| 51. |
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Park, J, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-Environment Interactions Relevant to Estrogen and Risk of Breast Cancer: Can Gene-Environment Interactions Be Detected Only among Candidate SNPs from Genome-Wide Association Studies?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we aim to examine gene–environment interactions (GxEs) between genes involved with estrogen metabolism and environmental factors related to estrogen exposure. GxE analyses were conducted with 1970 Korean breast cancer cases and 2052 controls in the case-control study, the Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS). A total of 11,555 SNPs from the 137 candidate genes were included in the GxE analyses with eight established environmental factors. A replication test was conducted by using an independent population from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), with 62,485 Europeans and 9047 Asians. The GxE tests were performed by using two-step methods in GxEScan software. Two interactions were found in the SEBCS. The first interaction was shown between rs13035764 of NCOA1 and age at menarche in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.2 × 10−3). The age at menarche before 14 years old was associated with the high risk of breast cancer, and the risk was higher when subjects had homozygous minor allele G. The second GxE was shown between rs851998 near ESR1 and height in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.1 × 10−4). Height taller than 160 cm was associated with a high risk of breast cancer, and the risk increased when the minor allele was added. The findings were not replicated in the BCAC. These results would suggest specificity in Koreans for breast cancer risk.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Smits, KM, et al.
(författare)
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Association of metabolic gene polymorphisms with tobacco consumption in healthy controls
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 110:2, s. 266-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymorphisms in genes that encode for metabolic enzymes have been associated with variations in enzyme activity between individuals. Such variations could be associated with differences in individual exposure to carcinogens that are metabolized by these genes. In this study, we examine the association between polymorphisms in several metabolic genes and the consumption of tobacco in a large sample of healthy individuals. The database of the International Collaborative Study on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens was used. All the individuals who were controls from the case-control studies included in the data set with information on smoking habits and on genetic polymorphisms were selected (n = 20,938). Sufficient information was available on the following genes that are involved in the metabolism of tobacco smoke constituents: CYPIAI, GSTMI, GSTTI, NAT2 and GSTPI. None of the tested genes was clearly associated with smoking behavior. Information on smoking dose, available for a subset of subjects, showed no effect of metabolic gene polymorphisms on the amount of smoking. No association between polymorphisms in the genes studied and tobacco consumption was observed; therefore, no effect of these genes on smoking behavior should be expected.
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| 57. |
- Smits, KM, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between smoking, GSTM1 deletion and colorectal cancer: results from the GSEC study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biomarkers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-5804 .- 1354-750X. ; 8:3-4, s. 299-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cigarette smoking has inconsistently been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. One of the enzymes responsible for the detoxification of the carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke is glutathione S-transferase-mu (GST-mu). The gene that codes for this enzyme is GSTM1. In this study, we evaluated the associations and interaction between GSTM1 deletion, smoking behaviour and the development of colorectal cancer. We performed a pooled analysis within the International Collaborative Study on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC). We selected six studies on colorectal cancer, including 1130 cases and 2519 controls, and restricted our analyses to Caucasians because the number of patients from other races was too limited. In addition we performed a meta-analysis including the studies from the GSEC database and other studies identified on MEDLINE on the same subject. The prevalence of the GSTM1 null genotype was within the range reported in other studies: 51.8% of the cases had the GSTM1 null genotype versus 56.6% of the controls. No significant association between the GSTM1 null genotype and colorectal cancer was found (odds ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.73-1.14). Our results suggest a possible positive association between lack of the GST-mu enzyme and colorectal cancer for non-smoking women (odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 0.80-2.70). There was no interaction between the effects of smoking and GSTM1 genotype on colorectal cancer risk in men and women (chi(2) = 0.007, p = 0.97). Our findings do not support an association between the GSTM1 null genotype and colorectal cancer. In addition, we did not find any modification of the smoking-induced colorectal cancer risk by GSTM1 genotype.
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