| 51. |
- Ali, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cobalt oxide magnetic nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite based electrochemical urea biosensor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of Physics. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0973-1458 .- 0974-9845. ; 89:4, s. 331-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a potentiometric urea biosensor has been fabricated on glass filter paper through the immobilization of urease enzyme onto chitosan/cobalt oxide (CS/Co3O4) nanocomposite. A copper wire with diameter of 500 mu m is attached with nanoparticles to extract the voltage output signal. The shape and dimensions of Co3O4 magnetic nanoparticles are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the average diameter is approximately 80-100 nm. Structural quality of Co3O4 nanoparticles is confirmed from X-ray powder diffraction measurements, while the Raman spectroscopy has been used to understand the chemical bonding between different atoms. The magnetic measurement has confirmed that Co3O4 nanoparticles show ferromagnetic behavior, which could be attributed to the uncompensated surface spins and/or finite size effects. The ferromagnetic order of Co3O4 nanoparticles is raised with increasing the decomposition temperature. A physical adsorption method is adopted to immobilize the surface of CS/Co3O4 nanocomposite. Potentiometric sensitivity curve has been measured over the concentration range between 1 x 10(-4) and 8 x 10(-2) M of urea electrolyte solution revealing that the fabricated biosensor holds good sensing ability with a linear slope curve of similar to 45 mV/decade. In addition, the presented biosensor shows good reusability, selectivity, reproducibility and resistance against interferers along with the stable output response of similar to 12 s.
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| 52. |
- Azam, Asad Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of degradation in UHMWPE a comparative study among the various commercial and laboratory grades UHMWPE
- 2016
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Ingår i: 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED MATERIALS (ISAM 2015). - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative degradation of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene ( UHMWPE) limits the life of implants. This degradation can be monitored to estimate the service life of UHMWPE following the standard protocols as defined by American Standards for Testing Materials ( ASTM). In this work, a comparative study has been carried on two commercially available UHMWPE grades i. e. GUR 1020 and GUR 1050 and one laboratory grade UHMWPE which was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. These powder samples were pressed while using hot press with controlled heating and cooling setup in open air under 200 bar of external pressure. These sheets were then subjected to accelerated aging in an oven at 80 degrees C for three weeks. The degradation of the UHMWPE was monitored by ATR-FTIR techniquefor three weeks. The oxidation index ( OI) measurement showed that the commercial grade UHMWPE i. e. GUR-1020 and GUR-1050 degrade more as compared to laboratory grade UHMWPE. The values of OI after three weeks of accelerating aging were found 0.18, 0.14, and 0.09 for GUR-1020, GUR-1050, and Sigma Aldrich, respectively. In addition to this, it was found that commercial grades of UHMWPE suffer more structural alterations as compared to laboratory grade one. We hope that these results will be of particular and fundamental importance for the researchers and orthopaedic industry.
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| 53. |
- Cotlarciuc, Ioana, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the genetic basis of cerebral venous thrombosis-the BEAST Consortium: a study protocol.
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cerebrovascular condition accounting for <1% of all stroke cases and mainly affects young adults. Its genetic aetiology is not clearly elucidated.To better understand the genetic basis of CVT, we have established an international biobank of CVT cases, Biorepository to Establish the Aetiology of Sinovenous Thrombosis (BEAST) which aims to recruit highly phenotyped cases initially of European descent and later from other populations. To date we have recruited 745 CVT cases from 12 research centres. As an initial step, the consortium plans to undertake a genome-wide association analysis of CVT using the Illumina Infinium HumanCoreExome BeadChip to assess the association and impact of common and low-frequency genetic variants on CVT risk by using a case-control study design. Replication will be performed to confirm putative findings. Furthermore, we aim to identify interactions of genetic variants with several environmental and comorbidity factors which will likely contribute to improve the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying this complex disease.BEAST meets all ethical standards set by local institutional review boards for each of the participating sites. The research outcomes will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access journals with high impact and visibility. The results will be presented at national and international meetings to highlight the contributions into improving the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this uncommon but important disease. This international DNA repository will become an important resource for investigators in the field of haematological and vascular disorders.
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| 54. |
- Idris, Alamin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Phase Separation Behavior on Morphology and Performance of Polycarbonate Membranes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Membranes. - : MDPI. - 2077-0375. ; 7:2, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase separation behavior of bisphenol-A-polycarbonate (PC), dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and dichloromethane solvents in coagulant water, was studied by the cloud point method. The respective cloud point data were determined by titration against water at room temperature and the characteristic binodal curves for the ternary systems were plotted. Further, the physical properties such as viscosity, refractive index, and density of the solution were measured. The critical polymer concentrations were determined from the viscosity measurements. PC/NMP and PC/DCM membranes were fabricated by the dry-wet phase inversion technique and characterized for their morphology, structure, and thermal stability using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The membranes’ performances were tested for their permeance to CO2, CH4, and N2 gases at 24 ± 0.5 °C with varying feed pressures from 2 to 10 bar. The PC/DCM membranes appeared to be asymmetric dense membrane types with appreciable thermal stability, whereas the PC/NMP membranes were observed to be asymmetric with porous structures exhibiting 4.18% and 9.17% decrease in the initial and maximum degradation temperatures, respectively. The ideal CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities of the PC/NMP membrane decreased with the increase in feed pressures, while for the PC/DCM membrane, the average ideal CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities were found to be 25.1 ± 0.8 and 21.1 ± 0.6, respectively. Therefore, the PC/DCM membranes with dense morphologies are appropriate for gas separation applications.
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| 55. |
- Jamil, Z, et al.
(författare)
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Beneficial Effects of Anticoagulants on the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6382. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1) Background: Severe coronavirus disease can be complicated by a hypercoagulable state in conjunction with sepsis, increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism. This study aimed to observe the effect of anticoagulants on 30-day high-dependency unit (HDU) outcomes of moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients of a tertiary care hospital at Rawalpindi, Pakistan. (2) Methods: A retrospective propensity-based case–control study was carried out to examine COVID-19 patients admitted to the HDU. Patient groups who did and did not receive anticoagulants were labeled as “anticoagulant” and “non-anticoagulant”, respectively. Case–control matching (1:1) was performed via propensity scores (calculated by a regression model). Kaplan–Meier and logrank analyses were used to study survival probability. Single predictors of outcomes were determined by Cox regression analysis. (3) Results: The anticoagulant group had elevated D-dimers, advanced age, more comorbidities and a higher frequency of severe disease compared to the non-anticoagulant group (p < 0.05). Therefore, 47 cases and 47 matched controls were selected based on their propensity scores. The primary endpoint was outcome (survived vs. died). The 30-day in-HDU mortality was 25.5% for cases and 61.7% for controls (p = 0.0004). The median time from admission to death was 16 days for the case group and 7 days for the control group (p < 0.0001). The 30-day mortality was 19.1% for the enoxaparin group and 16.4% for the heparin group (p > 0.05). Enoxaparin (therapeutic and prophylactic doses) and heparin (prophylactic dose) were found to be independent factors affecting the outcomes of these patients (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Anticoagulants play a beneficial role in reducing mortality among COVID-19 patients. Both anticoagulant formulations, enoxaparin (therapeutic and prophylactic doses) and heparin (prophylactic dose), were associated with improving survival among these patients.
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| 56. |
- Khan, Hameed Ullah, et al.
(författare)
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SMDetector : Small mitotic detector in histopathology images using faster R-CNN with dilated convolutions in backbone model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1746-8094 .- 1746-8108. ; 81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women, and it is a deadly disease caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Pathologists face a challenging issue of mitotic cell identification and counting during manual detection and identification of cancer. Artificial intelligence can help the medical professional with early, quick, and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer. Consequently, the survival rate will be improved and mortality rate will be decreased. Different deep learning techniques are used in computational pathology for cancer diagnosis. In this study, the SMDetector is proposed which is a deep learning model for detecting small objects such as mitotic and non-mitotic nuclei. This model employs dilated layers in the backbone to prevent small objects from disappearing in the deep layers. The purpose of the dilated layers in this model is to reduce the size gap between the image and the objects it contains. Region proposal network is optimized to accurately identify small objects. The proposed model yielded overall average precision (AP) of 50.31% and average recall (AR) of 55.90% that outperforms the existing standard object detection models on ICPR 2014 (Mitos-Atypia-14) dataset. To best of our knowledge the proposed model is state-of-the-art model for precision and recall of mitotic object detection on ICPR 2014 (Mitos-Atypia-14) dataset. The proposed model has achieved average precision for mitotic nuclei 68.49%, average recall for mitotic nuclei 59.86% and f-measure 63.88%. © 2022 The Authors
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| 57. |
- Khan, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of energy flows and energy efficiencies in integrated catalytic adsorption steam gasification for hydrogen production
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 225, s. 346-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses the energy flows and energy efficiency of integrated catalytic adsorption biomass steam gasification for hydrogen production in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed system utilizing palm kernel shell as feedstock. The integrated catalytic adsorption utilizes catalyst and CO2 adsorbent together in the single fluidized bed gasifier. Various variables such as effect of temperature (600–750 °C), steam to biomass ratio (1.5–2.5 w/w), adsorbent to biomass ratio (0.5–1.5 w/w), fluidization velocity (0.15–0.26 m/s) and biomass particle size (0.355–0.500 to 1.0–2.0 mm) are investigated. The results imply that the overall requirement of gasification energy increases with increasing gasification temperature, steam to biomass ratio, fluidization velocity, and decreases with adsorbent to biomass ratio whilst no significant increase is observed by varying the biomass particle size. However, a slight reduction in required energy is observed from 600 °C to 675 °C which might be due to strong CO2 adsorption, an exothermic reaction, and contributes to the energy requirements of the process. Besides, hydrogen-based energy efficiencies increase with increasing temperature while first increases to a medium value of steam to biomass ratio (2.0), adsorbent to biomass ratio (1.0) and fluidization velocity (0.21 m/s) followed by a slight decrease (or remains unchanged). The integrated catalytic adsorption steam gasification is found to be a high energy consuming process and thus, waste heat integration needs to be implemented for feasible hydrogen production
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| 58. |
- Lv, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Foot motion sensing : Augmented game interface based on foot interaction for smartphone
- 2014
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450324748 ; , s. 293-296, s. 293-296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We designed and developmented two games: real-time augmented football game and augmented foot piano game to demonstrate a innovative interface based on foot motion sensing approach for smart phone. In the proposed novel interface, the computer vision based hybrid detection and tracking method provides a core support for foot interaction interface by accurately tracking the shoes. Based on the proposed interaction interface, wo demonstrations are developed, the applications employ augmented reality technology to render the game graphics and game status information on smart phones screen. The players interact with the game using foot interaction toward the rear camera, which triggers the interaction event. This interface supports basic foot motion sensing (i.e. direction of movement, velocity, rhythm).
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| 59. |
- Nichols, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:1, s. 88-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The number of individuals living with dementia is increasing, negatively affecting families, communities, and health-care systems around the world. A successful response to these challenges requires an accurate understanding of the dementia disease burden. We aimed to present the first detailed analysis of the global prevalence, mortality, and overall burden of dementia as captured by the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016, and highlight the most important messages for clinicians and neurologists.Methods: GBD 2016 obtained data on dementia from vital registration systems, published scientific literature and surveys, and data from health-service encounters on deaths, excess mortality, prevalence, and incidence from 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016, through systematic review and additional data-seeking efforts. To correct for differences in cause of death coding across time and locations, we modelled mortality due to dementia using prevalence data and estimates of excess mortality derived from countries that were most likely to code deaths to dementia relative to prevalence. Data were analysed by standardised methods to estimate deaths, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; computed as the sum of YLLs and YLDs), and the fractions of these metrics that were attributable to four risk factors that met GBD criteria for assessment (high body-mass index [BMI], high fasting plasma glucose, smoking, and a diet high in sugarsweetened beverages).Findings: In 2016, the global number of individuals who lived with dementia was 43.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3 7. 8-51.0), increased from 20.2 million (17. 4-23 5) in 1990. This increase of 117% (95% UI 114-121) contrasted with a minor increase in age-standardised prevalence of 1.7% (1.0-2.4), from 701 cases (95% UI 602-815) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 712 cases (614-828) per 100 000 population in 2016. More women than men had dementia in 2016 (27.0 million, 95% UI 23 .3-31. 4, vs 16.8 million, 14.4-19.6), and dementia was the fifth leading cause of death globally, accounting for 2.4 million (95% UI 2.1-2.8) deaths. Overall, 28.8 million (95% UI 24. 5-34. 0) DALYs were attributed to dementia; 6.4 million (95% UI 3 .4-10. 5) of these could be attributed to the modifiable GBD risk factors of high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, smoking, and a high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages.Interpretation: The global number of people living with dementia more than doubled from 1990 to 2016, mainly due to increases in population ageing and growth. Although differences in coding for causes of death and the heterogeneity in case-ascertainment methods constitute major challenges to the estimation of the burden of dementia, future analyses should improve on the methods for the correction of these biases. Until breakthroughs are made in prevention or curative treatment, dementia will constitute an increasing challenge to health-care systems worldwide.
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| 60. |
- Nilsson, Mats F., et al.
(författare)
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Improved methodology for identifying the teratogenic potential in early drug development of hERG channel blocking drugs
- 2010
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Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier. - 0890-6238 .- 1873-1708. ; 29:2, s. 156-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drugs blocking the potassium current IKr of the heart (via hERG channel-inhibition) have the potential to cause hypoxia-related teratogenic effects. However, this activity may be missed in conventional teratology studies because repeat dosing may cause resorptions. The aim of the present study was to investigate an alternative protocol to reveal the teratogenic potential of IKr-blocking drugs. The IKr blocker astemizole, given as a single dose (80mg/kg) on gestation day (GD) 13 to pregnant rats caused digital defects. In whole rat embryo culture (2h) on GD 13, astemizole caused a decrease in embryonic heart rate at 20nM, and arrhythmias at 200-400nM. Cetirizine, without IKr-blocking properties, did not affect the rat embryonic heart in vitro. The present study shows that single dose testing on sensitive days of development, together with whole embryo culture, can be a useful methodology to better characterize the teratogenic potential of IKr-blocking drugs.
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