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- Kendler, KS, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate genetic analysis of the causes of temperance board registrations. In all Swedish male-male [correction of male-female] twin pairs born 1926-1949
- 1998
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 172, s. 268-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Temperance Boards in Sweden registered individuals for three reasons: public drunkenness, driving under the influence of alcohol and committing a crime in connection with alcohol. We wanted to ascertain whether these three forms of alcohol-related problems result from similar or different genetic and environmental risk factors.MethodWe conducted a trivariate twin analysis of these three causes of registration in all male-female twin pairs of known zygosity born in Sweden, 1926–1949 (n=5177 twin pairs).ResultsPrevalences of registration for public drunkenness, drink-driving and alcohol-related crime were, respectively, 9.0, 3.6 and 4.0%. The best-fitting model had one general genetic and one general familial – environmental factor with specific genetic risk factors for drink-driving and specific familial – environmental risk factors for alcohol-related crime.ConclusionsThe three causes for alcohol registration in Sweden largely reflect the same genetic and environmental risk factors. Estimated heritabilities were similar for the three forms of registration. However, specific genetic risk factors exist for drink-driving and specific familial – environmental risk factors for alcohol-related crime. Genetic factors are somewhat less important and familial –environmental factors more important for public drunkenness than for drink-driving and alcohol related crime.
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- Kendler, KS, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of environmental experiences on symptoms of anxiety and depression across the life span
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychological science. - : SAGE Publications. - 1467-9280 .- 0956-7976. ; 22:10, s. 1343-1352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Symptoms of anxiety and depression are relatively stable over time. Can this stability be explained by genetic influences, or is it caused by the long-lasting effects of accumulating environmental experiences? To address this question, we analyzed longitudinally assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression in eight samples of monozygotic twins of widely varying ages. These samples were drawn from American and European population-based registries. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we examined individual differences and individual changes in the level of symptoms over time. This method enabled us to decompose the variance into the predictable variance shared by both members of each pair of twins, the differences between individuals within pairs, and the residual variance. We then modeled how these components of individual variation changed over time. Within pairs, the twins’ predicted levels of symptoms increasingly diverged from childhood until late adulthood, at which point the divergence ceased. By middle adulthood, environmental experiences contributed substantially to stable and predictable interindividual differences in levels of anxiety and depression.
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