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Sökning: WFRF:(Keil Maria)

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11.
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12.
  • Bixby, H., et al. (författare)
  • Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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13.
  • Carpintero, Guillermo, et al. (författare)
  • Interconnection challenges on integrated terahertz photonic systems
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS XXI. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present the current challenges for high frequency interconnects, especially for calibrated measures of the frequency response of components operating above 100 GHz. This is the challenge addressed by the TERAmeasure Future and Emerging Technologies project, aiming to combine photonics and electronics to develop new paradigm in the millimetre and Terahertz frequency ranges, overcoming the current obstacles to better measurements, eliminating the frequency banded nature of rectangular waveguides and providing metrology-grade results across the full frequency range.
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16.
  • Höpken, Wolfram, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-dimensional data modelling for a tourism destination data warehouse
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: <em></em><em>Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2013, </em>Proceedings of the ENTER Conference 22-25 January 2013, Innsbruck, Austria. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ; , s. 157-169
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Information and communication technologies (ICTS) play a crucial role to increase the knowledge base of destination stakeholders. Organisational learning and managerial effectiveness can particularly be enhanced by applying methods of business intelligence (BI). Although huge amounts of data are available in tourism destinations these valuable knowledge sources typically remain unused. The described problem is solved by conceptualizing, prototypically implementing and testing a novel destination management information system (DMIS) that applies methods of BI and data warehousing for the leading Swedish ski destination, Åre. As being a central DMIS component, the destination-wide data warehouse (DW), its underlying multi-dimensional data model, the technical architecture, as well as critical implementation issues are discussed. Finally, the prototypical implementation of the DMIS focussing on the data warehouse and OLAP functionalities for customer feedback processes proved the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed overall architecture.
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17.
  • Höpken, Wolfram, et al. (författare)
  • The knowledge destination : – a customer information-based destination management information system
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: <em>Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2011</em>. - Vienna : Springer. - 9783709105023 ; , s. 417-429
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Huge amounts of customer-based data, such as tourists' website navigation, transaction and survey data are available in tourism destinations, however, remain largely unused (Pyo, 2002). This paper presents the concept of a knowledge-based destination management information system (DMIS) that supports value creation through enhanced decision making. Information is extracted from heterogeneous data sources of the Swedish tourism destination of Are and is categorized in explicit feedback (e.g. survey data) and implicit information traces (e.g. navigation and transaction data). Methods of business intelligence are applied to retrieve interesting data patterns, thus, to generate knowledge in the form of empirically validated models. The paper deduces new insights about the applicability of data mining techniques and related models at tourist destinations depending on the type of tourism data and concrete problem characteristics at hand (Pick & Schell, 2002).
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18.
  • Jarvis, D, et al. (författare)
  • Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis : the GA(2) LEN survey in Europe
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 67:1, s. 91-98
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The prevalence of asthma and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have not been widely studied in population-based epidemiological surveys. Methods: The Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA2LEN) conducted a postal questionnaire in representative samples of adults living in Europe to assess the presence of asthma and CRS defined by the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps. The prevalence of self-reported current asthma by age group was determined. The association of asthma with CRS in each participating centre was assessed using logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, sex and smoking, and the effect estimates were combined using standard methods of meta-analysis. Results: Over 52 000 adults aged 18–75 years and living in 19 centres in 12 countries took part. In most centres, and overall, the reported prevalence of asthma was lower in older adults (adjusted OR for 65–74 years compared with 15–24 years: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.81). In all centres, there was a strong association of asthma with CRS (adjusted OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 3.20–3.76) at all ages. The association with asthma was stronger in those reporting both CRS and allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 11.85; 95% CI: 10.57–13.17). CRS in the absence of nasal allergies was positively associated with late-onset asthma. Conclusion: Geographical variation in the prevalence of self-reported asthma was observed across Europe, but overall, self-reported asthma was more common in young adults, women and smokers. In all age groups, men and women, and irrespective of smoking behaviour, asthma was also associated with CRS.
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19.
  • Keil, Dimitri, et al. (författare)
  • Optimizing user interface design and interaction paths for destination management information system
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319586403 ; , s. 473-487
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Destination Management Organizations (DMO) being the central units in destination management within European destinations face increasing pressure due to effects of globalization. At the same time, effects of digitalization combined with methods summarized by the umbrella term of Business Intelligence create opportunities to tackle these challenges. Höpken et al. (2011) described how destinations can evolve to so-called knowledge destinations. With the help of a Destination Management Information System (DMIS) managers of DMOs as well as its various stakeholders are provided with holistic decision support when working on strategic development of the destination. The objective of this study is to conceptualize a novel DMIS user interface and evaluate its usability. The study (1) defines different analysis perspectives and corresponding performance indicators enabling a powerful decision support for destination managers and tourism stakeholders, (2) defines interaction paths along different abstraction levels to support drill-down analyses, and (3) evaluates the usability and understandability of the DMIS interface in the south-western Swedish destination Halland.
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20.
  • Lemonnier, Nathanaël, et al. (författare)
  • A novel whole blood gene expression signature for asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis multimorbidity in children and adolescents
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : WILEY. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 75:12, s. 3248-3260
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Allergic diseases often occur in combination (multimorbidity). Human blood transcriptome studies have not addressed multimorbidity. Large-scale gene expression data were combined to retrieve biomarkers and signaling pathways to disentangle allergic multimorbidity phenotypes.Methods: Integrated transcriptomic analysis was conducted in 1233 participants with a discovery phase using gene expression data (Human Transcriptome Array 2.0) from whole blood of 786 children from three European birth cohorts (MeDALL), and a replication phase using RNA Sequencing data from an independent cohort (EVA-PR, n = 447). Allergic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis) were considered as single disease or multimorbidity (at least two diseases), and compared with no disease.Results: Fifty genes were differentially expressed in allergic diseases. Thirty-two were not previously described in allergy. Eight genes were consistently overexpressed in all types of multimorbidity for asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis (CLC, EMR4P, IL5RA, FRRS1, HRH4, SLC29A1, SIGLEC8, IL1RL1). All genes were replicated the in EVA-PR cohort. RT-qPCR validated the overexpression of selected genes. In MeDALL, 27 genes were differentially expressed in rhinitis alone, but none was significant for asthma or dermatitis alone. The multimorbidity signature was enriched in eosinophil-associated immune response and signal transduction. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified IL5/JAK/STAT and IL33/ST2/IRAK/TRAF as key signaling pathways in multimorbid diseases. Synergistic effect of multimorbidity on gene expression levels was found.Conclusion: A signature of eight genes identifies multimorbidity for asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis. Our results have clinical and mechanistic implications, and suggest that multimorbidity should be considered differently than allergic diseases occurring alone.
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