| 21. |
- Gurung, Rejina, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling Up Safer Birth Bundle Through Quality Improvement in Nepal (SUSTAIN) - a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in public hospitals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Implementation Science. - : BMC. - 1748-5908. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Each year, 2.2 million intrapartum-related deaths (intrapartum stillbirths and first day neonatal deaths) occur worldwide with 99% of them taking place in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the accelerated increase in the proportion of deliveries taking place in health facilities in these settings, the stillborn and neonatal mortality rates have not reduced proportionately. Poor quality of care in health facilities is attributed to two-thirds of these deaths. Improving quality of care during the intrapartum period needs investments in evidence-based interventions. We aim to evaluate the quality improvement packageScaling Up Safer Bundle Through Quality Improvement in Nepal (SUSTAIN)on intrapartum care and intrapartum-related mortality in public hospitals of Nepal.Methods: We will conduct a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in eight public hospitals with each having least 3000 deliveries a year. Each hospital will represent a cluster with an intervention transition period of 2months in each. With a level of significance of 95%, the statistical power of 90% and an intra-cluster correlation of 0.00015, a study period of 19months should detect at least a 15% change in intrapartum-related mortality. Quality improvement training, mentoring, systematic feedback, and a continuous improvement cycle will be instituted based on bottleneck analyses in each hospital. All concerned health workers will be trained on standard basic neonatal resuscitation and essential newborn care. Portable fetal heart monitors (Moyo (R)) and neonatal heart rate monitors (Neobeat (R)) will be introduced in the hospitals to identify fetal distress during labor and to improve neonatal resuscitation. Independent research teams will collect data in each hospital on intervention inputs, processes, and outcomes by reviewing records and carrying out observations and interviews. The dose-response effect will be evaluated through process evaluations.Discussion: With the global momentum to improve quality of intrapartum care, better understanding of QI package within a health facility context is important. The proposed package is based on experiences from a similar previous scale-up trial carried out in Nepal. The proposed evaluation will provide evidence on QI package and technology for implementation and scale up in similar settings.
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| 22. |
- Gurung, Rejina, et al.
(författare)
-
Scaling Up Safer Birth Bundle Through Quality Improvement in Nepal (SUSTAIN)-a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in public hospitals.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Implementation science : IS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-5908. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Each year, 2.2 million intrapartum-related deaths (intrapartum stillbirths and first day neonatal deaths) occur worldwide with 99% of them taking place in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the accelerated increase in the proportion of deliveries taking place in health facilities in these settings, the stillborn and neonatal mortality rates have not reduced proportionately. Poor quality of care in health facilities is attributed to two-thirds of these deaths. Improving quality of care during the intrapartum period needs investments in evidence-based interventions. We aim to evaluate the quality improvement package-Scaling Up Safer Bundle Through Quality Improvement in Nepal (SUSTAIN)-on intrapartum care and intrapartum-related mortality in public hospitals of Nepal.We will conduct a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in eight public hospitals with each having least 3000 deliveries a year. Each hospital will represent a cluster with an intervention transition period of 2 months in each. With a level of significance of 95%, the statistical power of 90% and an intra-cluster correlation of 0.00015, a study period of 19 months should detect at least a 15% change in intrapartum-related mortality. Quality improvement training, mentoring, systematic feedback, and a continuous improvement cycle will be instituted based on bottleneck analyses in each hospital. All concerned health workers will be trained on standard basic neonatal resuscitation and essential newborn care. Portable fetal heart monitors (Moyo®) and neonatal heart rate monitors (Neobeat®) will be introduced in the hospitals to identify fetal distress during labor and to improve neonatal resuscitation. Independent research teams will collect data in each hospital on intervention inputs, processes, and outcomes by reviewing records and carrying out observations and interviews. The dose-response effect will be evaluated through process evaluations.With the global momentum to improve quality of intrapartum care, better understanding of QI package within a health facility context is important. The proposed package is based on experiences from a similar previous scale-up trial carried out in Nepal. The proposed evaluation will provide evidence on QI package and technology for implementation and scale up in similar settings.ISRCTN16741720 . Registered on 2 March 2019.
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| 23. |
- Kar, Ashish Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling and understanding the remarkable enhancement in the catalytic activity by the defect creation in UIO-66 during the catalytic transfer hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin with isopropanol
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The catalytic transfer hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin is generally achieved using noble metal-based catalysts. Herein, we report a mechanistic investigation of the catalytic transfer hydrodeoxygenation (CTHDO) of vanillin over a defect-induced UIO-66 MOF. The remarkable enhancement in the CTHDO of vanillin was due to the unique structural features of the defect-induced UIO-66 MOF. The defect creation was confirmed using PXRD, N2 -sorption, FT-IR, XPS, HRTEM, dissolution 1H NMR, and quantified by TGA. The linker deficiency created Lewis acid and dynamic Bronsted acid and was confirmed by the NH3-TPD and CD3CN drift FT-IR. The periodic density functional theory calculations were conducted to elucidate the reaction pathway and mechanism. Density function theory, poisoning studies, control reactions, and quantified defect sites elucidate the active sites of the UIO-66def involved in the CTHDO of vanillin with isopropanol. The catalyst was efficiently recycled and retained its activity and structural features after multiple recycles.
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| 24. |
- Kasliwal, Mansi M., et al.
(författare)
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Kilonova Luminosity Function Constraints Based on Zwicky Transient Facility Searches for 13 Neutron Star Merger Triggers during O3
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 905:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a systematic search for optical counterparts to 13 gravitational wave (GW) triggers involving at least one neutron star during LIGO/Virgo's third observing run (O3). We searched binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star black hole (NSBH) merger localizations with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and undertook follow-up with the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaboration. The GW triggers had a median localization area of 4480 deg(2), a median distance of 267 Mpc, and false-alarm rates ranging from 1.5 to 10(-25) yr(-1). The ZTF coverage in the g and r bands had a median enclosed probability of 39%, median depth of 20.8 mag, and median time lag between merger and the start of observations of 1.5 hr. The O3 follow-up by the GROWTH team comprised 340 UltraViolet/Optical/InfraRed (UVOIR) photometric points, 64 OIR spectra, and three radio images using 17 different telescopes. We find no promising kilonovae (radioactivity-powered counterparts), and we show how to convert the upper limits to constrain the underlying kilonova luminosity function. Initially, we assume that all GW triggers are bona fide astrophysical events regardless of false-alarm rate and that kilonovae accompanying BNS and NSBH mergers are drawn from a common population; later, we relax these assumptions. Assuming that all kilonovae are at least as luminous as the discovery magnitude of GW170817 (-16.1 mag), we calculate that our joint probability of detecting zero kilonovae is only 4.2%. If we assume that all kilonovae are brighter than -16.6 mag (the extrapolated peak magnitude of GW170817) and fade at a rate of 1 mag day(-1) (similar to GW170817), the joint probability of zero detections is 7%. If we separate the NSBH and BNS populations based on the online classifications, the joint probability of zero detections, assuming all kilonovae are brighter than -16.6 mag, is 9.7% for NSBH and 7.9% for BNS mergers. Moreover, no more than <57% (<89%) of putative kilonovae could be brighter than -16.6 mag assuming flat evolution (fading by 1 mag day(-1)) at the 90% confidence level. If we further take into account the online terrestrial probability for each GW trigger, we find that no more than <68% of putative kilonovae could be brighter than -16.6 mag. Comparing to model grids, we find that some kilonovae must have M-ej M, X-lan > 10(-4), or > 30 degrees to be consistent with our limits. We look forward to searches in the fourth GW observing run; even 17 neutron star mergers with only 50% coverage to a depth of -16 mag would constrain the maximum fraction of bright kilonovae to <25%.
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| 25. |
- Kumar, Ravinder, et al.
(författare)
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A Surface Modification Approach to Overcome Wetting Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology. - 1941-0085 .- 1536-125X. ; 21, s. 158-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gallium based eutectic alloys are one of the promising substitutes for mercury. These alloys are nontoxic and environment friendly and have similar or equivalent properties as that of mercury. These alloys exhibit good electrical and thermal properties. However, these alloys form oxides when in contact with oxygen atoms. Due to this, the material surface tension changes, which renders them unsuitable for those applications where the mobility of the fluid is a valuable factor, such as in thermometers and blood pressure monitoring devices. There are few methods reported to remove the oxide layer from the surface of the gallium-based alloys, like acid and base treatment prior to use, but all these methods are not durable and long-lasting. Here in this work, we report gallium oxide coating as a simple approach to convert mercury manometer glass tube, which has glass as a substrate to a nonwetting surface against surface-oxidized gallium-based liquid metal alloys. These alloys form an oxidized layer in ambient air (O-2 >1 ppm) and show stickiness to almost all surfaces that impact the residue-free movement of the liquid metal droplets. Herein, the physical vapor deposition technique was used for gallium oxide coating on substrates such as silicon wafer and glass slide. Moreover, various characterizations were carried out to support our outcomes. This method does not require any micro/nano machining or specific nanoscale surface topology. The contact angle was measured with or without coated gallium oxide film on the glass substrate, and the static contact angle (c.a.) 137.69 degrees and with bared glass 94.30 degrees.
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| 26. |
- Manning, Alisa, et al.
(författare)
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A Low-Frequency Inactivating AKT2 Variant Enriched in the Finnish Population Is Associated With Fasting Insulin Levels and Type 2 Diabetes Risk
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : AMER DIABETES ASSOC. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 66:7, s. 2019-2032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify novel coding association signals and facilitate characterization of mechanisms influencing glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes risk, we analyzed 109,215 variants derived from exome array genotyping together with an additional 390,225 variants from exome sequence in up to 39,339 normoglycemic individuals from five ancestry groups. We identified a novel association between the coding variant (p.Pro50Thr) in AKT2 and fasting plasma insulin (FI), a gene in which rare fully penetrant mutations are causal for monogenic glycemic disorders. The low-frequency allele is associated with a 12% increase in FI levels. This variant is present at 1.1% frequency in Finns but virtually absent in individuals from other ancestries. Carriers of the FI-increasing allele had increased 2-h insulin values, decreased insulin sensitivity, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.05). In cellular studies, the AKT2-Thr50 protein exhibited a partial loss of function. We extend the allelic spectrum for coding variants in AKT2 associated with disorders of glucose homeostasis and demonstrate bidirectional effects of variants within the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT2.
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| 27. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 28. |
- Pandey, Rampal, et al.
(författare)
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Strong luminescence behavior of mono- and dimeric imidazoquinazolines: Swift OLED degradation under electrical current
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Luminescence. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0022-2313 .- 1872-7883. ; 181, s. 252-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design and synthesis of novel mono-and dimeric quinazoline derivatives (+)-6-methyl-6-pyridin-2-yl-5,6-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline (1) and (+)-6-[(6-methyl-5,6-dihydrobenzo-[4,5]imidazo [1,2-c] quinazolin-6-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro-benzo-[4,5]imidazo-[1,2-c] quinazoline (2) have been described. Both 1 and 2 have been characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR, HRMS spectroscopic studies and their structures authenticated by X-ray single crystal analyses. Photophysical properties of these compounds have been studied by UV/VIS absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and transient photoluminescence analysis in solution, powder, and non-doped (neat) and doped vacuum-deposited films. A broad emission spectrum spanning most of the visible range and good thermal stability indicated promising application of 1 and 2 as OLED emitters. Unfortunately, under current flow we observed rapid device degradation, presumably to be related to free -NH moiety in these compounds. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
- Perley, Daniel A., et al.
(författare)
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The fast, luminous ultraviolet transient AT2018cow : extreme supernova, or disruption of a star by an intermediate-mass black hole?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 484:1, s. 1031-1049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wide-field optical surveys have begun to uncover large samples of fast (t(rise) less than or similar to 5 d), luminous (M-peak < 18), blue transients. While commonly attributed to the breakout of a supernova shock into a dense wind, the great distances to the transients of this class found so far have hampered detailed investigation of their properties. We present photometry and spectroscopy from a comprehensive worldwide campaign to observe AT 2018cow (ATLAS 18qqn), the first fast-luminous optical transient to be found in real time at low redshift. Our first spectra (<2 days after discovery) are entirely featureless. A very broad absorption feature suggestive of near-relativistic velocities develops between 3 and 8 days, then disappears. Broad emission features of H and He develop after >10 days. The spectrum remains extremely hot throughout its evolution, and the photospheric radius contracts with time (receding below R < 10 (14) cm after 1 month). This behaviour does not match that of any known supernova, although a relativistic jet within a fallback supernova could explain some of the observed features. Alternatively, the transient could originate from the disruption of a star by an intermediate-mass black hole, although this would require long-lasting emission of highly super-Eddington thermal radiation. In either case, AT 2018cow suggests that the population of fast luminous transients represents a new class of astrophysical event. Intensive follow-up of this event in its late phases, and of any future events found at comparable distance, will be essential to better constrain their origins.
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| 30. |
- Rajput, Jitendra, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic and Socio-economic Analysis of Bhimsagar Irrigation Scheme
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology, Environment and Conservation. - India : EM International. - 0971-765X. ; 27:suppl., s. S320-S330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faulty operation and poor upkeep of irrigation infrastructures have caused low irrigation efficiency inmany major and medium schemes globally. Low performance is mainly caused due to poor physicalcondition and low maintenance. This study was done to carry out the diagnostic and socio-economic analysisof the Bhimsagar irrigation scheme. In the diagnostic analysis, operational problems in the entire canalnetwork of Bhimsagar irrigation project were assessed by conducting several field surveys and by holdingfarmers meeting. As agriculture developmental schemes in any area cause changes in the economic conditionof farmers. The socio-economic survey was undertaken on total of 600 families engaged in agriculture andcovering 3118 persons/farmers in the scheme’s entire command area. Results revealed that water deliveryand distribution system is not satisfactory. Head reach farmers utilize more water than the middle and tailend section without considering the actual crop water demand. Overall, irrigation efficiency was 27 %,emphasizing that current operational and maintenance policies should be changed to improve systemsperformance. Agriculture is the primary income source of people, and their living standard is inadequate.New technology adoption is rare due to poor education and knowledge on recent developments in agriculturetechnologies.
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