| 61. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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A General Methodology and Architecture for Arbitrary Complex Number Nth Root Computation
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 SCAS 2021/IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the existing complex number Nth root computation methods are relatively discrete, we propose a general method and architecture based on coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) to compute arbitrary complex number Nth root for the first time. Our method performs the tasks of computing complex modulus, complex phase angle, real Nth root, sine function and cosine function, which can be implemented by circular CORDIC, linear CORDIC and hyperbolic CORDIC. Based on these CORDICs, our proposed architecture can not only improve the hardware efficiency just through shift-add operations, but also flexibly adjust the precision and the input range of complex number Nth root. To prove its feasibility, we conduct a software simulation and implement an example circuit in hardware. Under the TSMC 28nm CMOS technology, we synthesize it and get the report that it has the area of 6561 mu m(2) and the power of 3.95mW at the frequency of 1.5GHz.
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| 62. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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An Efficient Hardware Architecture with Adjustable Precision and Extensible Range to Implement Sigmoid and Tanh Functions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electronics. - : MDPI. - 2079-9292. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficient and precise hardware implementations of tanh and sigmoid functions play an important role in various neural network algorithms. Different applications have different requirements for accuracy. However, it is difficult for traditional methods to achieve adjustable precision. Therefore, we propose an efficient-hardware, adjustable-precision and high-speed architecture to implement them for the first time. Firstly, we present two methods to implement sigmoid and tanh functions. One is based on the rotation mode of hyperbolic CORDIC and the vector mode of linear CORDIC (called RHC-VLC), another is based on the carry-save method and the vector mode of linear CORDIC (called CSM-VLC). We validate the two methods by MATLAB and RTL implementations. Synthesized under the TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology, we find that a special case AR divide VR(3,0), based on RHC-VLC method, has the area of 4290.98 mu m2 and the power of 1.69 mW at the frequency of 1.5 GHz. However, under the same frequency, AR divide VC(3) (a special case based on CSM-VLC method) costs 3196.36 mu m2 area and 1.38 mW power. They are both superior to existing methods for implementing such an architecture with adjustable precision.
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| 63. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperbolic CORDIC-Based Architecture for Computing Logarithm and Its Implementation
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - II - Express Briefs. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1549-7747 .- 1558-3791. ; 67:11, s. 2652-2656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)-based method to compute the logarithm function with base 2 and validate this method by software simulation and hardware implementation. Technically, we overcome the limitation of traditional hyperbolic CORDIC and transform it based on the idea of generalized hyperbolic CORDIC so that it can be used to compute $log_{2}x\;(x\;\epsilon \;[1,2))$ . The proposed method requires only simple shift-and-add operations and has a great tradeoff between precision (or speed) and area. In MATLAB, we provide different precisions corresponding to the iterations of the transformed CORDIC for user needs. Using a pipelined structure and setting the number of iterations to be 16 (the average relative error is $2.09\times 10<^>{-6}$ ), we implement an example hardware circuit. Synthesized under the SMIC 65nm CMOS technology, the circuit has an area of 24100 $\mu m<^>{2}$ and computation time of 11.1 ns, which can save 31.04x0025; area and improve 6.92x0025; computation speed averagely compared with existing methods.
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| 64. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Complexity High-Precision Method and Architecture for Computing the Logarithm of Complex Numbers
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1549-8328 .- 1558-0806. ; 68:8, s. 3293-3304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a low-complexity method and architecture to compute the logarithm of complex numbers based on coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC). Our method takes advantage of the vector mode of circular CORDIC and hyperbolic CORDIC, which only needs shift-add operations in its hardware implementation. Our architecture has lower design complexity and higher performance compared with conventional architectures. Through software simulation, we show that this method can achieve high precision for logarithm computation, reaching the relative error of 10(-7). Finally, we design and implement an example circuit under TSMC 28nm CMOS technology. According to the synthesis report, our architecture has smaller area, lower power consumption, higher precision and wider operation range compared with the alternative architectures.
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| 65. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Symmetric-Mapping LUT-Based Method and Architecture for Computing X-Y-Like Functions
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1549-8328 .- 1558-0806. ; 68:3, s. 1231-1244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a new method and hardware architecture to compute the functions expressed as XY ( X and Y are arbitrary floating-point numbers), which can support arbitrary Nth root, exponential and power operations. Because of the complexity of direct computation, we usually convert it to logarithm, multiplication, and antilogarithm operations. Traditional approaches suffer from long latency, large area and high power consumption. To solve this problem, we propose a symmetric-mapping lookup table (SM-LUT) to be capable of computing log(2) x (x is an element of [1, 2]) and 2 x (x is an element of [0, 1]) simultaneously. It lays the foundation for computing XY. To further improve hardware performance of our architecture, we propose a multi-region address searcher to speed up the calculation of SM-LUT. In addition, we use an optimized Vedic multiplier to shorten the critical path and improve the efficiency of multiplication, which is included in computing X-Y. Under the TSMC 40nm CMOS technology, we design and synthesize a reference circuit to compute X-Y with a maximum relative error of 10(-3). The report shows that the reference circuit achieves the area of 14338.50 mu m(2) and the power consumption of 4.59 mW at the frequency of 1 GHz. In comparison with the state-of-the-art work under the same input range and similar precision, it saves 78.57% area and 80.42% power consumption for (N)root R computation and 82.89% area and 81.89% power consumption for R-N computation averagely. On top of that, our architecture reduces the computation latency by 62.77% averagely and has one more order of magnitude of energy efficiency than others.
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| 66. |
- Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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| 67. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Guo, Hui-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Alleviation of allergic asthma by rosmarinic acid via gut-lung axis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma affects 3% of the global population, leading to over 0.25 million deaths. Due to its complexity, asthma is difficult to cure or prevent, and current therapies have limitations. This has led to a growing demand for alternative asthma treatments. We found rosmarinic acid (RosA) as a potential new drug candidate from natural medicine. However, RosA has poor bioavailability and remains mainly in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in its bioactivity. Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of RosA in alleviating allergic asthma by gut-lung axis. Methods: We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites analysis to investigate RosA's modulation of gut microbiota. Techniques of molecular biology and metabolomics were employed to study the pharmacological mechanism of RosA. Cohousing was used to confirm the involvement of gut microbiota in RosA-induced improvement of allergic asthma. Results: RosA decreased cholate levels from spore-forming bacteria, leading to reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) synthesis, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. It also increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, facilitating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins to promote intestinal integrity. SCFAs upregulated intestinal monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), thereby improving their systemic delivery to reduce Th2/ILC2 mediated inflammatory response and suppress eosinophil influx and mucus production in lung. Additionally, RosA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production and translocation, leading to reduced TLR4-NF kappa B mediated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The anti-asthmatic mechanism of oral RosA is primarily driven by modulation of gut microbiotaderived 5-HT, SCFAs, and LPS, achieving a combined synergistic effect. RosA is a safe, effective, and reliable drug candidate that could potentially replace glucocorticoids for asthma treatment.
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| 70. |
- He, Yixing, et al.
(författare)
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Chain Length Modulated Dimerization and Cyclization of Terminal Thienyl-Blocked Oligopyrranes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Organic Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1523-7060 .- 1523-7052. ; 24:29, s. 5428-5432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidation of thienyl-blocked bilane and pentapyrrane afforded chain length dependent products of the symmetric dimer D1 and the thienyloligopyrrin-appended pentaphyrin analogue P2, respectively, with the latter formed by simultaneous dimerization and cyclization. Coordination of D1 and P2 with Cu(II) afforded di-and monometallic complexes D1-Cu2 and P2 -Cu, respectively. These compounds exhibit distinct NIR absorption, with the absorption tail of D1-Cu2 extended to ca. 1900 nm despite its smaller conjugation framework than that of P2 -Cu.
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