NOS) has increasingly been emphasized as an important element in science education. This paper engages in the question of how teachers negotiate different approaches to and contexts for NOS teaching. This exploratory study is part of a three‐year longitudinal project where six in‐service teachers developed and negotiated their NOS‐teaching practices. Pickering's (1995) theory of the mangle of practice is used for the analysis of teachers’ focus‐group discussions. In a mangled practice, school science traditions, policy documents, and students’ and teachers’ expectations and identities are rubbed against each other. As part of the project teachers planned, implemented, and reflected on two NOS activities at different levels of contextualization. The concepts alignment, resistance, and accommodation are used as an analytical tool to understand the processes of the mangle in relation to teachers’ negotiations concerning the two activities during the focus groups. The results of the mangle are presented in relation to a backdrop of three teaching traditions (facts, lab‐work, and discussions) that the teachers’ claim to depart from. The results show how the alignment and resistance of different components of the mangle lead to various accommodations as regards both the activities and the three traditions. The article concludes by discussing how the teachers’ negotiations highlight what becomes possible and what becomes challenging when NOS meets existing traditions, and what this means in respect of possibilities for NOS learning.
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| 104. |
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| 105. |
- Leeksma, Alexander C., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic arrays identify high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia with genomic complexity : A multi-center study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - 0390-6078. ; 105:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex karyotype (CK) identified by chromosome-banding analysis (CBA) has shown prognostic value in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Genomic arrays offer high-resolution genome-wide detection of copy-number alterations (CNAs) and could therefore be well equipped to detect the presence of a CK. Current knowledge on genomic arrays in CLL is based on outcomes of single center studies, in which different cutoffs for CNA calling were used. To further determine the clinical utility of genomic arrays for CNA assessment in CLL diagnostics, we retrospectively analyzed 2293 arrays from 13 diagnostic laboratories according to established standards. CNAs were found outside regions captured by CLL FISH probes in 34% of patients, and several of them including gains of 8q, deletions of 9p and 18p (p<0.01) were linked to poor outcome after correction for multiple testing. Patients (n=972) could be divided in three distinct prognostic subgroups based on the number of CNAs. Only high genomic complexity (high-GC), defined as 5 CNAs emerged as an independent adverse prognosticator on multivariable analysis for time to first treatment (Hazard ratio: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.36-3.41; p=0.001) and overall survival (Hazard ratio: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.54-4.17; p<0.001; n=528). Lowering the size cutoff to 1 Mb in 647 patients did not significantly improve risk assessment. Genomic arrays detected more chromosomal abnormalities and performed at least as well in terms of risk stratification compared to simultaneous chromosome banding analysis as determined in 122 patients. Our findings highlight genomic array as an accurate tool for CLL risk stratification.
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| 106. |
- Lindholm, Eva-Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Energy efficiency and the environmental impact of harvesting stumps and logging residues
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Forest Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677. ; 129, s. 1223-1235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a case study, seven different procurement chains of forest energy in Sweden were modelled and the environmental performance was calculated from a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspective. The systems differed with respect to geographical location, the technology employed and resource use (stumps or logging residues). The energy output/input ratio of chips from residues and stumps was in the range 21-48, and the greenhouse gas emissions were 1.5-3.5 g CO(2)-eq/MJ chips. The systems in southern Sweden were generally more efficient than similar systems in northern Sweden. The forest energy systems based on bundles and stumps rely on immature technologies which have the potential to be improved should there be technical developments of the systems.
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| 107. |
- Lindholm, Eva-Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Skörd av skogsbränslen i ett livscykelperspektiv
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efterfrågan på biobränslen ökar och utvecklingen drivs av både nationella och internationella mål att sänka utsläppen av växthusgaser samt att minska beroendet av fossil energi. Det har emellertid visat sig att inte all användning av bioenergi leder till minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser. För att säkerställa olika energisystems potential att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser behöver de jämföras med ett lämpligt fossilt referenssystem. I den här studien studerades skörd av grot (grenar och toppar) och stubbar i ett livscykelperspektiv för att identifiera system för skörd av skogsbränsle som relativt den producerade bränslemängden orsakar så små miljöeffekter som möjligt samtidigt som insatsenergi är liten. Användandet av skogsbränsle kan ses som en tidigareläggning av utsläpp av koldioxid jämfört med ett referensfall där biomassan lämnas kvar i skogen för att förmultna. Tidsperspektivet är därför betydelsefullt för hur förlusten av markkol ska beräknas för skogsbränsle som GROT och stubbar. För att beräkna den minskade inlagringen i markkol modellerades två granbestånd, ett i södra Sverige och ett i norra Sverige. Referensmarkanvändningen var skogsskötsel utan skörd av skogsbränslen. Två olika beräkningssätt användes för att beräknad den minskade inlagringen (i) medelvärde för kollagerförändringen över en tidsperiod samt (ii) lagerförändring mellan två tidpunkter. Tre olika tidsperspektiv utvärderades, 20 år, en omloppstid (118 år respektive 77 år) samt två eller tre omlopp (231 år och 240 år). Det senare för att kunna jämföra resultaten från bestånden i södra och norra Sverige. Resultaten visar att storleken på den minskade inlagringen i markkol per hektar beror av beräkningsmetodik, tidsperspektiv, skördeintensitet, områdets produktivitet och skördad resurs, d.v.s. stubbar eller grot. Utsläpp av växthusgaser från hela skogsbränslekedjan inklusive minskad inlagring av markkol ger olika resultat beroende på vilket beräkningssätt som används för markkol, lagerförändring mellan två tidpunkter (6-10 g CO2-ekv/MJ bränsle) eller skillnad i medelkolförråd mellan två tidpunkter (11-42 g CO2-ekv/MJ bränsle). Utsläppsminskning (d.v.s. klimatnyttan) genom att ersätta fossil energi med skogsbränslen beräknades. Det antogs att skogsbränslen användes i kraftvärmeverk och genom att allokera 52 % av miljöbelastningen på elen baserat på alternativallokeringsmetoden antogs elen ersätta elektricitet från kolkondenskraftverk samt naturgaskraftverk (kombikondens). Förutom de faktorer som påverkar inlagring i markkol beror skogsbränslens klimatnytta av effektiviteten i användningen, tillämpad fördelningsmetod av miljöbelastning och vilken energisort som ersätts. Den insatsenergi som behövts för att skörda, transportera och förädla skogsbränslet beräknades till 2–5 % av energin i det bränsle som levereras. Arbetet visar att effekterna av grot- och stubbskörd är fördelaktiga jämfört med fossilbaserade alternativ när det gäller såväl insatsenergi som utsläpp av klimatgaser på lång sikt. Insatsenergi är mycket liten och säkerställd medan de långsiktiga klimateffekterna är något osäkra som ett resultat av brist på kunskap när det gäller bland annat effekter av omrörning i skogsmarken vid stubblyftning. Studien indikerar alltså att skörd av grot i studerade systemtyper bör tillämpas om hänsyn tas till enbart insatsenergi och växthusgaseffekter. För stubbars växthusgasbalans krävs mer kunskap om vilken betydelse stubbskördens omrörning av marken har på nedbrytning av organiskt material. Skördetekniken av stubbar kan vara betydelsefull för växthusgasbalansen för stubbar. Studien behandlar inte andra effekter, exempelvis på biologisk mångfald eller skogens upplevelsevärde. Vid en samlad bedömning av om/var/hur grot- och stubbskörd bör tillämpas måste en helhetsbedömning ske där samtliga effekter inkluderas
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| 108. |
- Lundborg, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial sensibility of the hand based on cortical audiotactile interaction : A study using functional magnetic resonance imaging
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-4311 .- 1651-2073. ; 39:6, s. 370-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The capacity of the central nervous system for plastic alterations is the base for our ability to adapt to environmental needs. The crossmodal capacity of the brain makes interaction between senses possible, and deprivation of one sense leads to compensatory changes in other senses. We have recently shown how hearing can substitute for sensation in a transplanted insensitive hand by using a sensor glove equipped with small microphones that pick up the sound of friction, which is elicited by active touch. Here we have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy people to illustrate their capacity for cortical audiotactile interaction with activation of the somatosensory cortex induced by auditory stimuli. The phenomenon occurred only in subjects trained to substitute sensibility by hearing, and no audiotactile interaction was found in untrained subjects. © 2005 Taylor & Francis.
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| 109. |
- Mandalenakis, Zacharias, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of atrial fibrillation in the general male population: a lifetime follow-up of 50-year-old men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 17:7, s. 1018-1022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, incidence rate, and lifetime risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) in a population-based study of Swedish men. Methods and results The study is a part of 'The Study of Men Born in 1913', which is a longitudinal prospective cohort study of 855 men born in 1913 and living in the city of Gothenburg in Sweden. They were followed from the age of 50 years until 98 years with repeated examinations and data from the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. A total of 185 (21.6%) men developed AF. The prevalence of AF increased from 0.4% at 50 years old, to 1.9% by 60 years old, to 4.6% by 70 years old, to 12.5% by 80 years old, and to 15.7% by 90 years old. The lifetime risk of developing AF was 22.5%. Conclusion Atrial fibrillation is rare at the age of 50 in Swedish men, but it increases exponentially with age, markedly accelerating after 70 years old. In nonagenarians, one of five men has or has had AF.
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| 110. |
- Mattsson, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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Idelalisib (PI3Kδ inhibitor) therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia : A Swedish nation-wide real-world report on consecutively identified patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 111:5, s. 715-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesWe examined the efficacy and toxicity of the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib in combination with rituximab salvage therapy in consecutively identified Swedish patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Methods and ResultsThirty-seven patients with relapsed/refractory disease were included. The median number of prior lines of therapy was 3 (range 1–11); the median age was 69 years (range 50–89); 22% had Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) >6 and 51% had del(17p)/TP53 mutation. The overall response rate was 65% (all but one was partial response [PR]). The median duration of therapy was 9.8 months (range 0.9–44.8). The median progression-free survival was 16.4 months (95% CI: 10.4–26.3) and median overall survival had not been reached (75% remained alive at 24 months of follow-up). The most common reason for cessation of therapy was colitis (n = 8, of which seven patients experienced grade ≥3 colitis). The most common serious adverse event was grade ≥3 infection, which occurred in 24 patients (65%).ConclusionsOur real-world results suggest that idelalisib is an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with advanced-stage CLL when no other therapies exist. Alternative dosing regimens and new PI3K inhibitors should be explored, particularly in patients who are double-refractory to inhibitors of BTK and Bcl-2.
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