| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Calles, Olle, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Success of a low-sloping rack for improving downstream passage of silver eels at a hydroelectric plant
- 2013
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 58, s. 2168-2179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species, and one major threat is thesurvival of silver eels migrating downstream towards the sea from lake and river rearing areas. Duringthis migration, many eels are impinged and die on intake racks, or are injured or killed whenpassing through turbines.2. Intake racks at a hydroelectric plant were modified to avoid impingement and to collect eels withoutinjury; high mortality on both racks and in turbines was previously documented. Modificationsconsisted of reducing the rack gap width from 20 to 18 mm, decreasing the rack slope from 63 to 35degrees, increasing the rack surface area by 58% and installing six openings in the rack leading totraps.3. Downstream passage conditions for silver eels at the hydroelectric plant were significantlyimproved, reducing mortality from >70% at the old steep 20 mm racks to <10% at the modified18 mm rack collection facility. No tagged eels were impinged and killed on the racks, and 80%entered the collection facility.4. Survival can probably be improved even more, as the individuals that passed the facility mostlikely escaped through holes in the traps. Moreover, injured untagged eels were still encountered atthe modified racks, illustrating the need for rehabilitative measures to be implemented at all obstaclesbetween the main eel rearing areas and the sea.
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| 13. |
- Cecchinato, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro evaluation of human fetal osteoblast response to magnesium loaded mesoporous TiO2 coating.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4965 .- 1549-3296. ; 102:11, s. 3862-3871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro response of Transfected Human Foetal Osteoblast (hFOB) cultured on a magnesium-loaded mesoporous TiO2 coating. The application of mesoporous films on titanium implant surfaces has shown very promising potential to enhance osseointegration. This type of coating has the ability to act as a framework to sustain bioactive agents and different drugs. Magnesium is the element that, after calcium, is the most frequently used to dope titanium implant surfaces, since it is crucial for protein formation, growth factor expression, and aids for bone mineral deposition on implant surfaces. Mesoporous TiO2 films with an average pore-size of 6 nm were produced by the evaporation-induced self-assembly method (EISA) and deposited onto titanium discs. Magnesium loading was performed by soaking the mesoporous TiO2 discs in a magnesium chloride solution. Surface characterization was conducted by SEM, XPS, optical interferometry, and AFM. Magnesium release profile was assessed at different time points using a Magnesium Detection kit. Cell morphology and spreading were observed with SEM. The cytoskeletal organization was stained with TRITC-conjugated Phalloidin and cell viability was evaluated through a mitochondrial colorimetric (MTT) assay. Furthermore, gene expression of bone markers and cell mineralization were analyzed by real time RT-PCR and alizarin-red staining, respectively. The surface chemical analysis by XPS revealed the successful adsorption of magnesium to the mesoporous coating. The AFM measurements revealed the presence of a nanostructured surface roughness. Osteoblasts viability and adhesion as well as the gene expression were unaffected by the addition of magnesium possibly due to its rapid burst release, however, were enhanced by the 3D nanostructure of the TiO2 layer.
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| 14. |
- Cecchinato, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Osteogenic potential of human adipose-derived stromal cells on 3-dimensional mesoporous TiO2 coating with magnesium impregnation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering C. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 52, s. 225-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic response of human adipose-derived stromal cells (ADScs) to mesoporous titania (TiO2) coatings produced with evaporation-induced self-assembly method (EISA) and loaded with magnesium. Our emphasis with the magnesium release functionality was to modulate progenitor cell osteogenic differentiation under standard culture conditions. Osteogenic properties of the coatings were assessed for stromal cells by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, colorimetric mitochondrial viability assay (MTT), colorimetric alkaline phosphates activity (ALP) assay and real time RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) it was shown that the surface expansion area (S-dr) was strongly enhanced by the presence of magnesium. From MTT results it was shown that ADSc viability was significantly increased on mesoporous surfaces compared to the non-porous one at a longer cell culture time. However, no differences were observed between the magnesium impregnated and non-impregnated surfaces. The alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed that ADSc started to differentiate into the osteogenic phenotype after 2 weeks of culturing. The gene expression profile at 2 weeks of cell growth showed that such coatings were capable to incorporate specific osteogenic markers inside their interconnected nano-pores and, at 3 weeks, ADSc differentiated into osteoblasts. Interestingly, magnesium significantly promoted the osteopontin gene expression, which is an essential gene for the early biomaterial-cell osteogenic interaction. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Di Leo, D., et al.
(författare)
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On the impact of hardware faults - An investigation of the relationship between workload inputs and failure mode distributions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783642336775 ; , s. 198-209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology scaling of integrated circuits is making transistors increasingly sensitive to process variations, wear-out effects and ionizing particles. This may lead to an increasing rate of transient and intermittent errors in future microprocessors. In order to assess the risk such errors pose to safety critical systems, it is essential to investigate how temporary errors in the instruction set architecture (ISA) registers and main memory locations influence the behaviour of executing programs. To this end, we investigate - by means of extensive fault injection experiments - how such errors affect the execution of four target programs. The paper makes three contributions. First, we investigate how the failure modes of the target programs vary for different input sets. Second, we evaluate the error coverage of a software-implemented hardware fault tolerant technique that relies on triple-time redundant execution, majority voting and forward recovery. Third, we propose an approach based on assembly language metrics which can be used to correlate the dynamic fault-free behaviour of a program with its failure mode distribution obtained by fault injection.
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| 16. |
- El-Saadi, Walid, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A head-to-head comparison of myocardial strain by fast-strain encoding and feature tracking imaging in acute myocardial infarction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of heart failure. Left ventricular adverse remodeling is common post-MI. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between reduced myocardial strain and the development of adverse remodeling. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with fast-strain encoding (fast-SENC) or feature tracking (FT) enables rapid assessment of myocardial deformation. The aim of this study was to establish a head-to-head comparison of fast-SENC and FT in post-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, with clinical 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2DEcho) as a reference. MethodsThirty patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI were investigated. All participants underwent CMR examination with late gadolinium enhancement, cine-loop steady-state free precession, and fast-SENC imaging using a 1.5T scanner as well as a 2DEcho. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), segmental longitudinal strain (SLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and segmental circumferential strain (SCS) were assessed along with the MI scar extent. ResultsThe GCS measurements from fast-SENC and FT were nearly identical: the mean difference was 0.01 (2.5)% (95% CI - 0.92 to 0.95). For GLS, fast-SENC values were higher than FT, with a mean difference of 1.8 (1.4)% (95% CI 1.31-2.35). Tests of significance for GLS did not show any differences between the MR methods and 2DEcho. Average strain in the infarct-related artery (IRA) segments compared to the remote myocardium was significantly lower for the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery culprits but not for the left circumflex artery culprits. Fast-SENC displayed a higher area under the curve for detecting infarcted segments than FT for both SCS and SLS. ConclusionGLS and GCS did not significantly differ between fast-SENC and FT. Both showed acceptable agreement with 2DEcho for longitudinal strain. Segments perfused by the IRA showed significantly reduced strain values compared to the remote myocardium. Fast-SENC presented a higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting infarcted segments than FT.
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| 17. |
- Folkesson, Peter, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Back-to-Back Fault Injection Testing in Model-Based Development
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783319242545 - 9783319242552 ; 9337, s. 135-148
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, embedded systems across industrial domains (e.g., avionics, automotive) are representatives of software-intensive systems with increasing reliance on software and growing complexity. It has become critically important to verify software in a time, resource and cost effective manner. Furthermore, industrial domains are striving to comply with the requirements of relevant safety standards. This paper proposes a novel workflow along with tool support to evaluate robustness of software in model-based development environment, assuming different abstraction levels of representing software. We then show the effectiveness of our technique, on a brake-by-wire application, by performing back-to-back fault injection testing between two different abstraction levels using MODIFI for the Simulink model and GOOFI-2 for the generated code running on the target microcontroller. Our proposed method and tool support facilitates not only verifying software during early phases of the development lifecycle but also fulfilling back-to-back testing requirements of ISO 26262 when using model-based development.
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| 18. |
- Galli, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Local release of magnesium from mesoporous TiO2 coatings stimulates the peri-implant expression of osteogenic markers and improves osteoconductivity in vivo
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Biomaterialia. - : Elsevier. - 1742-7061 .- 1878-7568. ; 10:12, s. 5193-5201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local release of Mg ions from titanium implant surfaces has been shown to enhance implant retention and integration. To clarify the biological events that lead to this positive outcome, threaded implants coated with mesoporous TiO2 thin films were loaded with Mg-ions and placed in the tibia of rabbits for 3 weeks, after surface characterization. Non-loaded mesoporous coated implants were used as controls. Peri-implant gene expression of a set of osteogenic and inflammatory assays was quantified by means of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of three osteogenic markers (OC, RUNX-2 and IGF-1) was significantly more pronounced in the test specimens, suggesting that the release of Mg ions directly at the implant sites may stimulate an osteogenic environment. Furthermore, bone healing around implants was evaluated on histological slides and by diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI), using synchrotron radiation. The histological analysis demonstrated new bone formation around all implants, without negative responses, with a significant increase in the number of threads filled with new bone for test surfaces. DEI analysis attested the high mineral content of the newly formed bone. Improved surface osteoconductivity and increased expression of genes involved in the bone regeneration were found for magnesium-incorporation of mesoporous TiO2 coatings.
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| 19. |
- Galli, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Magnesium release from mesoporous carriers on endosseus implants does not influence bone maturation at 6 weeks in rabbit bone
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part B Applied Biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4981 .- 1552-4973. ; 105:7, s. 2118-2125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe release of magnesium ions (Mg2+) from titanium surfaces has been shown to boost the initial biological response of peri-implant bone and to increase the biomechanical strength of osseointegration. The objective of the present paper was to investigate if the initial improvement in osseointegration would influence the bone remodeling also during the maturation stage of bone healing. Methods: Titanium implants were coated with mesoporous titania layers and either loaded with Mg2+ (test group) or left untreated (control group). The implants were inserted in the tibiae of 10 New Zealand White rabbits. Osseointegration was assessed after 6 weeks by means of biomechanical testing (RTQ), non-decalcified histology and histomorphometry (BIC%, BA%, NBA%). The expression of genes involved in the bone formation and remodeling was quantified using qPCR. Results: Mg2+ releasing mesoporous titania coatings showed, on average, higher removal torques and histomorphometrical outcomes (RTQ: 17.2 Ncm vs. 15 Ncm; BIC: 38.8% vs. 32.1%; BA%: 71.6% vs. 64%; NBA% 62.5% vs. 54% for the tests vs the controls); however, the differences were not statistically significant. Three osteogenic markers, osteocalcin (OC), collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), and alkalin phosphatase (ALPL), were respectively 2-fold, 1.53-fold, and 1.13-fold up-regulated in the control group compared to the test. The expression of COL1A1 was particularly high in both groups, while the biomarkers for remodeling and inflammation showed a low expression in both groups. Significance: The results suggested that the initial enhancement in osseointegration induced by magnesium release from mesoporous titania coatings has no detrimental effects during bone maturation.
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| 20. |
- Galli, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Osteoconductive potential of mesoporous titania implant surfaces loaded with magnesium : an experimental study in the rabbit
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 17:6, s. 1048-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mesoporous coatings enable incorporation of functional substances and sustainedly release them at the implant site. One bioactive substance that can be incorporated in mesoporous is magnesium, which is strongly involved in bone metabolism and in osteoblast interaction. Purpose: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of magnesium into mesoporous coatings of oral implants on early stages of osseointegration. Material and Methods: Titanium implants were coated with thin films of mesoporous TiO2 having pore diameters of 6 nm and were loaded with magnesium. The implant surfaces were extensively characterized by means of interferometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy and then placed in the tibiae of 10 rabbits. After 3 weeks of healing, osseointegration was evaluated by means of removal torque testing and histology and histomorphometry. Results: Histological and biomechanical analyses revealed no side effects and successful osseointegration of the implants. The biomechanical evaluation evidenced a significant effect of magnesium doping on strengthening the implant-bone interface. Conclusions: A local release of magnesium from the implant surfaces enhances implant retention at the early stage of healing (3 weeks after implantation), which is highly desirable for early loading of the implant.
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