| 51. |
- Newton-Cheh, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:6, s. 666-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated blood pressure is a common, heritable cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. To date, identification of common genetic variants influencing blood pressure has proven challenging. We tested 2.5 million genotyped and imputed SNPs for association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 34,433 subjects of European ancestry from the Global BPgen consortium and followed up findings with direct genotyping (N <= 71,225 European ancestry, N <= 12,889 Indian Asian ancestry) and in silico comparison (CHARGE consortium, N 29,136). We identified association between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and common variants in eight regions near the CYP17A1 (P = 7 x 10(-24)), CYP1A2 (P = 1 x 10(-23)), FGF5 (P = 1 x 10(-21)), SH2B3 (P = 3 x 10(-18)), MTHFR (P = 2 x 10(-13)), c10orf107 (P = 1 x 10(-9)), ZNF652 (P = 5 x 10(-9)) and PLCD3 (P = 1 x 10(-8)) genes. All variants associated with continuous blood pressure were associated with dichotomous hypertension. These associations between common variants and blood pressure and hypertension offer mechanistic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and may point to novel targets for interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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| 52. |
- Nobrega, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Mangrove microbiome reveals importance of sulfur metabolism in tropical coastal waters
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mangroves under macro-tidal regimes are global carbon sequestration hotspots but the microbial drivers of biogeochemical cycles remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the drivers of mangrove microbial community composition across a porewater-creek-estuary-ocean continuum. Observations were performed on the Amazon region in one of the largest mangrove systems worldwide with effective sequestration of organic carbon buried in soils and dissolved carbon via outwelling to the ocean. The potential export to the adjacent oceanic region ranged from 57 to 380 kg of dissolved and particulate organic carbon per second (up to 33 thousand tons C per day). Macro tides modulated microbial communities and their metabolic processes, e.g., anoxygenic phototrophy, sulfur, and nitrogen cycling. Respiration, sulfur metabolism and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels were linked to functional groups and microbial cell counts. Total microbial counts decreased and cyanobacteria counts peaked in the spring tide. The microbial groups driving carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and methane cycles were consistent across all spatial scales. Taxonomic groups engaged in sulfur cycling (Allochromatium, Desulfovibrio, and Thibacillus) within mangroves were abundant at all scales. Tidally-driven porewater exchange within mangroves drove a progressive increase of sulfur cycle taxonomic groups and their functional genes both temporally (tidal cycles) and spatially (from mangrove porewater to continental shelf). Overall, we revealed a unified and consistent response of microbiomes at different spatial and temporal scales to tidally-driven mangrove porewater exchange.
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| 53. |
- Reading, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Land use drives nitrous oxide dynamics in estuaries on regional and global scales
- 2020
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 65:8, s. 1903-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban and agricultural development of coastal catchments is known to increase dissolved nitrogen inputs into estuaries; however, much less is known about how land use influences the production of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Here, we assess dissolved N2O dynamics in four nearby estuaries across a regional land use gradient and summarize the literature to put the observations into global perspective. During summer dry conditions, N2O saturation ranged from 131.4% +/- 45.0% in the most pristine system (28% modified) to 198.6% +/- 52.3% within the most modified urban system (91% modified). The N2O saturation in the wetter winter campaign was higher and more variable than the summer dry campaign (range 84.7-677.7%) likely due to direct transport of N2O into the estuaries from catchment runoff and/or produced through denitrification fueled by high nitrate inputs. During both seasons, N2O was lowest in areas adjacent to fringing mangroves and highest in upstream fresh/saltwater mixing areas. Coupling our results with previously published N2O data from 50 estuarine systems worldwide revealed that estuarine N2O increases concomitantly with catchment modification, dissolved inorganic nitrogen availability, and decreasing oxygen concentrations. Based on these results, a 1% increase in anthropogenic modification to global catchments (i.e., agricultural development and/or urbanization) may increase estuarine N2O saturation by 2.6% +/- 1.2%. These findings indicate that future estuarine N2O emissions are likely to increase as anthropogenic modification of coastal catchments intensifies.
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| 54. |
- Wadnerkar, P. D., et al.
(författare)
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Nitrate removal and nitrous oxide production from hothouse effluent draining to a pipe bioreactor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8574. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural hothouses are intensive food production systems relying on high fertilization and irrigation. Runoff from hothouses can contain high levels of nitrogen (N) and drain into streams. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of buried, inline woodchip bioreactors constructed using PVC pipes in removing nitrate (NO3−-N) and the possibility of pollution swapping from nitrate to the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Mean dissolved NO3−-N removal and N2O gas production were 6.0 ± 5.2 g N m−3 h−1 (0.9–12.3 g N m−3 h−1), and 35.1 ± 31.4 mg N L−1 h−1 (14–83 mg N L−1 h−1) respectively, across five surveys. NO3−-N removal and N2O-N production occurred primarily in hypoxic to anoxic conditions. Overall, these inline pipe bioreactors achieved nitrate removal efficiencies (NRE) of 14.5 ± 6.8% (8.2%–25.0%) and N2O production equivalent to 0.7 ± 0.6% (0.3–1.4%) of nitrate removal. Comparisons to the literature indicate that our bioreactors have a low NRE but a very high nitrate removal rate (NRR) on a woodchip volume basis. The bioreactor was operating at 21% water capacity. Therefore, increasing the bioreactor water height would be needed to maximize nitrate removal. Our results imply that these bioreactors can efficiently remove NO3-N without major N2O release to the atmosphere. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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| 55. |
- White, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Anthropogenic nitrate attenuation versus nitrous oxide release from a woodchip bioreactor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491. ; 300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen loss via overland flow from agricultural land use is a global threat to waterways. On-farm denitrifying woodchip bioreactors can mitigate NO3− exports by increasing denitrification capacity. However, denitrification in sub-optimal conditions releases the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), swapping the pollution from aquatic to atmospheric reservoirs. Here, we assess NO3−-N removal and N2O emissions from a new edge-of-field surface-flow bioreactor during ten rain events on intensive farming land. Nitrate removal rates (NRR) varied between 5.4 and 76.2 g NO3−-N m−3 wetted woodchip d−1 with a mean of 30.3 ± 7.3 g NO3−-N m−3. The nitrate removal efficiency (NRE) was ∼73% in ideal hydrological conditions and ∼18% in non-ideal conditions. The fraction of NO3−-N converted to N2O (rN2O) in the bioreactor was ∼3.3 fold lower than the expected 0.75% IPCC emission factor. We update the global bioreactor estimated Q10 (NRR increase every 10 °C) from a recent meta-analysis with previously unavailable data to >20 °C, yielding a new global Q10 factor of 3.1. Mean N2O CO2-eq emissions (431.9 ± 125.4 g CO2-eq emissions day−1) indicate that the bioreactor was not significantly swapping aquatic NO3− for N2O pollution. Our estimated NO3−-N removal from the bioreactor (9.9 kg NO3−-N ha−1 yr−1) costs US$13.14 per kg NO3−-N removed and represents ∼30% NO3−-N removal when incorporating all flow and overflow events. Overall, edge-of-field surface-flow bioreactors seem to be a cost-effective solution to reduce NO3−-N runoff with minor pollution swapping to N2O. © 2022
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| 56. |
- Agustí, A., et al.
(författare)
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Tripartite Genuine Non-Gaussian Entanglement in Three-Mode Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 125:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that the states generated by a three-mode spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) interaction Hamiltonian possess tripartite entanglement of a different nature to other paradigmatic three-mode entangled states generated by the combination of two-mode SPDC interactions. While two-mode SPDC generates Gaussian states whose entanglement can be characterized by standard criteria based on two-mode quantum correlations, these criteria fail to capture the entanglement generated by three-mode SPDC. We use criteria built from three-mode correlation functions to show that the class of states recently generated in a superconducting-circuit implementation of three-mode SPDC ideally have tripartite entanglement, contrary to recent claims in the literature. These criteria are suitable for triple SPDC but we show that they fail to detect tripartite entanglement in other states which are known to possess it, which illustrates the existence of two fundamentally different notions of tripartite entanglement in three-mode continuous-variable systems.
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| 57. |
- Baker, Maggie, et al.
(författare)
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Early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:44, s. 11769-11774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, PR) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). Focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on H3K4me3 binding by ANOVA. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response, the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR, for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Based on this finding, we performed behavioral analyses to deter mine whether a gain-of-function nonsynonymous OXTR SNP inter acted with early stress to influence relevant behavioral stress reactivity phenotypes (n = 194), revealing that this SNP partially rescued the PR phenotype. PR infants exhibited higher levels of separation anxiety and arousal in response to social separation, but infants carrying the alternative OXTR allele did not exhibit as great a separation response. These data indicate that the oxytocin system is involved in social-separation response and suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR could contribute to behavior al differences observed in PR animals. Epigenetic changes at OXTR may represent predictive adaptive responses that could impart readiness to respond to environmental challenge or maintain proximity to a caregiver but also contribute to behavioral pathology. Our data also demonstrate that OXTR polymorphism can permit animals to partially overcome the detrimental effects of early maternal deprivation, which could have translational implications for human psychiatric disorders.
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| 58. |
- Chang, C. W. Sandbo, et al.
(författare)
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Generating Multimode Entangled Microwaves with a Superconducting Parametric Cavity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate the generation of multimode entangled states of propagating microwaves. The entangled states are generated by our parametrically pumping a multimode superconducting cavity. By combining different pump frequencies, applied simultaneously to the device, we can produce different entanglement structures in a programable fashion. The Gaussian output states are fully characterized by our measuring the full covariance matrices of the modes. The covariance matrices are absolutely calibrated by our using an in situ microwave calibration source, a shot-noise tunnel junction. Applying a variety of entanglement measures, we demonstrate both full inseparability and genuine tripartite entanglement of the states. Our method is easily extensible to more modes.
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| 59. |
- Conrad, S. R., et al.
(författare)
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Land use change increases contaminant sequestration in blue carbon sediments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal blue carbon habitats perform many important environmental functions, including long-term carbon and an-thropogenic contaminant storage. Here, we analysed twenty-five 210Pb-dated mangrove, saltmarsh, and seagrass sed-iment cores from six estuaries across a land-use gradient to determine metal, metalloid, and phosphorous sedimentary fluxes. Cadmium, arsenic, iron, and manganese had linear to exponential positive correlations between concentrations, sediment flux, geoaccumulation index, and catchment development. Increases in anthropogenic development (agricul-tural or urban land uses) from > 30 % of the total catchment area enhanced mean concentrations of arsenic, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc between 1.5 and 4.3-fold. A similar to 30 % anthropogenic land-use was the threshold in which blue carbon sediment quality begins to be detrimentally impacted on an entire estuary scale. Fluxes of phosphorous, cadmium, lead, and aluminium responded similarly, increasing 1.2 to 2.5-fold when anthropogenic land-use increased by at least 5 %. Exponential increases in phosphorus flux to estuary sediments seem to precede eutrophication as ob-served in more developed estuaries. Overall, multiple lines of evidence revealed how catchment development drives blue carbon sediment quality across a regional scale.
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| 60. |
- Gurvits,, et al.
(författare)
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The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Astronautica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-5765. ; 196, s. 314-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-high angular resolution in astronomy has always been an important vehicle for making fundamental discoveries. Recent results in direct imaging of the vicinity of the supermassive black hole in the nucleus of the radio galaxy M87 by the millimeter VLBI system Event Horizon Telescope and various pioneering results of the Space VLBI mission RadioAstron provided new momentum in high angular resolution astrophysics. In both mentioned cases, the angular resolution reached the values of about 10???20 microarcseconds (0.05???0.1 nanoradian). Further developments towards at least an order of magnitude ???sharper???values, at the level of 1 microarcsecond are dictated by the needs of advanced astrophysical studies. The paper emphasis that these higher values can only be achieved by placing millimeter and submillimeter wavelength interferometric systems in space. A concept of such the system, called Terahertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics, has been proposed in the framework of the ESA Call for White Papers for the Voyage 2050 long term plan in 2019. In the current paper we present new science objectives for such the concept based on recent results in studies of active galactic nuclei and supermassive black holes. We also discuss several approaches for addressing technological challenges of creating a millimeter/sub-millimeter wavelength interferometric system in space. In particular, we consider a novel configuration of a space-borne millimeter/sub-millimeter antenna which might resolve several bottlenecks in creating large precise mechanical structures. The paper also presents an overview of prospective space-qualified technologies of low-noise analogue front-end instrumentation for millimeter/sub-millimeter telescopes. Data handling and processing instrumentation is another key technological component of a sub-millimeter Space VLBI system. Requirements and possible implementation options for this instrumentation are described as an extrapolation of the current state-of-the-art Earth-based VLBI data transport and processing instrumentation. The paper also briefly discusses approaches to the interferometric baseline state vector determination and synchronisation and heterodyning system. The technology-oriented sections of the paper do not aim at presenting a complete set of technological solutions for sub-millimeter (terahertz) space-borne interferometers. Rather, in combination with the original ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper, it sharpens the case for the next generation microarcsecond-level imaging instruments and provides starting points for further in-depth technology trade-off studies.
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