| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Le Guyader, Francoise S, et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of noroviruses in raspberries associated with a gastroenteritis outbreak
- 2004
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 97:2, s. 179-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following an acute foodborne gastroenteritis outbreak in southern Sweden, stool specimens from five of nine ill patients were found positive for norovirus using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiological data pointed to raspberry cakes as the source of the outbreak. Using a combination of generic and patient-specific primers and novel food analysis methodology (with extraction efficiency control and inhibitor removal), norovirus strains from two different genogroups were directly identified in the contaminated raspberries.
|
|
| 13. |
- Lopman, Ben, et al.
(författare)
-
Increase in viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe and epidemic spread of new norovirus variant
- 2004
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 363:9410, s. 682-688
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Highly publicised outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis in hospitals in the UK and Ireland and cruise ships in the USA sparked speculation about whether this reported activity was unusual. Methods We analysed data collected through a collaborative research and surveillance network of viral gastroenteritis in ten European countries (England and Wales were analysed as one region). We compiled data on total number of outbreaks by month, and compared genetic sequences from the isolated viruses. Data were compared with historic data from a systematic retrospective review of surveillance systems and with a central database of viral sequences. Findings Three regions (England and Wales, Germany, and the Netherlands) had sustained epidemiological and viral characterisation data from 1995 to 2002. In all three, we noted a striking increase in norovirus outbreaks in 2002 that coincided with the detection and emergence of a new predominant norovirus variant of genogroup II4, which had a consistent mutation in the polymerase gene. Eight of nine regions had an annual peak in 2002 and the new genogroup II4 variant was detected in nine countries. Also, the detection of the new variant preceded an atypical spring and summer peak of outbreaks in three countries. Interpretation Our data from ten European countries show a striking increase and unusual seasonal pattern of norovirus gastroenteritis in 2002 that occurred concurrently with the emergence of a novel genetic variant. In addition to showing the added value of an international network for viral gastroenteritis outbreaks, these observations raise questions about the biological properties of the variant and the mechanisms for its rapid dissemination.
|
|
| 14. |
- Mittelholzer, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular characterization of a novel astrovirus associated with disease in mink
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 84:11, s. 3087-3094
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-weaning diarrhoea is a well-known problem in mink farming in Europe, causing morbidity that varies between farms, regions and season. Different causalities for the disease have been proposed, but only most recently has a novel astrovirus been identified as an important risk factor. In this report, the molecular characterization, origin and evolution of this novel astrovirus of mink are discussed. The polyadenylated, positive-stranded RNA genome was sequenced and found to contain 6610 nt, organized into three ORFs and two short UTRs. A ribosomal frameshift sequence links the 5' two ORFs, containing sequence motifs for a serine protease (ORF1a) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ORF1b). The structural proteins are encoded by ORF2 and, presumably, are expressed as a polyprotein precursor to be cleaved into the mature capsid proteins. These results indicate that mink astrovirus (MiAstV) has all of the features typical of members of the Astroviridae. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that MiAstV is distantly related to established astroviruses, showing less than 67 % similarity at the nucleotide level with its closest relative, ovine astrovirus, and even lower identities at the predicted amino acid level. Nevertheless, sequence analysis of MiAstV isolates from geographically distinct Swedish and Danish farms showed much less diversity. This suggests either the spread in the mink population of a virus that has evolved a long time ago or the recent introduction of an ancient virus into a new host species.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Nilsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence and genetic diversity of group C rotavirus among adults
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 182:3, s. 678-684
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fecal samples from a 1-year prospective study were investigated to establish the role of group C rotavirus infections in acute diarrhea in Swedish adults (>15 years old). Rotaviruses were found in samples from 3% of the patients, and, in 35% of these, group C rotavirus was detected. Clinical symptoms of group C rotavirus infection were generally milder than those of group A rotavirus infection. Gene 8 (vp7) from 12 group C isolates, including strains from the prospective study, a military outbreak, and a sporadic case, was sequenced. The gene was found to be extremely conserved, with identities of 99.1%-100% at the amino acid level. This study has systematically investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of group C rotavirus in adults. The data confirm the extreme sequence conservation within human group C rotavirus strains and suggest that symptomatic group C rotavirus infections occur more frequently in adults than has been previously recognized.
|
|
| 17. |
- Rodriguez, Jesus, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of a multiplex nested PCR for genotyping of the NSP4 from group A rotavirus
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Virological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 149:2, s. 240-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel PCR method was developed to discriminate amongst genotypes A-C of the rotavirus non-structural protein 4 (NSP4). Genotype-specific primers were designed that correctly identified the NSP4 genotype when evaluated as a multiplex PCR with cell culture adapted rotavirus strains. Rotavirus strains B223 SGIG6P6[1], NCDV SGIG6P6[1] and SA11 SGIG3P5B[2] were used as control for NSP4 genotype A, A34 SGIG5P14[23], Gottfried SGIIG4P2B[6] and Wa SGIIG1P1A[8] for NSP4 genotype B, RRV SGIG3P5B[3] for NSP4 genotype C. Subsequently, the same set of specific primers was used to genotype a set of 77 Swedish clinical samples. The results showed that all human clinical samples analyzed belong to the NSP4 genotype B and the VP6 subgroup II. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 18. |
- Rubilar-Abreu, Elba, et al.
(författare)
-
Serotype G9 rotavirus infections in adults in Sweden
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 43:3, s. 1374-1376
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rotavirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis. By examining 1,517 stool samples collected in 2001 and 2002 from Swedish adults with acute diarrhea, rotavirus was found in 3.2%, with the emerging G9P[8] serotype being the one most commonly identified (42.9%). This is the first documentation of G9 infections in adults in Europe. Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
| 19. |
- Thorven, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A homozygous nonsense mutation (428G ->A) in the human secretor (FUT2) gene provides resistance to symptomatic norovirus (GGII) infections
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 79:24, s. 15351-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noroviruses (formerly Norwalk-like viruses) are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and are associated with a significant number of nosocomial and food-borne outbreaks. In this study we show that the human secretor FUT2 gene, which codes for an alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase synthesizing the H-type 1 antigen in saliva and mucosa, is associated with susceptibility to norovirus infections. Allelic polymorphism characterization at nucleotide 428 for symptomatic (n = 53) and asymptomatic (n = 62) individuals associated with nosocomial and sporadic norovirus outbreaks revealed that homozygous nonsense mutation (428G-->A) in FUT2 segregated with complete resistance for the disease. Of all symptomatic individuals, 49% were homozygous (SeSe) and 51% heterozygous (Sese428) secretors, and none were secretor negative (se428se428), in contrast to 20% nonsecretors (se428se428) among Swedish blood donors (n = 104) (P < 0.0002) and 29% for asymptomatic individuals associated with nosocomial outbreaks (P < 0.00001). Furthermore, saliva from secretor-positive and symptomatic patients but not from secretor-negative and asymptomatic individuals bound the norovirus strain responsible for that particular outbreak. This is the first report showing that the FUT2 nonsecretor (se428se428) genotype is associated with resistance to nosocomial and sporadic outbreaks with norovirus.
|
|
