| 41. |
- Gummesson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for undergraduate medical education : development and exploration of social validity
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6920. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The development of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a framework for work-based training and assessment in undergraduate medical education has become popular. EPAs are defined as units of a professional activity requiring adequate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with a recognized output of professional labor, independently executable within a time frame, observable and measurable in its process and outcome, and reflecting one or more competencies. Before a new framework is implemented in a specific context, it is valuable to explore social validity, that is, the acceptability by relevant stakeholders.Aim: The aim of our work was to define Core EPAs for undergraduate medical education and further explore the social validity of the constructs.Method and material: In a nationwide collaboration, EPAs were developed using a modified Delphi procedure and validated according to EQual by a group consisting of teachers nominated from each of the seven Swedish medical schools, two student representatives, and an educational developer (n = 16). In the next step, social validity was explored in a nationwide survey. The survey introduced the suggested EPAs. For each EPA, the importance of the EPA was rated, as was the rater’s perception of the present graduates’ required level of supervision when performing the activity. Free-text comments were also included and analyzed.Results: Ten Core EPAs were defined and validated. The validation scores for EQual ranged from 4.1 to 4.9. The nationwide survey had 473 responders. All activities were rated as “important” by most responders, ranging from 54 to 96%. When asked how independent current graduates were in performing the ten activities, 6 to 35% reported “independent”. The three themes of the free text comments were: ‘relevant target areas and content’; ‘definition of the activities’; and ‘clinical practice and learning’.Conclusion: Ten Core EPAs were defined and assessed as relevant for Swedish undergraduate medical education. There was a consistent gap between the perceived importance and the certainty that the students could perform these professional activities independently at the time of graduation. These results indicate that the ten EPAs may have a role in undergraduate education by creating clarity for all stakeholders.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hanson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Variants of Coagulation Factor XI Show Association with Ischemic Stroke Up to 70 Years of Age
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coagulation factor XI (FXI) has an important role in the propagation and stabilization of a thrombus upon vessel injury. High FXI levels have been implicated in thrombotic diseases including ischemic stroke. The aim of our study was to investigate whether FXI gene (F11) variants are associated with ischemic stroke. The discovery sample, the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS), included 844 patients with ischemic stroke and 668 controls, all aged 18-70 years. Replication was performed in the Lund Stroke Register (LSR) and Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDC), together including 1213 patients and 788 controls up to 70 years of age, and in total 3145 patients and 1793 controls (18-102 years). Seven F11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected using a tagging approach. The SNPs rs3733403, rs925451, and rs1593 showed independent associations with overall ischemic stroke in SAHLSIS, ORs of 0.74 (95% CI 0.59-0.94), 1.24 (95% CI 1.06-1.46), and 0.70 (95% CI 0.55-0.90), respectively. The association for rs925451 was replicated in the LSR and MDC sample in a pre-specified analysis of subjects aged 70 years or younger, OR of 1.16 (95% CI 1.00-1.34), whereas no SNP was replicated when all ages were included. In line with this, one F11 haplotype was associated with overall ischemic stroke in the discovery sample and in the replication sample ≤70 years. We found significant associations between F11 variation and overall ischemic stroke up to 70 years of age. These findings motivate further studies on the role of F11 in ischemic stroke, especially in younger individuals.
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| 45. |
- Hanson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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No evidence for an association between ABO blood group and overall ischemic stroke or any of the major etiologic subtypes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 130:3, s. 339-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The ABO blood group system is encoded by one gene, ABO. Previous studies have reported an association between blood group non-O (i.e. phenotype A, B or AB) and myocardial infarction. Studies on stroke and ABO are, however, more scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether ABO phenotype or genotype is associated with ischemic stroke and/or etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: The study was performed in the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS), which comprises 600 patients with ischemic stroke before the age of 70 years, and 600 matched controls. Patients were classified according to the TOAST criteria. Results: There was no significant association between ABO phenotype (blood group O vs. non-O) and overall ischemic stroke (multivariable odds ratio of 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.7-1.2). This was also true for blood group O vs. A and O vs. B. Furthermore, no association between ABO genotypes and ischemic stroke was detected. The ischemic stroke subtype analysis was confined to large-vessel disease, small-vessel disease, cardioembolic stroke and cryptogenic stroke. In this analysis, there was no significant association between any ischemic stroke subtype and ABO phenotype or genotype. Conclusions: The findings in this study suggest that ABO phenotype or genotype does not have a major impact in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke or any of the ischemic stroke subtypes.
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| 46. |
- Hanson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma factor VII-activating protease antigen levels and activity are increased in ischemic stroke.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7836 .- 1538-7933. ; 10:5, s. 848-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factor VII-activating protease (FSAP) is a recently discovered plasma protease with a role in the regulation of hemostasis and vascular remodeling processes. Higher levels and activity of FSAP have been reported in patients with deep vein thrombosis, but there are no data on plasma FSAP in ischemic stroke (IS).
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| 47. |
- Hanson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor in the etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 9:2, s. 275-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Compared with coronary artery disease, there are few studies on von Willebrand factor (VWF) in ischemic stroke (IS). Moreover, there is little information on VWF in the etiologic subtypes of IS. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate VWF in IS and in the etiologic subtypes of IS. Patients/methods: The Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS) is a case-control study comprising 600 patients and 600 matched controls. Etiologic IS subtype was defined according to the TOAST criteria. Blood sampling was performed in the acute phase and after 3 months. Results: The levels of VWF were increased in overall IS, at both time-points. The 3-month VWF levels were increased in the subtypes of large-vessel disease (LVD), cardioembolic (CE) stroke and cryptogenic stroke, but not in the subtype of small-vessel disease (SVD), as compared with the controls. The acute phase VWF levels were significantly increased in all four subtypes. In the multivariate regression analysis, with vascular risk factors as covariates, the 3-month VWF levels were associated with CE stroke and cryptogenic stroke, and the acute phase VWF levels with all subtypes. There were significant subtype-specific differences in VWF, with the highest levels in LVD and CE stroke. Conclusions: The present results show that VWF levels are increased in patients with IS. Furthermore, the VWF levels differ between etiologic IS subtypes and thus, it is important to consider etiologic subtypes in future studies of VWF in patients with IS.
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| 48. |
- Hofgren, Caisa, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive screen and employment long-term after infratentorial stroke
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 145:5, s. 610-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Motor problems are well-described neurological deficits that occur commonly after an infratentorial ischemic stroke. However, the brain stem and cerebellum are also part of the neural interconnections responsible for cognition, emotions, and behavioral responses. We lack studies on long-term cognitive outcomes and patient employment after an infratentorial stroke. In the present study, we described and compared long-term poststroke cognitive outcomes and employment between patients that experienced infratentorial and supratentorial ischemic strokes. Materials and Methods: We included consecutive patients that experienced an acute ischemic stroke at <= 58 years of age. Patients were classified according to the stroke location. At seven years poststroke, surviving participants were assessed for neurological deficits (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]), cognitive function Barrow Neurological Institute Screen (BNIS), and employment. Results: Among 141 participants, 25 (18%) had infratentorial and 116 (82%) had supratentorial strokes. At the 7-year poststroke follow-up, there was no significant difference in BNIS total scores; with a median of 43 (IQR 40.5-46) and 41 (IQR 38-46) in the infratentorial and supratentorial groups, respectively. This result indicated that cognitive dysfunction occurred frequently in both groups. Similar employment rates were observed in the infratentorial (48%) and supratentorial (55%) groups. Both groups had a median NIHSS score of 0 and a median mRS score of 2 at the 7-year follow-up. Conclusion: Patients who survived an infratentorial or supratentorial ischemic stroke had similar rates of long-term cognitive dysfunction and difficulties in returning and/or remaining at work.
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| 49. |
- Holmegaard, Lukas, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term progression of white matter hyperintensities in ischemic stroke
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314. ; 138:6, s. 548-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Studies on long-term progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) after ischemic stroke are scarce. Here, we sought to investigate this progression and its predictors in a cohort presenting with ischemic stroke before 70 years of age. Materials and methods Participants in the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain at index stroke were examined by MRI again after 7 years (n = 188, mean age 53 years at index stroke, 35% females). WMH at index stroke and progression were assessed according to Fazekas' grades and the WMH change scale. Stroke subtype was classified according to TOAST. Results Marked WMH at index stroke were present in 20% of the participants and were significantly associated with age, hypertension, and subtype. Progression of WMH after 7 years was observed in 63% and 35% of the participants for subcortical and periventricular locations, respectively. Significant independent predictors of progression were age and marked WMH at baseline for both locations, whereas no significant associations were detected for vascular risk factors or subtype in multivariable analyses. In participants with no or only mild WMH at baseline, 20% showed marked WMH at follow-up. Age and hypertension, but not subtype, were independently associated with this acquisition of marked WMH. Conclusions Age and marked WMH at index stroke, but not stroke subtype, predicted long-term WMH progression after ischemic stroke before 70 years of age, whereas age and hypertension predicted acquisition of marked WMH in those with no or only mild WMH at baseline.
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| 50. |
- Holmegaard, Lukas, et al.
(författare)
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Proinflammatory protein signatures in cryptogenic and large artery atherosclerosis stroke
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 143:3, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cause of ischemic stroke remains unknown, cryptogenic, in 25% of young and middle-aged patients. We hypothesized that if atherosclerosis is prominent in cryptogenic stroke, it would have a similar proinflammatory protein signature as large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke.Blood was collected in the acute phase and after 3months from cryptogenic (n=162) and LAA (n=73) stroke patients aged 18-69years and once from age-matched controls (n=235). Cryptogenic stroke was divided into Framingham Risk Score (FRS) quartiles to compare low and high risk of atherosclerosis. Plasma concentrations of 25 proteins were analyzed using a Luminex multiplex assay. The discriminating properties were assessed with discriminant analysis and C-statistics.We identified proteins that separated cryptogenic and LAA stroke from controls (area under the curves, AUCs≥0.85). For both subtypes, RANTES, IL-4, and IFN-γ contributed the most at both time points. These associations were independent of risk factors of atherosclerosis. We also identified proteins that separated cryptogenic strokes in the lowest quartile of FRS from those in the highest, and from LAA stroke (AUCs≥0.76), and here eotaxin and MCP-1 contributed the most.The protein signature separating cases from controls was different from the signature separating cryptogenic stroke with low risk of atherosclerosis from those with high risk and from LAA stroke. This suggests that increased RANTES, IL-4, and IFN-γ in stroke may not be primarily related to atherosclerosis, whereas increased eotaxin and MCP-1 in cryptogenic stroke may be markers of occult atherosclerosis as the underlying cause.
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