| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Fischer, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Brain activation while forming memories of fearful and neutral faces in women and men
- 2007
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Ingår i: Emotion. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1528-3542 .- 1931-1516. ; 7:4, s. 767-773
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Event-related functional MRI (fMRI) was used to assess brain activity during encoding of fearful and neutral faces in 12 women and 12 men. In a subsequent memory analysis, the authors separated successful from unsuccessful encoding of both types of faces, based on whether they were remembered or forgotten in a later recognition memory test. Overall, women and men recruited overlapping neural circuitries. Both sexes activated right-sided medial-temporal regions during successful encoding of fearful faces. Successful encoding of neutral faces was associated with left-sided lateral prefrontal and right-sided superior frontal activation in both sexes. In women, relatively greater encoding related activity for neutral faces was seen in the superior parietal and parahippocampal cortices. By contrast, men activated the left and right superior/middle frontal cortex more than women during successful encoding of the same neutral faces. These findings suggest that women and men use similar neural networks to encode facial information, with only subtle sex differences observed for neutral faces.
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| 13. |
- From Attebring, Mona, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking habits and predictors of continued smoking in patients with acute coronary syndromes
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Adv Nurs. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 46:6, s. 614-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most patients with acute coronary syndrome quit smoking when hospitalized, although several have been found to relapse and resume smoking within 3 months. AIM: This paper reports a study to identify factors that can predict who will resume smoking after hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: Patients (n = 1320) below the age of 75 years, admitted to a Swedish university hospital coronary care unit with acute coronary syndromes, between September 1995 and September 1999, were consecutively included. Data were collected from hospital medical records and included information on previous clinical history, former illnesses and smoking. During their hospitalization, an experienced nurse interviewed the patients by using a structured questionnaire to obtain additional information. Patients were followed up 3 months after the discharge. Those who continued to smoke (non-quitters) were compared with those who had stopped (quitters) with regard to age, sex, medical history, clinical course, and intention to quit. To identify factors independently related to continued smoking, a logistical regression in a formal forward stepwise mode was used. RESULTS: Of the patients admitted, 33% were current smokers. Three months after discharge, 51% of these patients were still smoking. There were no significant differences in age, gender or marital status between non-quitters and quitters. In a multivariate analysis, independent predictors of continued smoking were: non-participation in the heart rehabilitation programme (P = 0.0008); use of sedatives/antidepressants at time of admission (P = 0.001); history of cerebral vascular disease (P = 0.002), history of previous cardiac event (P = 0.01); history of smoking-related pulmonary disease (P = 0.03) and cigarette consumption at index (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking patients who do not participate in a heart rehabilitation programme may need extra help with smoking cessation. The findings may provide means of identifying patients in need of special intervention.
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| 14. |
- Helander, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The Efficacy of Parent Management Training With or Without Involving the Child in the Treatment Among Children with Clinical Levels of Disruptive Behavior : A Meta-analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer Nature. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 55, s. 164-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted where we evaluated the effects of Parent Management Training (PMT), Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and PMT combined with child cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) using data from 25 RCTs on children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior (age range 2–13 years). Results showed that PMT (g = 0.64 [95% CI 0.42, 0.86]) and PCIT (g = 1.22 [95% CI 0.75, 1.69]) were more effective than waiting-list (WL) in reducing parent-rated disruptive behavior, and PMT also in improving parental skills (g = 0.83 [95% CI 0.67, 0.98]) and child social skills (g = 0.49 [95% CI 0.30, 0.68]). PCIT versus WL had larger effects in reducing disruptive behavior than PMT versus WL. In the few studies found, the addition of child CBT to PMT did not yield larger effects than PMT or WL. These results support offering PMT to children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior and highlight the additional benefits of PCIT for younger ages.
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| 15. |
- Herlitz, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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A life-span approach to dementia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dementia and Memory. - New York : Psychology Press. - 9781848722927 ; , s. 110-123
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Herlitz, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Cognition
- 2012
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Ingår i: Handbook of clinical gender medicine. - Basel : S. Karger. - 9783805599290 ; , s. 504-507
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are sex differences favoring men in visuospatial abilities and mathematical problem solving, whereas women outperform men on verbal production tasks, verbal episodic memory tasks, and face recognition. These differences are present in childhood, adolescence, and middle and old age, and the pattern is also seen in non-Western societies. Social and cultural factors affect the magnitude of these differences, but not the pattern. Prenatal levels of androgens affect play behavior, but have little influence on cognitive performance. For older adults, hormone treatment of estradiol and testosterone does not seem to affect cognitive sex differences or cognitive performance.
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| 17. |
- Herlitz, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Sex Differences Are Not Magnified as a Function of Age, Sex Hormones, or Puberty Development During Early Adolescence
- 2013
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 38:3, s. 167-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are cognitive sex differences magnified by individual differences in age, sex hormones, or puberty development? Cross-sectional samples of 12- to 14-year-old boys (n = 85) and girls (n = 102) completed tasks assessing episodic memory, face recognition, verbal fluency, and mental rotations. Blood estradiol, free testosterone, and self-rated puberty scores were obtained. Sex differences were found on all cognitive measures. However, the magnitude was not larger for older children, hormones and cognitive performance were not associated, and early maturers did not perform better than late maturers. Thus, cognitive sex differences were not associated with age, levels of sex hormones, or puberty development.
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| 18. |
- Herlitz, Agneta, 1962-
(författare)
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Remembering in Alzheimer's disease : utilization of cognitive support
- 1991
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present doctoral thesis was to investigate the ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to utilize cognitive support in order to improve episodic remembering. A review of previous research indicated that most studies have failed to find beneficial effects of encoding support on memory in AD patients. The ability to utilize cognitive support (i.e., motoric activities, semantic organization, and semantic knowledge) for episodic remembering was investigated in five studies (Bäckman & Herlitz, 1990; Herlitz, Adolfsson, Bäckman, & Nilsson, in press; Herlitz & Bäckman, 1990; Herlitz & Viitanen, in press; Karlsson et al., 1989). Patients with mild, moderate, or severe AD, and normal older adults participated in the studies. On the basis of the results from these studies and the review of the literature, it was concluded that (a) AD patients, irrespective of dementia severity, perform at a lower level than normal older adults in episodic memory tasks; (b) provided that support is supplied at retrieval, AD patients may be sensitive to manipulations at encoding; (c) the strength of the encoding manipulation determines the size of the memory improvement in AD patients; and (d) depending on dementia severity, the type of encoding support also determines the magnitude of memory improvement obtained.
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| 19. |
- Herlitz, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in episodic memory
- 2008
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Ingår i: Current directions in psychological science (Print). - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-7214 .- 1467-8721. ; 17:1, s. 52-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research shows sex differences in episodic memory. These differences vary in magnitude as a function of the type of material to be remembered. Throughout the life span, verbal episodic-memory tasks yield differences favoring women. In contrast, episodic-memory tasks requiring visuospatial processing result in differences favoring men. There are also sex differences favoring women on episodic-memory tasks requiring both verbal and visuospatial processing and on face-recognition tasks. Thus, there may be a small, general episodic-memory advantage for women-an advantage that can increase by the advantage women have over men in verbal production and can be reversed by the male advantage in visuospatial tasks. In addition, environmental factors affect the magnitude of the sex differences in episodic memory.
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| 20. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K, et al.
(författare)
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Activity patterns in very old people : a survey of cognitively intact subjects aged 90 years or older
- 1999
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 28:2, s. 147-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: to measure activity patterns in very old people, the factors related to this and the association of different types of activity with well-being.METHODS: a study of 105 people, aged 90 years or older, who were not cognitively impaired, living in Stockholm. The activities carried out during the previous day were recorded and each activity was rated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: the degrees of intellectual, social and physical activity are independent of each other. Very elderly people tended to have variable but relatively low activity levels over a day. Good health and not moving home were associated with greater intellectual activity. Extraversion and negative life events (such as death of close friend or family member) were associated with greater social activity, while relatively younger age and better health were associated with greater physical activity. There was positive association between physical activity and well-being.
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