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| 182. |
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| 183. |
- Kjaerulff, T. M., et al.
(författare)
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Finasteride Use and Risk of Male Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study Using Individual-Level Registry Data from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1055-9965. ; 28:5, s. 980-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In case reports, concerns have been raised as to whether finasteride use increases the risk of male breast cancer. Previous epidemiologic evidence on the potential link is conflicting. This study aimed to assess whether an association between finasteride use and male breast cancer exists after accounting for potential confounders. Methods: The source population consisted of all men (similar to 35 years) from Denmark (1995-2014), Finland (1997-2013), and Sweden (2005-2014). Cases with incident male breast cancer were identified in the cancer registries and matched with 50 density-sampled, age, and country-matched male population controls per case. Exposure information on finasteride use was derived from the prescription registries. Potential confounders were identified using the directed acyclic graph methodology and measured by use of information from nation-wide registries. Results: The study population comprised 1,005 male breast cancer cases and 43,058 controls. Confounder-adjusted odds of finasteride exposure were not statistically significantly increased [OR, 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-1.54] in breast cancer cases relative to controls. There was no evidence of a dose-response relationship, as the group with greatest exposure to finasteride was associated with lowest OR of male breast cancer [OR, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.40-1.30)]. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal marked changes in results with different exposure definitions or for specific subgroups. Conclusions: Results from this study provided no evidence that finasteride use was associated with male breast cancer. Impact: This large confounder-adjusted study supports the view that exposure to finasteride is not associated materially with male breast cancer risk.
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| 184. |
- Kjaerulff, T. M., et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of finasteride use in the male populations of four Nordic countries: A cross-national drug utilization study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 50:3, s. 220-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Finasteride 5 mg is a drug used to treat prostate hyperplasia. Little is known about its pattern of usage. This cross-national analysis of individual-level data from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden was undertaken to appraise its usage and describe cross-national differences. Materials and methods Individual-level data from nationwide prescription registers in Denmark (1995-2009), Finland (1997-2010), Norway (2004-2009) and Sweden (July 2005-2011) were used to examine cross-national finasteride utilization patterns in the adult male population (>= 15 years). The study presents period prevalences, incidence rates, waiting time distributions and Lorenz curves. Results During the study period, 295,620 men had at least one prescription redemption of finasteride 5 mg, and there were approximately 3 million dispensing events of finasteride prescriptions in the four Nordic countries. Different patterns of finasteride use were observed among the four Nordic countries. The period prevalence was markedly higher in Finland and Sweden than in Denmark and Norway. In 2009, period prevalences were 18.2/1000 males in Finland and 12.0/1000 males in Sweden compared to 6.7/1000 males in Norway and 4.9/1000 males in Denmark. Incidence rates of finasteride use for Finland, Norway and Sweden were about three times that for Denmark in 2008-2009. Long-term use of finasteride was found in all four Nordic countries with a high ratio between prevalent and incident users. Conclusion Despite resemblances regarding political systems and healthcare services in the Nordic countries, differences in finasteride utilization were found across Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. RAMS P, 1994, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, V308, P929
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| 186. |
- Krishna Vadivel, Chella, et al.
(författare)
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Staphylococcus aureus induce drug resistance in cancer T cells in Sézary Syndrome
- 2024
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Ingår i: Blood. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 143:15, s. 1496-1512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key Points Enterotoxins from Staphylococcus aureus bacteria induce drug resistance in primary malignant T cells in Sézary syndrome. Targeting bacteria, their toxins, and downstream signaling pathways in malignant T cells abrogate the induction of drug resistance. Patients with Sézary syndrome (SS), a leukemic variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), are prone to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections and have a poor prognosis due to treatment-resistance. Here, we report that S. aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) induce drug resistance in malignant T-cells against therapeutics commonly used in CTCL. Supernatant from patient-derived, SE-producing S. aureus and recombinant SE significantly inhibit cell death induced by HDAC inhibitor romidepsin in primary malignant T-cells from SS patients. Bacterial killing by engineered, bacteriophage-derived, S. aureus-specific endolysin (XZ.700) abrogates the effect of S. aureus supernatant. Likewise, mutations in MHC Class II binding sites of SE type-A (SEA) and anti-SEA antibody block induction of resistance. Importantly, SE also triggers resistance to other HDAC inhibitors (vorinostat and resminostat) and chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin and etoposide). Multimodal single-cell sequencing indicates TCR, NFB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways (previously associated with drug-resistance) as putative mediators of SE-induced drug resistance. In support, inhibition of TCR-signaling and Protein Kinase C (upstream of NFB) counteracts SE-induced rescue from drug-induced cell death. Inversely, SE cannot rescue from cell death induced by proteasome/NFB inhibitor bortezomib. Inhibition of JAK/STAT only blocks SE-induced rescue of malignant T-cells in some but not all patients, suggesting two distinct ways SE can induce drug resistance. In conclusion, we show that S. aureus enterotoxins induce drug-resistance in primary malignant T-cells. These findings suggest that S. aureus enterotoxins cause clinical treatment-resistance in SS patients and that anti-bacterial measures may improve the outcome of cancer-directed therapy in patients harboring S. aureus
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| 187. |
- Kristiansen, Kristian, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Re-theorising mobility and the formation of culture and language among the Corded Ware Culture in Europe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Antiquity. - : Antiquity Publications. - 0003-598X .- 1745-1744. ; 91:356, s. 334-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copyright © 2017 Antiquity Publications Ltd.Recent genetic, isotopic and linguistic research has dramatically changed our understanding of how the Corded Ware Culture in Europe was formed. Here the authors explain it in terms of local adaptations and interactions between migrant Yamnaya people from the Pontic-Caspian steppe and indigenous North European Neolithic cultures. The original herding economy of the Yamnaya migrants gradually gave way to new practices of crop cultivation, which led to the adoption of new words for those crops. The result of this hybridisation process was the formation of a new material culture, the Corded Ware Culture, and of a new dialect, Proto-Germanic. Despite a degree of hostility between expanding Corded Ware groups and indigenous Neolithic groups, stable isotope data suggest that exogamy provided a mechanism facilitating their integration. This article should be read in conjunction with that by Heyd (2017, in this issue).
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