| 21. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K., et al.
(författare)
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Life satisfaction among the very old : a survey on a cognitively intact sample aged 90 years or above
- 2001
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Aging & Human Development. - 0091-4150 .- 1541-3535. ; 52:1, s. 71-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to measure life satisfaction and the factors believed to influence it. The study involved 105 very old people, ninety years and above, who were not cognitively impaired, living in the inner part of Stockholm, Sweden. In order to assess life satisfaction, the Life Satisfaction Index-B (LSI-B) and Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z) were used. Information about life events, activities, personality and social contacts were collected in order to determine their relative influence on life satisfaction. Factors associated with life satisfaction were also investigated in a content analysis to find out what the elderly themselves believe gives them life satisfaction. Results showedthat health and an emotionally stable personality were, independently of other factors, the most important factors for life satisfaction among the very old.
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| 22. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K, et al.
(författare)
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Negative and positive affect among the very old : a survey on a sample age 90 years and older
- 1998
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Ingår i: Research on Aging. - : SAGE Publications. - 0164-0275 .- 1552-7573. ; 20:5, s. 593-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to measure positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), and the factors that might influence these in the very elderly. The study involved 105 people, 90 years and older, who were not cognitively impaired, living in the inner part of Stockholm. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was translated and used to measure affect. Results showed that PA and NA were virtually uncorrelated. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that the factors that influence affect in the very elderly are similar to those influencing affect in younger ages and that personality traits are the major correlates of affect.
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| 23. |
- Juvrud, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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Attention during Visual Preference Tasks : Relation to Caregiving and Face Recognition
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infancy. - : WILEY. - 1525-0008 .- 1532-7078. ; 24:3, s. 356-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research examined how caregiver experience (female primary caregiver or distributed caregiving with mom and dad) influenced 10-, 14-, and 16-month-olds' visual preferences and attention toward internal facial features of female-male face pairs, and how these behaviors related to novelty preferences in a face recognition task and speed and accuracy on a visual search task. In the visual preference task, infants visually preferred male faces, regardless of caregiver experience. Despite similarities in visual preferences, infants' attention toward females and males' internal facial features was related for infants with distributed caregiving only. Infants' performance across face processing tasks most often correlated for those with female primary caregivers. Results further our understanding of how infants with female primary caregivers display specialized processing of female faces, and how infants with distributed caregiving show similarities in their attention to female and male facial features.
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| 24. |
- Laukka, Erika J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Effects on Old-Age Cognitive Functioning : A Population-Based Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 28:1, s. 262-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between genotypes and cognitive outcomes may provide clues as to which mechanisms cause individual differences in old-age cognitive performance. We investigated the effects of five polymorphisms on cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of 2,694 persons without dementia (60-102 years). A structural equation model (SEM) was fit to the cognitive data, yielding five specific latent factors (perceptual speed, episodic memory, semantic memory, category fluency, and letter fluency), as well as a global cognitive factor. These factors showed the expected associations with chronological age. Genotyping was performed for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms that have been associated with cognitive performance: APOE (rs429358), COMT (rs4680), BDNF (rs6265), KIBRA (rs17070145), and CLSTN2 (rs6439886). After controlling for age, gender, and education, as well as correcting for multiple comparisons, we observed negative effects of being an APOE ε4 carrier on episodic memory and perceptual speed. Furthermore, being a CLSTN2 TT carrier was associated with poorer semantic memory. For the global factor, the same pattern of results was observed. In addition, being a BDNF any A carrier was associated with better cognitive performance. Also, older age was associated with stronger genetic effects of APOE on global cognition. However, this interaction effect was partly driven by the presence of preclinical dementia cases in our sample. Similarly, excluding future dementia cases attenuated the effects of APOE on episodic memory and global cognition, suggesting that part of the effects of APOE on old-age cognitive performance may be driven by dementia-related processes.
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| 25. |
- Libungan, Berglind, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary prevention in coronary artery disease. Achieved goals and possibilities for improvements.
- 2012
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 161:1, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe presence of risk indicators of recurrence 6months after hospitalisation due to coronary artery disease at a university clinic. METHODS: The presence of risk indicators, including tobacco use, lipid levels, blood pressure and glucometabolic status, including 24-hour blood pressure monitoring and an oral glucose-tolerance test, was analysed. RESULTS: Of 1465 patients who were screened, 402 took part in the survey (50% previous myocardial infarction and 50% angina pectoris). Mean age was 64years (range 40-85years) and 23% were women. Present medications were: lipid lowering drugs (statins; 94%), beta-blockers (85%), aspirin or warfarin (100%) and ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin II blockers (66%). Values above target levels recommended in guidelines were: a) low density lipoprotein (LDL) in 40%; b) mean blood pressure (day or night) in 38% and c) smoking in 13%. Of all patients, 66% had at least one risk factor (LDL or blood pressure above target levels or current smoking). An abnormal glucose-tolerance test was found in 59% of patients without known diabetes. If no history of diabetes, 85% had either LDL or blood pressure above target levels, current smoking or an abnormal glucose-tolerance test. However, with treatment intensification to patients with elevated risk factors 56% reached target levels for blood pressure and 79% reached target levels for LDL. CONCLUSION: Six months after hospitalisation due to coronary artery disease, despite the high use of medication aimed at prophylaxis against recurrence, the majority were either above target levels for LDL or blood pressure or continued to smoke.
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| 26. |
- Lovén, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Who are you looking at? : The influence of face gender on visual attention and memory for own- and other-race faces
- 2012
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Ingår i: Memory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 20:4, s. 321-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research suggests that the own-race bias (ORB) in memory for faces is a result of other-race faces receiving less visual attention at encoding. As women typically display an own-gender bias in memory for faces and men do not, we investigated whether face gender and sex of viewer influenced visual attention and memory for own- and other-race faces, and if preferential viewing of own-race faces contributed to the ORB in memory. Participants viewed pairs of female or male own- and other-race faces while their viewing time was recorded. Afterwards, they completed a surprise memory test. We found that (1) other-race males received the initial focus of attention, (2) own-race faces were viewed longer than other-race faces over time, although the difference was larger for female faces, and (3) even though longer viewing time increased the probability of remembering a face, it did not explain the magnified ORB in memory for female faces. Importantly, these findings highlight that face gender moderates attentional responses to and memory for own- and other-race faces.
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| 27. |
- Lovén, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Women's own-gender bias in face recognition memory : the role of attention at encoding
- 2011
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Ingår i: Experimental psychology (Göttingen). - Göttingen : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1618-3169 .- 2190-5142. ; 58:4, s. 333-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women remember more female than male faces, whereas men do not seem to display an own-gender bias in face recognition memory. Why women remember female faces to a greater extent than male faces is unclear; one proposition is that women attend more to and thereby process female faces more effortfully than male faces during encoding. A manipulation that distracts attention and reduces effortful processing may therefore decrease women's own-gender bias by reducing memory for female faces relative to male faces. In three separate experiments, women and men encoded female and male faces for later recognition in full attention and divided attention conditions. Results consistently showed that women, in contrast to men, displayed a reliable own-gender bias. Importantly, the magnitude of women's own-gender bias was not reduced in divided attention conditions, indicating that it is not a result of effortful processing of female faces. We suggest these results reflect that women have greater perceptual expertise for female faces, facilitating recognition memory.
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| 28. |
- Lövén, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Face gender modulates women’s brain activity during face encoding
- 2014
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Ingår i: Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1749-5016 .- 1749-5024. ; 9:7, s. 1000-1005
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women typically remember more female than male faces, whereas men do not show a reliable own-gender bias. However, little is known about the neural correlates of this own-gender bias in face recognition memory. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated whether face gender modulated brain activity in fusiform and inferior occipital gyri during incidental encoding of faces. Fifteen women and 14 men underwent fMRI while passively viewing female and male faces, followed by a surprise face recognition task. Women recognized more female than male faces and showed higher activity to female than male faces in individually defined regions of fusiform and inferior occipital gyri. In contrast, men's recognition memory and blood-oxygen-level-dependent response were not modulated by face gender. Importantly, higher activity in the left fusiform gyrus (FFG) to one gender was related to better memory performance for that gender. These findings suggest that the FFG is involved in the gender bias in memory for faces, which may be linked to differential experience with female and male faces.
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| 29. |
- Maitland, Scott B, et al.
(författare)
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Selective sex differences in declarative memory.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Mem Cognit. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-502X .- 1532-5946. ; 32:7, s. 1160-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex invariance of a six-factor, higher order model of declarative memory (two second-order factors: episodic and semantic memory; and four first-order factors: recall, recognition, fluency, and knowledge) was established for 1,796 participants (35-85 years). Metric invariance of first- and second-order factor loadings across sex was demonstrated. At the second-order level, a female advantage was observed for both episodic and semantic memory. At the first-order level, sex differences in episodic memory were apparent for both recall and recognition, whereas the differences in semantic memory were driven by a female superiority in fluency. Additional tests of sex differences in three age groups (35-50, 55-65, and 70-85 years of age) indicated that the female superiority in declarative memory diminished with advancing age. The factor-specific sex differences are discussed in relation to sex differences in hippocampal function.
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| 30. |
- Nordin, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related hippocampal resting-state connectivity shows axis-dependent associations with memory
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Functional connectivity across large-scale brain networks alters in older age and changes are often associated with memory decline. Studies assessing hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), however, rarely consider the anterior and posterior hippocampus separately, although evidence suggests they are part of two distinct networks differentially supporting memory. While only a limited number of studies have considered age effects on axis-related hippocampal connectivity, findings suggest that rsFC of the two regions display differential effects of age. Reports on the link between such effects and memory are however inconclusive, and previous findings mainly concern episodic memory, ignoring spatial memory also dependent on the hippocampus. Here, we therefore assessed age effects on axis-related hippocampal rsFC, accounting for associations with both episodic and spatial memory in young, middle-aged and older adults (n=194). The anterior and posterior hippocampus showed different age-related decreases in connectivity assessed across middle and older age, but common to the regions was a decreased coupling with the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Only connectivity between the posterior hippocampus and the lingual gyrus increased as a function of age, displaying negative associations with episodic memory. In contrast, the region’s connectivity with the insula, decreasing with age, was positively related to spatial memory. Consistent with previous reports, our findings indicate that hippocampal rsFC vary with age in an axis-dependent manner, and further add to the knowledge on this differentiation’s relevance to memory by showing that age-related rsFC of the anterior and posterior hippocampus is differentially associated with episodic and spatial memory.
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