| 221. |
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| 222. |
- Kug, J. S., et al.
(författare)
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Two distinct influences of Arctic warming on cold winters over North America and East Asia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 8:10, s. 759-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arctic warming has sparked a growing interest because of its possible impacts on mid-latitude climate(1-5). A number of unusually harsh cold winters have occurred in many parts of East Asia and North America in the past few years(2,6,7), and observational and modelling studies have suggested that atmospheric variability linked to Arctic warming might have played a central role(1,3,4,8-11). Here we identify two distinct influences of Arctic warming which may lead to cold winters over East Asia or North America, based on observational analyses and extensive climate model results. We find that severe winters across East Asia are associated with anomalous warmth in the Barents-Kara Sea region, whereas severe winters over North America are related to anomalous warmth in the East Siberian-Chukchi Sea region. Each regional warming over the Arctic Ocean is accompanied by the local development of an anomalous anticyclone and the downstream development of a mid-latitude trough. The resulting northerly flow of cold air provides favourable conditions for severe winters in East Asia or North America. These links between Arctic and mid-latitude weather are also robustly found in idealized climate model experiments and CMIP5 multi-model simulations. We suggest that our results may help improve seasonal prediction of winter weather and extreme events in these regions.
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| 223. |
- Kumar, A. Naresh, et al.
(författare)
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Upgrading the value of anaerobic fermentation via renewable chemicals production : A sustainable integration for circular bioeconomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 806, part 1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single bioprocess approach has certain limitations in terms of process efficiency, product synthesis, and effective resource utilization. Integrated or combined bioprocessing maximizes resource recovery and creates a novel platform to establish sustainable biorefineries. Anaerobic fermentation (AF) is a well-established process for the transformation of organic waste into biogas; conversely, biogas CO2 separation is a challenging and cost-effective process. Biological fixation of CO2 for succinic acid (SA) mitigates CO2 separation issues and produces commercially important renewable chemicals. Additionally, utilizing digestate rich in volatile fatty acid (VFA) to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) creates a novel integrated platform by utilizing residual organic metabolites. The present review encapsulates the advantages and limitations of AF along with biogas CO2 fixation for SA and digestate rich in VFA utilization for MCFA in a closed-loop approach. Biomethane and biohydrogen process CO2 utilization for SA production is cohesively deliberated along with the role of biohydrogen as an alternative reducing agent to augment SA yields. Similarly, MCFA production using VFA as a substrate and function of electron donors namely ethanol, lactate, and hydrogen are comprehensively discussed. A road map to establish the fermentative biorefinery approach in the framework of AF integrated sustainable bioprocess development is deliberated along with limitations and factors influencing for techno-economic analysis. The discussed integrated approach significantly contributes to promote the circular bioeconomy by establishing carbon-neutral processes in accord with sustainable development goals.
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| 224. |
- Kumar, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Perchlorate removal from aqueous solutions by granular ferric hydroxide (GFH)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 159:1-3, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present research evaluates the efficacy of granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) for perchlorate removal from aqueous solutions. Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial perchlorate concentration, temperature, pH and competing anions on perchlorate removal by GFH. Results demonstrated that perchlorate uptake rate was rapid and maximum adsorption was completed within first 30 min and equilibrium was achieved within 60 min. Pseudo-second-order model favorably explains the sorption mechanism of perchlorate on to GFH. The maximum sorption capacity of GFH for perchlorate was ca. 20.0 mg g(-1) at pH 6.0-6.5 at room temperature (25 degrees C). The optimum perchlorate removal was observed between pH range of 3-7. The Raman spectroscopy results revealed that perchlorate was adsorbed on GFH through electrostatic attraction between perchlorate and positively charged surface sites. Results from this study demonstrated potential utility of GFH that could be developed into a viable technology for perchlorate removal from water.
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| 225. |
- Lee, Hunsang, et al.
(författare)
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Glycosylatable GFP as a compartment-specific membrane topology reporter
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 427:4, s. 780-784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determination of the membrane topology is an essential step in structural and functional studies of integral membrane proteins, yet the choices of membrane topology reporters are limited and the experimental analysis can be laborious, especially in eukaryotic cells. Here, we present a robust membrane topology reporter, glycosylatable green fluorescent protein (gGFP). gGFP is fully fluorescent in the yeast cytosol but becomes glycosylated and does not fluoresce in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Thus, by assaying fluorescence and the glycosylation status of C-terminal fusions of gGFP to target membrane proteins in whole-cell lysates, the localization of the gGFP moiety (and hence the fusion joint) relative to the ER membrane can be unambiguously determined.
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| 226. |
- Lee, Jinhee, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Variation and Autism : A Field Synopsis and Systematic Meta-Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3425. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to verify noteworthy findings between genetic risk factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by employing the false positive report probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP). PubMed and the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) catalog were searched from inception to 1 August, 2019. We included meta-analyses on genetic factors of ASD of any study design. Overall, twenty-seven meta-analyses articles from literature searches, and four manually added articles from the GWAS catalog were re-analyzed. This showed that five of 31 comparisons for meta-analyses of observational studies, 40 out of 203 comparisons for the GWAS meta-analyses, and 18 out of 20 comparisons for the GWAS catalog, respectively, had noteworthy estimations under both Bayesian approaches. In this study, we found noteworthy genetic comparisons highly related to an increased risk of ASD. Multiple genetic comparisons were shown to be associated with ASD risk; however, genuine associations should be carefully verified and understood.
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| 227. |
- Liu, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional Materials Strategies for Enhanced Safety of Wireless, Skin-Interfaced Bioelectronic Devices
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 33:34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many recently developed classes of wireless, skin-interfaced bioelectronic devices rely on conventional thermoset silicone elastomer materials, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), as soft encapsulating structures around collections of electronic components, radio frequency antennas and, commonly, rechargeable batteries. In optimized layouts and device designs, these materials provide attractive features, most prominently in their gentle, noninvasive interfaces to the skin even at regions of high curvature and large natural deformations. Past studies, however, overlook opportunities for developing variants of these materials for multimodal means to enhance the safety of the devices against failure modes that range from mechanical damage to thermal runaway. This study presents a self-healing PDMS dynamic covalent matrix embedded with chemistries that provide thermochromism, mechanochromism, strain-adaptive stiffening, and thermal insulation, as a collection of attributes relevant to safety. Demonstrations of this materials system and associated encapsulation strategy involve a wireless, skin-interfaced device that captures mechanoacoustic signatures of health status. The concepts introduced here can apply immediately to many other related bioelectronic devices.
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| 228. |
- Lustig, Robert H., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity I : Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biochemical Pharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0006-2952 .- 1356-1839. ; 199
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY3-36) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis " (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
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| 229. |
- Marklund, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality : An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 30 Cohort Studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 139:21, s. 2422-2436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Global dietary recommendations for and cardiovascular effects of linoleic acid, the major dietary omega-6 fatty acid, and its major metabolite, arachidonic acid, remain controversial. To address this uncertainty and inform international recommendations, we evaluated how in vivo circulating and tissue levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) relate to incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) across multiple international studies.Methods:We performed harmonized, de novo, individual-level analyses in a global consortium of 30 prospective observational studies from 13 countries. Multivariable-adjusted associations of circulating and adipose tissue LA and AA biomarkers with incident total CVD and subtypes (coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality) were investigated according to a prespecified analytic plan. Levels of LA and AA, measured as the percentage of total fatty acids, were evaluated linearly according to their interquintile range (ie, the range between the midpoint of the first and fifth quintiles), and categorically by quintiles. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus, statin use, aspirin use, omega-3 levels, and fatty acid desaturase 1 genotype (when available).Results:In 30 prospective studies with medians of follow-up ranging 2.5 to 31.9 years, 15198 incident cardiovascular events occurred among 68659 participants. Higher levels of LA were significantly associated with lower risks of total CVD, cardiovascular mortality, and ischemic stroke, with hazard ratios per interquintile range of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88-0.99), 0.78 (0.70-0.85), and 0.88 (0.79-0.98), respectively, and nonsignificantly with lower coronary heart disease risk (0.94; 0.88-1.00). Relationships were similar for LA evaluated across quintiles. AA levels were not associated with higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes; in a comparison of extreme quintiles, higher levels were associated with lower risk of total CVD (0.92; 0.86-0.99). No consistent heterogeneity by population subgroups was identified in the observed relationships.Conclusions:In pooled global analyses, higher in vivo circulating and tissue levels of LA and possibly AA were associated with lower risk of major cardiovascular events. These results support a favorable role for LA in CVD prevention.
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| 230. |
- Meyer, Jeffrey H, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders : PET imaging and promising new targets
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lancet psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 7:12, s. 1064-1074
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroinflammation is a multifaceted physiological and pathophysiological response of the brain to injury and disease. Given imaging findings of 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) and the development of radioligands for other inflammatory targets, PET imaging of neuroinflammation is at a particularly promising stage. This Review critically evaluates PET imaging results of inflammation in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and psychosis disorders, substance use, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We also consider promising new targets that can be measured in the brain, such as monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Thus far, the most compelling TSPO imaging results have arguably been found in major depressive disorder, for which consistent increases have been observed, and in schizophrenia and psychosis, for which patients show reduced TSPO levels. This pattern highlights the importance of validating brain biomarkers of neuroinflammation for each condition separately before moving on to patient stratification and treatment monitoring trials.
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