| 11. |
- Kattih, Mafaz, et al.
(författare)
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National prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents from 2009 to 2022
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have examined the prevalence of allergic diseases in adolescents 1-2 years after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, more data is needed to understand the long-term impact of COVID-19 on allergic diseases. Thus, we aimed to examine the trend of the atopic dermatitis prevalence in Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic across 14 years. Additionally, we analyze the risk factors of atopic dermatitis (AD) based on the results. The Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency conducted the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2009 to 2022, from which the data for this study were obtained. Prevalence trends were compared across subgroups, and the beta difference (beta diff) was calculated. We computed odds ratios to examine changes in the disease prevalence before and during the pandemic. This study included a total of 917,461 participants from 2009 to 2022. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased from 6.79% (95% CI 6.66-6.91) in 2009-2011 to 6.89% (95% CI 6.72-7.05) in 2018-2019, then decreased slightly to 5.82% (95% CI 5.60-6.04) in 2022. Across the 14 years, middle school student status, low parent's highest education level, low household income, non-alcohol consumption, non-smoker smoking status, no suicidal thoughts, and no suicide attempts were associated with increased risk of atopic dermatitis, while female sex, rural residence, high BMI, low school performance, low household income, and no feelings of sadness and despair was associated with a small increase. This study examined the prevalence of atopic dermatitis across an 18-year, and found that the prevalence increased in the pre-pandemic then decreased during the start of the pandemic and remained constant throughout the pandemic. This trend could be explained mainly by the large scale social and political changes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 12. |
- Kim, Min-Jeong, et al.
(författare)
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Intrinsic Seebeck coefficients of 2D polycrystalline PtSe2 semiconducting films through two-step annealing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 11:11, s. 5714-5724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of the high contact resistance between a metal and a film, evaluating the intrinsic Seebeck coefficient of large-area two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting films with high-resistance is challenging. Here, we report a simple scheme to measure the large-area Seebeck coefficients of 2D polycrystalline platinum diselenide (PtSe2) thin films, whose electrical resistance (>2 M omega) is too high to measure the thermoelectric (TE) properties, by thermal annealing. As-prepared PtSe2 thin films deposited on sapphire substrates and treated by a two-step thermal annealing process at 574 K exhibited an intrinsic Seebeck coefficient > similar to 160 mu V K-1, which is 400% higher than that of the single-crystalline PtSe2 bulk, under a temperature gradient of up to 5 K along the samples. In addition, we confirm that the in-plane Seebeck coefficient of the two-step annealed samples was independent of the metal electrode. In addition, the role of thermal annealing in intrinsically-high-resistance 2D PtSe2 semiconducting films based on the atomic-scale crystallographic characteristics of these films and the measured contact resistance between the metal and PtSe2 layer is further discussed. Our finding represents an important achievement in understanding and measuring the Seebeck effect of high-TE-performance 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenide materials.
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| 13. |
- Kim, Seong-Min, et al.
(författare)
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High-performance, polymer-based direct cellular interfaces for electrical stimulation and recording
- 2018
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Ingår i: NPG ASIA MATERIALS. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1884-4049 .- 1884-4057. ; 10, s. 255-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the trade-off between their electrical/electrochemical performance and underwater stability, realizing polymer-based, high-performance direct cellular interfaces for electrical stimulation and recording has been very challenging. Herein, we developed transparent and conductive direct cellular interfaces based on a water-stable, high-performance poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) film via solvent-assisted crystallization. The crystallized PEDOT:PSS on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate exhibited excellent electrical/electrochemical/optical characteristics, long-term underwater stability without film dissolution/delamination, and good viability for primarily cultured cardiomyocytes and neurons over several weeks. Furthermore, the highly crystallized, nanofibrillar PEDOT:PSS networks enabled dramatically enlarged surface areas and electrochemical activities, which were successfully employed to modulate cardiomyocyte beating via direct electrical stimulation. Finally, the high-performance PEDOT:PSS layer was seamlessly incorporated into transparent microelectrode arrays for efficient, real-time recording of cardiomyocyte action potentials with a high signal fidelity. All these results demonstrate the strong potential of crystallized PEDOT:PSS as a crucial component for a variety of versatile bioelectronic interfaces.
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| 14. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Flannick, Jason, et al.
(författare)
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Data Descriptor : Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (> 80% of low-frequency coding variants in similar to ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and similar to ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in similar to ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.
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| 16. |
- Fuchsberger, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 536:7614, s. 41-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic architecture of common traits, including the number, frequency, and effect sizes of inherited variants that contribute to individual risk, has been long debated. Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes, but in aggregate, these explain only a fraction of the heritability of this disease. Here, to test the hypothesis that lower-frequency variants explain much of the remainder, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia performed whole-genome sequencing in 2,657 European individuals with and without diabetes, and exome sequencing in 12,940 individuals from five ancestry groups. To increase statistical power, we expanded the sample size via genotyping and imputation in a further 111,548 subjects. Variants associated with type 2 diabetes after sequencing were overwhelmingly common and most fell within regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies. Comprehensive enumeration of sequence variation is necessary to identify functional alleles that provide important clues to disease pathophysiology, but large-scale sequencing does not support the idea that lower-frequency variants have a major role in predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
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| 17. |
- Jo, Min-Seung, et al.
(författare)
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Aligned CuO nanowire array for a high performance visible light photodetector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, copper oxide (CuO) has drawn much attention as a promising material in visible light photodetection with its advantages in ease of nanofabrication. CuO allows a variety of nanostructures to be explored to enhance the optoelectrical performance such as photogenerated carriers scattering and bandgap engineering. However, previous researches neglect in-depth analysis of CuO's light interaction effects, restrictively using random orientation such as randomly arranged nanowires, single nanowires, and dispersed nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-high performance CuO visible light photodetector utilizing perfectly-aligned nanowire array structures. CuO nanowires with 300 nm-width critical dimension suppressed carrier transport in the dark state and enhanced the conversion of photons to carriers; additionally, the aligned arrangement of the nanowires with designed geometry improved the light absorption by means of the constructive interference effect. The proposed nanostructures provide advantages in terms of dark current, photocurrent, and response time, showing unprecedentedly high (state-of-the-art) optoelectronic performance, including high values of sensitivity (S = 172.21%), photo-responsivity (R = 16.03 A/W, lambda = 535 nm), photo-detectivity (D* = 7.78 x 10(11) Jones), rise/decay time (tau(r)/tau(d) = 0.31 s/1.21 s).
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| 18. |
- Kang, Jiseung, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbid health conditions in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- 2024
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Ingår i: Asian Journal of Psychiatry. - : ELSEVIER. - 1876-2018 .- 1876-2026. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to systematically review meta-analyses on the link between attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a broad range of psychiatric, physical, and behavioral health conditions (PROSPERO; no.CRD42023448907). Results: We identified 22 meta-analyses that included 544 primary studies, covering 76 unique conditions in over 234 million participants across 36 countries and six continents. We found high-certainty evidence for the associations between ADHD and neuropsychiatric conditions (bipolar disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and pragmatic language skills), night awakenings, obesity, decayed incipient surfaces, asthma, astigmatism, hyperopia and hypermetropia, strabismus, and suicide ideation. Moderate-certainty evidence suggested that ADHD was associated with headache, mood/affective disorders, depression, bruxism, bone fractures, atopic rhinitis, vision problems, suicide attempts, completed suicide, and all-cause mortality. Lowcertainty evidence indicated associations with eating disorders, sleep efficiency, type 2 diabetes, dental trauma prevalence, atopic diseases, and atopic dermatitis. Very low-certainty evidence showed associations between ADHD and several sleep parameters. Conclusion: We found varied levels of evidence for the associations of ADHD with multiple health conditions. Therefore, clinicians should consider a wide range of neurological, psychiatric, sleep and suicide-related, metabolic, musculoskeletal, oral, allergic, and visual conditions, as well as the increased risk of mortality when assessing individuals with ADHD.
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| 19. |
- Kim, Min-Jeong, et al.
(författare)
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Independent enhancement of the in-plane Seebeck effect in 2D PtSe2/PtSe2 homostructures via a facile interface tuning method
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) films have emerged as promising semiconducting materials for use in thermoelectric (TE) applications. However, the utilization of such materials remains challenging owing to the relatively high intrinsic resistance as the size of the TMDC thin films increases to the centimeter scale. These 2D TMDC films can also form vertically stacked homo- or heterostructures at large interfaces with other 2D TMDC films, resulting in unique TE properties at room temperature. This article reports on the in-plane TE properties when the interfaces formed within a PtSe2/PtSe2 (3 nm/3 nm) homostructure are modulated as a function of O2 plasma treatment time. The results show enhanced Seebeck coefficients compared with that of the single-layer PtSe2 with the same thickness. The independent enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient while keeping the electrical conductivity leads to a substantial increase in the power factor. Such extra Seebeck voltage in 2D PtSe2/PtSe2 homostructures is mainly as a result of momentum exchange by charge carriers caused by the temperature gradient in the vertical direction, which occurs in-plane Seebeck coefficient measurements, at the interface between the PtSe2 layers in the in-plane temperature gradient along the samples. These results resemble the characteristics of the phonon drag effect at low temperatures, which can independently increase the Seebeck coefficient at room temperature.
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| 20. |
- Kim, Se-Hoon, et al.
(författare)
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Nanophase oxalate precursors of thermoelectric CoSb3 by controlled coprecipitation predicted by thermodynamic modeling
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced Powder Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0921-8831 .- 1568-5527. ; 27:2, s. 773-778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The precursors for the formation of thermoelectric skutterudite CoSb3 nanoparticles are predicted by thermodynamic modeling of the complex chemical species. Based on the results, equimolar mixture of CoC2O4 center dot 2H(2)O and Sb(C2O4) OH are successively co-precipitated under controlled conditions of pH = 2.7 and concentration of reactants. The as synthesized powder was decomposed at 350 degrees C to remove the organic molecules and further reduced to CoSb3 phase by heating at 530 degrees C under hydrogen flow. The obtained powder was consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). CoSb3 prepared by controlled chemical co-precipitation has p-type behavior with a positive sign of the Seebeck coefficient. TE transport properties were measured, which revealed that the Seebeck coefficient increased 2.5 times with increasing the temperature and it is lower than the ball milled CoSb3. Thermal conductivity of sintered CoSb3 at 773 K starts from 0.06 W/cm K at room temperature and decreases to 0.04 W/cm K at 700 K, which is lower than the bulk counterpart. The ZT of coprecipitated CoSb3 and SPS consolidated at 773 K shows 2 times higher than the ball milled one. (C) 2016 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.
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