| 421. |
- Wang, Jinling, et al.
(author)
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High Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Comorbidities Among Children and Adolescents With Severe Obesity From a Large Metropolitan Centre (Hangzhou, China)
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2392. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with obesity, and the prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities over 10 years in this population from a large metropolitan centre in China.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study (2008–2017) of patients aged <18 years with obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex] enrolled at the Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). Clinical assessments included anthropometry, blood pressure, liver ultrasound, lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, and uric acid. For examination of outcomes, our study cohort was stratified by sex and age bands (<10 vs. ≥10 years), with the study period also split into two strata (2008–2012 and 2013–2017).Results: A total of 2,916 patients (1,954 boys and 962 girls) were assessed at a mean age of 10.5 years. Patients almost invariably presented severe obesity (median BMI SDS = 2.98; Q1 = 2.60, Q3 = 3.39). Obesity-related comorbidities were common among boys and girls, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (2.6% and 3.6%, respectively), abnormal glycaemia (33.6% and 35.5%, respectively), hypertension (33.9% and 32.0%, respectively), dyslipidaemia (35.2% and 39.6%, respectively), hyperuricaemia (16.2% and 8.3%, respectively), acanthosis nigricans (71.9% and 64.0%, respectively), abnormal liver function (66.9% and 47.0%, respectively), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (63.8% and 45.1%, respectively); 38.7% of boys and 44.4% of girls aged ≥10 years had metabolic syndrome. Notably, the incidence of many cardiometabolic comorbidities was in 2013–2017 compared to 2008–2012. For example, rates of hypertension among boys aged <10 years and aged ≥10 years rose from 28.4% and 26.5% to 48.0% and 35.8%, respectively, and in girls from 20.3% and 20.8% to 41.7% and 39.6%, respectively. In 2013–2017, 9.5% of girls in the older group had metabolic syndrome compared to 2.2% in 2008–2013.Conclusions: We observed a high incidence of obesity-related cardiometabolic comorbidities among Chinese children and adolescents with severe obesity over 10 years. It was particularly concerning that rates of several comorbidities rose markedly over the study period, highlighting the need to address the obesity epidemic early in life (in China and elsewhere) to prevent the development of obesity-related comorbidities and, subsequently, of overt disease.
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| 422. |
- Wang, Kuan, et al.
(author)
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Threshold switching memristor-based stochastic neurons for probabilistic computing
- 2021
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In: Materials Horizons. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2051-6347 .- 2051-6355. ; 8:2, s. 619-629
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biological neurons exhibit dynamic excitation behavior in the form of stochastic firing, rather than stiffly giving out spikes upon reaching a fixed threshold voltage, which empowers the brain to perform probabilistic inference in the face of uncertainty. However, owing to the complexity of the stochastic firing process in biological neurons, the challenge of fabricating and applying stochastic neurons with bio-realistic dynamics to probabilistic scenarios remains to be fully addressed. In this work, a novel CuS/GeSe conductive-bridge threshold switching memristor is fabricated and singled out to realize electronic stochastic neurons, which is ascribed to the similarity between the stochastic switching behavior observed in the device and that of biological ion channels. The corresponding electric circuit of a stochastic neuron is then constructed and the probabilistic firing capacity of the neuron is utilized to implement Bayesian inference in a spiking neural network (SNN). The application prospects are demonstrated on the example of a tumor diagnosis task, where common fatal diagnostic errors of a conventional artificial neural network are successfully circumvented. Moreover, in comparison to deterministic neuron-based SNNs, the stochastic neurons enable SNNs to deliver an estimate of the uncertainty in their predictions, and the fidelity of the judgement is drastically improved by 81.2%.
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| 423. |
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| 424. |
- Wang, Shanshan, et al.
(author)
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Endface reflectivities of optical nanowires
- 2009
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In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 17:13, s. 10881-10886
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Endface reflectivities (ERs) of optical nanowires are investigated using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations. Typical ERs of both free-standing and substrate-supported silica, tellurite, PMMA and semiconductor nanowires or nanofibers are obtained. Unlike in conventional waveguides such as optical fibers, ERs of nanowires are usually considerably lower when operated in single mode. Dependences of ER on the diameter and the refractive index of the nanowire, and the wavelength of the guided light are also investigated. These results are helpful for estimating and understanding ERs in optical nanowires with diameters close to or smaller than the wavelengths of the light, and may offer valuable references for practical applications such as nanowire or nanofiber-based resonators and lasers.
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| 425. |
- Wang, Shixiu, et al.
(author)
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Size-dependent effects of plastic particles on antioxidant and immune responses of the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus
- 2024
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 914
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Micro-/nano-plastic particles (MNPs) are present in the ocean with potential detrimental impacts on marine ecosystems. Bivalves are often used as marine bioindicators and are ideal to evaluate the threat posed by various-sized MNPs. We exposed the mussel Mytilus coruscus to MNPs with different particle sizes (70 and 500 nm, 5, 10 and 100 μm) for 3, 72 h and 30 days. The antioxidant responses in digestive gland and the hemolymph were then evaluated. The time of exposure played a strong modulating role in the biological response. A 3-hour exposure had no significant impact on the digestive gland. After 72 h, an increase in oxidative stress was observed in the digestive gland, including increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. After a 30-day exposure, the oxidative stress decreased while lipid peroxidation increased. A 30-day exposure increased hemocyte mortality (HM) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the hemolymph, while phagocytosis (PA), lysosome content (LC), mitochondrial number (MN) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) significantly decreased. Longer-term exposure to MNPs caused oxidative stress in the digestive gland as well as impaired viability and immunity of hemocytes. Particle size also influenced the response with smaller particles having more severe effects. A depuration for 7 days was enough to reverse the negative effects observed on the digestive gland and hemolymph. This study provides new insights on the effects of small-sized MNPs, especially nanoplastic particles (NPs), on aquatic organisms, and provides a solid theoretical knowledge background for future studies on toxic effects of MNPs.
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| 426. |
- Wasiljeff, Joonas, et al.
(author)
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Morphology-Dependent Magnetic Properties in Shallow-Water Ferromanganese Concretions
- 2024
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In: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. - 1525-2027. ; 25:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ferromanganese concretions commonly occur in shallow-water coastal regions worldwide. In the Baltic Sea, they can record information about past and present underwater environments and could be a potential source for critical raw materials. We report on their microstructural characteristics and magnetic properties and link them to their formation mechanisms and environmental significance. Microstructural investigations from nano- and micro-computed tomography, electron microscopy, and micro-X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping reveal diverse growth patterns within concretions of different morphologies. Alternating Fe- and Mn-rich growth bands indicate fluctuating redox conditions during formation. Bullet-shaped magnetofossils, produced by magnetotactic bacteria, are present, which suggests the influence of bacterial activity on concretion formation. Spheroidal concretions, which occur in deeper and more tranquil environments, have enhanced microbial biomineralization and magnetofossil preservation. Conversely, crusts and discoidal concretions from shallower and more energetic environments contain fewer magnetofossils and have a greater detrital content. Our results provide insights into concretion formation mechanisms and highlight the importance of diagenetic processes, oxygen availability, and bacterial activity in the Baltic Sea.
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| 427. |
- Wei, A., et al.
(author)
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Adaptive H∞control of uncertain port-controlled Hamiltonian systems subject to actuator saturation
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the 30th Chinese Control Conference, CCC 2011. - 9789881725592 ; , s. 391-396
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper deals with the problem of adaptive control of uncertain nonlinear port-controlled Hamiltonian systems subject to actuator saturation, and proposes a number of results on the control design. Firstly, an adaptive H∞ control design approach is presented by using both the dissipative Hamiltonian structural and saturated actuator properties for the case that there are both parametric uncertainties and external disturbances in the AS systems. Secondly, the results obtained for Hamiltonian systems are applied to adaptive control for a class of uncertain nonlinear affine systems subject to actuator saturation, and several interesting results are obtained. Finally, study of an example of power systems with simulations shows that the adaptive controller proposed in this paper is effective.
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| 428. |
- Wei, A., et al.
(author)
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Adaptive robust parallel simultaneous stabilization of two uncertain port-controlled Hamiltonian systems subject to input saturation
- 2012
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In: Chinese Control Conference, CCC. - : IEEE. - 9789881563811 ; , s. 727-732
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper deals with the problem of adaptive robust parallel simultaneous stabilization(ARPSS) of two uncertain nonlinear port-controlled Hamiltonian systems subject to input saturation, and proposes a number of results on the control design. Firstly, an adaptive H∞ control design approach is presented by using both the dissipative Hamiltonian structural and saturated actuator properties for the case that there are both parametric uncertainties and external disturbances in the systems. Secondly, the results obtained for Hamiltonian systems are applied to ARPSS problem for two uncertain nonlinear affine systems subject to input saturation, and several interesting results are obtained. Finally, study of an example with simulations shows that the adaptive controller proposed in this paper is effective.
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| 429. |
- Wei, Airong, et al.
(author)
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Adaptive simultaneous stabilization of two Port-Controlled Hamiltonian systems subject to actuator saturation
- 2012
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In: Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA), 2012 10th World Congress on. - : IEEE. - 9781467313988 ; , s. 1767-1772
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the adaptive parallel simultaneous stabilization (APSS) of two multi-input nonlinear Port-Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems subject to actuator saturation, and proposes a number of results on the design of the APSS controllers. Using both the dissipative Hamiltonian structural and saturated actuator properties, the two systems are combined to generate an augmented PCH system subject to actuator saturation, with which some results on the control designs are then obtained. Study of an illustrative example with simulations shows that the APSS controller obtained in this paper is effective.
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| 430. |
- Wei, Airong, et al.
(author)
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Consensus of Linear Multi-Agent Systems Subject to Actuator Saturation
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1598-6446 .- 2005-4092. ; 11:4, s. 649-656
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is aimed at studying the consensus of linear multi-agent systems subject to actuator saturation. In order to solve the consensus problem, a new family of scheduled low-and-high-gain decentralized control laws are designed, provided that the dynamics of each agent is asymptotically null controllable with bounded controls, and such control laws rely on the asymptotic property of a class of parametric algebraic Ricatti equations. It is shown that the consensus of the systems with connected and fixed topology can be achieved semi-globally asymptotically via the local error low-and-high-gain feedback. An illustrative example with simulations shows that our method as well as control protocols is effective for the consensus of the linear multi-agent systems subject to actuator saturation.
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