| 51. |
- Franzén, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in phenology, daily timing of activity, and associations of temperature utilization with survival in three threatened butterflies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used observational data collected during a mark-recapture study that generated a total of 7503 captures of 6108 unique individuals representing three endangered butterfly species to quantify inter-and intraindividual variation in temperature utilization and examine how activity patterns vary according to season, time of day, and ambient temperature. The Marsh Fritillary, the Apollo, and the Large Blue differed in utilized temperatures and phenology. Their daily activity patterns responded differently to temperature, in part depending on whether they were active in the beginning, middle or end of the season, in part reflecting interindividual variation and intraindividual flexibility, and in part owing to differences in ecology, morphology, and colouration. Activity temperatures varied over the season, and the Apollo and the Large Blue were primarily active at the highest available ambient temperatures (on the warmest days and during the warmest part of the day). The Marsh Fritillary was active early in the season and decreased activity during the highest temperatures. The relationship between individual lifespan and the average temperature was qualitatively different in the three species pointing to species-specific selection. Lifespan increased with an increasing range of utilized temperatures in all species, possibly reflecting that intra-individual flexibility comes with a general survival benefit.
|
|
| 52. |
- Franzén, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Yearly weather variation and surface temperature drives the spatiotemporal dynamics of a threatened butterfly and its host plant
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-701X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It remains unclear to what extent yearly weather variation and spatial variation in microclimate influences the outcome of interacting plant-animal species and whether responses differ between life stages. We collected data over several years on 46 ha on File Hajdar, Gotland, Sweden, and executed a complete mapping of larva nests (n = 776) and imago (n = 5,952) of the marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurinia and its host plant Succisa pratensis. The phenology of the butterflies and the major nectar plants visited varied among years. The duration of the adult flight period decreased with increasing ambient air temperatures. The density of butterflies, host plants, and host plant leaf size increased between years with increasing precipitation in the preceding year, and decreased with increasing average ambient air temperature in the preceding year. In 2021-2022 we deployed a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a high-resolution thermal sensor to measure spatial variation in surface temperatures in the study area. We found that survival from the egg to the larva stage increased with increasing surface temperature and host plant density. Host plants and larva nests generally occupied warmer microhabitats compared to imago butterflies. The results further suggested that the relationships linking surface temperature to the densities of imago, larva, host plants, and leaf size differed qualitatively between years. In 2017, larva nests and host plant density increased with increasing surface temperatures, and butterflies showed a non-linear response with a density peak at intermediate temperatures. As a result of the extreme drought in 2018 there was a reduction in maximum leaf size, and in the densities of plants, larvae, and butterflies. Moreover, the slopes of the relationships linking the density of larvae, butterflies, and plants to temperature shifted from linear positive to negative or curvilinear. Our findings demonstrate how yearly weather variation and heterogeneous surface temperatures can drive the spatiotemporal distribution and dynamics of butterflies and their host plants. The context specificity of the responses indicated by our results makes it challenging to project how climate change will affect the dynamics of ecological communities.
|
|
| 53. |
- Frenkel, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Improper excess light energy dissipation in Arabidopsis results in a metabolic reprogramming
- 2009
-
Ingår i: BMC Plant Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2229. ; 9:12, s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Plant performance is affected by the level of expression of PsbS, a key photoprotective protein involved in the process of feedback de-excitation (FDE), or the qE component of non-photochemical quenching, NPQ. Results: In studies presented here, under constant laboratory conditions the metabolite profiles of leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and plants lacking or overexpressing PsbS were very similar, but under natural conditions their differences in levels of PsbS expression were associated with major changes in metabolite profiles. Some carbohydrates and amino acids differed ten-fold in abundance between PsbS-lacking mutants and over-expressers, with wild-type plants having intermediate amounts, showing that a metabolic shift had occurred. The transcriptomes of the genotypes also varied under field conditions, and the genes induced in plants lacking PsbS were similar to those reportedly induced in plants exposed to ozone stress or treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Genes involved in the biosynthesis of JA were up-regulated, and enzymes involved in this pathway accumulated. JA levels in the undamaged leaves of field-grown plants did not differ between wild-type and PsbS-lacking mutants, but they were higher in the mutants when they were exposed to herbivory. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lack of FDE results in increased photooxidative stress in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis plants grown in the field, which elicits a response at the transcriptome level, causing a redirection of metabolism from growth towards defence that resembles a MeJA/JA response.
|
|
| 54. |
|
|
| 55. |
- Fröbert, Ole, et al.
(författare)
-
Thrombus Aspiration during ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 2013
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 369:17, s. 1587-1597
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe clinical effect of routine intracoronary thrombus aspiration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate whether thrombus aspiration reduces mortality. MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial, with enrollment of patients from the national comprehensive Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) and end points evaluated through national registries. A total of 7244 patients with STEMI undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to manual thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to PCI only. The primary end point was all-cause mortality at 30 days. ResultsNo patients were lost to follow-up. Death from any cause occurred in 2.8% of the patients in the thrombus-aspiration group (103 of 3621), as compared with 3.0% in the PCI-only group (110 of 3623) (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.22; P=0.63). The rates of hospitalization for recurrent myocardial infarction at 30 days were 0.5% and 0.9% in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.07; P=0.09), and the rates of stent thrombosis were 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.02; P=0.06). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the rate of stroke or neurologic complications at the time of discharge (P=0.87). The results were consistent across all major prespecified subgroups, including subgroups defined according to thrombus burden and coronary flow before PCI. ConclusionsRoutine thrombus aspiration before PCI as compared with PCI alone did not reduce 30-day mortality among patients with STEMI. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01093404.)
|
|
| 56. |
- Galván, Ignacio Fdez., et al.
(författare)
-
OpenMolcas : From Source Code to Insight
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 15:11, s. 5925-5964
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this Article we describe the OpenMolcas environment and invite the computational chemistry community to collaborate. The open-source project already includes a large number of new developments realized during the transition from the commercial MOLCAS product to the open-source platform. The paper initially describes the technical details of the new software development platform. This is followed by brief presentations of many new methods, implementations, and features of the OpenMolcas program suite. These developments include novel wave function methods such as stochastic complete active space self-consistent field, density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods, and hybrid multiconfigurational wave function and density functional theory models. Some of these implementations include an array of additional options and functionalities. The paper proceeds and describes developments related to explorations of potential energy surfaces. Here we present methods for the optimization of conical intersections, the simulation of adiabatic and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, and interfaces to tools for semiclassical and quantum mechanical nuclear dynamics. Furthermore, the Article describes features unique to simulations of spectroscopic and magnetic phenomena such as the exact semiclassical description of the interaction between light and matter, various X-ray processes, magnetic circular dichroism, and properties. Finally, the paper describes a number of built-in and add-on features to support the OpenMolcas platform with postcalculation analysis and visualization, a multiscale simulation option using frozen-density embedding theory, and new electronic and muonic basis sets.
|
|
| 57. |
- Godtman, Rebecka Arnsrud, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Surgeon volume and patient-reported urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Population-based register study in Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the association between surgeon volume and urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Methods: A total of 8326 men in The National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden (NPCR) underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) between 2017 and 2019 of whom 56% (4668/8 326) had responded to a questionnaire one year after RARP. The questionnaire included the question: ‘How much urine leakage do you experience?’ with the response alternatives ‘Not at all’, ‘A little’, defined as continence and ‘Moderately’, ‘Much/Very much’ as incontinence. Association between incontinence and mean number of RARPs/year/surgeon was analysed with multivariable logistic regression including age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), PSA, prostate volume, number of biopsy cores with cancer, cT stage, Gleason score, lymph node dissection, nerve sparing intent and response rate to the questionnaire. Results: 14% (659/4 668) of the men were incontinent one year after RARP. There was no statistically significant association between surgeon volume and incontinence. Older age (>75 years vs. < 65 years, OR 2.29 [95% CI 1.48–3.53]), higher CCI (CCI 2+ vs. CCI 0, OR 1.37 [95% CI 1.04–1.80]) and no nerve sparing intent (no vs. yes OR 1.53 [95% CI 1.26–1.85]) increased risk of incontinence. There were large differences in the proportion of incontinent men between surgeons with similar annual volumes, which remained after adjustment. Conclusions: The lack of association between surgeon volume and incontinence and the wide range in outcome between surgeons with similar volumes underline the importance of individual feedback to surgeons on functional results. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
|
|
| 58. |
- Gottsäter, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Crack widths in base restrained walls subjected to restraint loading
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Engineering Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7323 .- 0141-0296. ; 189, s. 272-285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cracks in concrete structures can have a negative impact on durability and aesthetic appearance. It is therefore important to estimate crack widths before construction, and to use suitable reinforcement amounts to limit crack widths. Crack widths are however hard to predict in restrained structures, as cracking reduces the stiffness, which in turn reduces the restraint and thereby the amount of cracking. In this paper, nonlinear finite element analyses of cracking are performed on base restrained walls mainly subjected to shrinkage. A non-linear material model for concrete and a bond-slip relation for concrete – reinforcement interaction are used. The model does not include the hardening process of concrete but instead applies the load effects on mature concrete, and is validated by comparisons with test results from full scale tests performed in previous research. Additionally, a sensitivity study is made to investigate the influence of certain parameters on crack widths and crack patterns. The intention is to use the model in the development of a model to be used in design of concrete structures which takes restraint effects into account in an improved, yet a simplified way. The results show that the model gives realistic crack patterns, but that it tends to overestimate crack widths and the number of cracks obtained. Therefore, the model is considered to be acceptable.
|
|
| 59. |
- Hagvall Svensson, Oskar, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Authenticity work in higher education learning environments: a double-edged sword?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Higher Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-1560 .- 1573-174X. ; 84, s. 67-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational authenticity occupies a strong position in higher education research and reform, building on the assumption that correspondence between higher education learning environments and professional settings is a driver of student engagement and transfer of knowledge beyond academia. In this paper, we draw attention to an overlooked aspect of authenticity, namely the rhetorical work teachers engage in to establish their learning environments as authentic and pedagogically appropriate. We use the term “authenticity work” to denote such rhetorical work. Drawing on ethnography and critical discourse analysis, we describe how two teachers engaged in authenticity work through renegotiating professional and educational discourse in their project-based engineering course. This ideological project was facilitated by three discursive strategies: (1) deficitization of students and academia, (2) naturalization of industry practices, and (3) polarization of the state of affairs in academia and in industry. Our findings suggest that authenticity work is a double-edged sword: While authenticity work may serve to bolster the legitimacy that is ascribed to learning environments, it may also close down opportunities for students to develop critical thinking about their profession and their education. Based on these findings, we discuss implications for teaching and propose a nascent research agenda for authenticity work in higher education learning environments.
|
|
| 60. |
- Hammarsten, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of a Sensitive Copeptin Assay for Clinical Measurement
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Open Clinical Chemistry Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 2588-7785 .- 1874-2416. ; 5:1, s. 21-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Background: Copeptin, a marker of vasopressin production, has been introduced for earlier diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and other clinical emergencies. We evaluated the analytical performance of a new generation copeptin assay in an inter-laboratory trial. Methods: Precision, linearity range, carry-over contamination, the limit of blank and an inter-laboratory comparison trial for the copeptin US KRYPTOR assay were performed on the B·R·A·H·M·S KRYPTOR compact PLUS. Results: The intra-assay imprecision (CVs) was 12.6–2.2% and total imprecision over five days was 12.3-4.3% between 3.1 and 18.2 pmol/L. The assay had excellent linearity between 7-222 pmol/L. The limit of blank was 2.5 pmol/L and the limit of detection was 3.2 pmol/L, but was dependent on the analyte-free material used. No significant difference between sample type, such as serum or different types of plasma or reagent lots, was noted. The copeptin results remained unchanged upon five repeated freeze-thaw cycles. A set of patient samples with a mean copeptin concentration of 2.1-61 pmol/L run at two separate sites showed close correlation (r2=0.99, slope=1.01, intercept=0.35), indicating comparable results across laboratories. Conclusion: The new ultrasensitive copeptin KRYPTOR assay shows excellent inter-lab precision, opening up the possibility for international guidelines to exclude acute myocardial infarction.
|
|
