| 31. |
- Håkansson, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of polymorphisms in the genes encoding interleukin-6 and estrogen receptor beta on the susceptibility to Parkinson's disease.
- 2005
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Ingår i: American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. - : Wiley. - 1552-4841 .- 1552-485X. ; 133:1, s. 88-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multifunctional cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in inflammatory processes in the central nervous system and increased levels of IL-6 have been found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It is known that estrogen inhibits the production of IL-6, via action on estrogen receptors, thereby pointing to an important influence of estrogen on IL-6. In a previous study, we reported an association between a G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 1730 in the gene coding for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) and age of onset of PD. To investigate the influence of a G/C SNP at position 174 in the promoter of the IL-6 gene, and the possible interaction of this SNP and the ERbeta G-1730A SNP on the risk for PD, the G-174C SNP was genotyped, by pyrosequencing, in 258 patients with PD and 308 controls. A significantly elevated frequency of the GG genotype of the IL-6 SNP was found in the patient group and this was most obvious among patients with an early age of onset (
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| 32. |
- Håkansson, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of genes coding for inflammatory components in Parkinson's disease.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 20:5, s. 569-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several findings obtained recently indicate that inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic variants of genes coding for components involved in immune reactions in the brain might therefore influence the risk of developing PD or the age of disease onset. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; T874A in intron 1), interferon-gamma receptor 2 (IFN-gamma R2; Gln64Arg), interleukin-10 (IL-10; G1082A in the promoter region), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH; Val379Ala), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; Lys469Glu) were genotyped, using pyrosequencing, in 265 patients with PD and 308 controls. None of the investigated SNPs was found to be associated with PD; however, the G1082A polymorphism in the IL-10 gene promoter was found to be related to the age of disease onset. Linear regression showed a significantly earlier onset with more A-alleles (P = 0.0095; after Bonferroni correction, P = 0.048), resulting in a 5-year delayed age of onset of the disease for individuals having two G-alleles compared with individuals having two A-alleles. The results indicate that the IL-10 G1082A SNP could possibly be related to the age of onset of PD.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Johansson, Fredrik
(författare)
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Evaluating the performance of TEWA systems
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is in military engagements the task of the air defense to protect valuable assets such as air bases from being destroyed by hostile aircrafts and missiles. In order to fulfill this mission, the defenders are equipped with sensors and firing units. To infer whether a target is hostile and threatening or not is far from a trivial task. This is dealt with in a threat evaluation process, in which the targets are ranked based upon their estimated level of threat posed to the defended assets. Once the degree of threat has been estimated, the problem of weapon allocation comes into the picture. Given that a number of threatening targets have been identified, the defenders need to decide on whether any firing units shall be allocated to the targets, and if so, which firing unit to engage which target. To complicate matters, the outcomes of such engagements are usually stochastic. Moreover, there are often tight time constraints on how fast the threat evaluation and weapon allocation processes need to be executed. There are already today a large number of threat evaluation and weapon allocation (TEWA) systems in use, i.e. decision support systems aiding military decision makers with the threat evaluation and weapon allocation processes. However, despite the critical role of such systems, it is not clear how to evaluate the performance of the systems and their algorithms. Hence, the work in thesis is focused on the development and evaluation of TEWA systems, and the algorithms for threat evaluation and weapon allocation being part of such systems. A number of algorithms for threat evaluation and static weapon allocation are suggested and implemented, and testbeds for facilitating the evaluation of these are developed. Experimental results show that the use of particle swarm optimization is suitable for real-time target-based weapon allocation in situations involving up to approximately ten targets and ten firing units, while it for larger problem sizes gives better results to make use of an enhanced greedy maximum marginal return algorithm, or a genetic algorithm seeded with the solution returned by the greedy algorithm.
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| 35. |
- Killander, F., et al.
(författare)
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No breast cancer subgroup can be spared postoperative radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. Fifteen-year results from the Swedish Breast Cancer Group randomised trial, SweBCG 91 RT
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 67, s. 57-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy (RT) is an established treatment for women with T1-2N0 breast cancers. Since subgroups of patients have low ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR) rates, it is important to study whether RT is necessary for all patients. Patients and methods A total of 1187 women with primary T1-2N0M0 breast cancer were randomised, after standardised sector resection, to postoperative whole breast RT or no local treatment. Adjuvant systemic therapy was offered to patients with stage II cancers. Patients were followed with clinical examinations and annual mammography for 10 years and thereafter referred to the Swedish mammography screening program. Results After 15 years of follow-up, a higher cumulative incidence of IBTR was observed in control patients, 23.9%, versus irradiated patients, 11.5%, P < 0.001. Recurrence-free survival was inferior, 51.7% versus 60.4%, P = 0.0013. The main effect of RT was seen during the first 5 years. However, overall survival was not significantly lower 68.4% versus 71.1%, P = 0.68, nor was breast cancer–specific mortality significantly higher. Conclusions RT after BCS significantly reduced the incidence of IBTR at 15 years of follow-up. We were unable to identify subgroups which could be spared RT. Breast cancer mortality was not significantly reduced after RT. Good predictive markers for radiation sensitivity and improved adjuvant systemic therapy are needed to omit RT after BCS.
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| 36. |
- Killander, Fredrika, et al.
(författare)
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No Increased Cardiac Mortality or Morbidity of Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients After Breast-Conserving Surgery : 20-Year Follow-up of the Randomized SweBCGRT Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 107:4, s. 701-709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeRadiation therapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery reduces locoregional recurrences and improves survival but may cause late side effects. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate long-term side effects after whole breast RT in a randomized clinical trial initiated in 1991 and to report dose-volume data based on individual 3-dimensional treatment plans for organs at risk.Methods and MaterialsThe trial included 1187 patients with T1-2 N0 breast cancer randomized to postoperative tangential whole breast RT or no further treatment. The prescription dose to the clinical target volume was 48 to 54 Gy. We present 20-year follow-up on survival, cause of death, morbidity, and later malignancies. For a cohort of patients (n = 157) with accessible computed tomography–based 3-dimensional treatment plans in Dicom-RT format, dose-volume descriptors for organs at risk were derived. In addition, these were compared with dose-volume data for a cohort of patients treated with contemporary RT techniques.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of cardiac mortality was 12.4% in the control group and 13.0% in the RT group (P = .8). There was an increase in stroke mortality: 3.4% in the control group versus 6.7% in the RT group (P = .018). Incidences of contralateral breast cancer and lung cancer were similar between groups. The median Dmean (range) heart dose for left-sided treatments was 3.0 Gy (1.1-8.1), and the corresponding value for patients treated in 2017 was 1.5 Gy (0.4-6.0).ConclusionsIn this trial, serious late side effects of whole breast RT were limited and less than previously reported in large meta-analyses. We observed no increase in cardiac mortality in irradiated patients. Doses to the heart were a median Dmean of 3.0 Gy for left-sided RT. The observed increase in stroke mortality may partly be secondary to cardiac side effects, complications to anticoagulant treatment, or to chance, rather than a direct side effect of tangential whole breast irradiation.
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| 37. |
- Koch, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of celecoxib on survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer : A double blind randomised clinical phase III trial (CYCLUS study) by the Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 47:10, s. 1546-1555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been associated with poor prognosis. Experimental and clinical phase II trials have indicated that the addition of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib to palliative chemotherapy might increase survival time in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre phase III trial at 13 centres in Sweden. Three hundred and nineteen patients with advanced NSCLC stage IIIB-IV and performance status 0-2 were randomised to receive celecoxib 400 mg b.i.d. or placebo in addition to palliative chemotherapy. The primary objective was to compare overall survival. Other end-points were quality of life, progression-free survival, toxicity, cardiovascular events and biological markers. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT00300729. Findings: Three hundred and sixteen patients were included in the analysis, 158 in each treatment group. Median survival time was 8.5 months. There was no survival difference between the treatment arms. Small but not statistically significant differences in global quality of life and pain were seen favouring the celecoxib group. No increased incidence of cardiovascular events was observed in the celecoxib group. Interpretation: This study failed to demonstrate a survival benefit of the addition of celecoxib to palliative chemotherapy.
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| 38. |
- Levine, Hagai, et al.
(författare)
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Male reproductive health statement (XIIIth international symposium on Spermatology, may 9th-12th 2018, Stockholm, Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Basic and Clinical Andrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-4190. ; 28:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the occasion of the XIIIth International Symposium on Spermatology held from 9 to 13 May 2018 in Stockholm (Sweden), participants (guest speakers and audience) collectively felt the need to make a public statement on the general issue of male reproductive health. Our intention is to raise awareness of what we believe is a neglected area of research despite alarming situations around the world. The disclosure strategy desired by the co-authors is to bring it to the attention of the greatest number partly by considering co-publication in the various periodicals dealing with Reproductive Biology and Andrology. BaCA's editorial office accepted this mission and found it natural that our periodical, the official journal of the French Andrology Society (SALF), should carry this message.
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| 39. |
- Lundin, Per, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the surface integrity after machining by means of non-destructive testing methods
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Engineering and Technologies Vol. 2. - Stockholm. - 9789175018935 ; , s. 283-292
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During metal machining, depending on the cutting conditions, surface and subsurface microstructure alteration are occasionally observed. These alternations are normally referred as “white” and “dark” layers. Due to their different mechanical properties in comparison to the unaffected material, they will have an impact on the finished part. Controlling the quality of the machined parts regarding the surface microstructure alteration by means of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods would be beneficial from production point of view. In this study, the surface integrity of AISI 52100 steel machined at different cutting conditions resulting in white and dark layers with different characteristics were studied. Surface topography, microstructure and residual stresses were examined by using light scattering, optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Whilst surface characterization was emphasized, one NDT method – magnetic Barkhausen noise (BN) technique – is not well defined for this purpose. The correlation between all the applied techniques was therefore investigated and a preliminary model was developed for the influence of surface roughness, stress conditions and white and dark layer thicknesses on BN signal.
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| 40. |
- Malmström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Breast conservation surgery, with and without radiotherapy, in women with lymph node-negative breast cancer: a randomised clinical trial in a population with access to public mammography screening.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - 0959-8049. ; 39, s. 1690-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of postoperative radiotherapy after sector resection for stage I-II lymph node-negative breast cancer was evaluated in a patient population with access to public mammographical screening. 1187 women were randomised to no further treatment or postoperative radiotherapy following a standardised sector resection and axillary dissection. Radiation was administered to a dose of 48-54 Gy. Median age was 60 years, and median size of the detected tumours was 12 mm. Of the women 65% had their tumours detected by mammographical screening. The relative risk (RR) of ipsilateral breast recurrence was significantly higher in the non-irradiated patients compared with the irradiated patients, RR=3.33 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.13-5.19, P<0.001). The corresponding cumulative incidence at 5 years was 14% versus 4%, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was similar, RR=1.16 (95% CI 0.81-1.65, P=0.41), with 5 year probabilities of 93 and 94%, respectively. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 5 years was significantly lower in the non-irradiated women, 77% versus 88% (P<0.001). Although women above 49 years of age, whose tumours were detected with mammographical screening, had the lowest rate of ipsilateral breast recurrence in this study, the cumulative incidence of such event amounted to 10% at 5 years if radiotherapy was not given. Such a recurrence rate has been considered as unacceptably high, but is, however, in the same range as that reported after lumpectomy and postoperative radiotherapy in published series.
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