| 61. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive Regulation in Affective and Adaptive Behaviour: An Allostatic-Cybernetics Perspective
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advanced Research on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures. A volume in the Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics (ACIR) Book Series.. - : IGI Global. ; , s. 148-177
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, different notions of allostasis (the process of achieving stability through change) as they apply to adaptive behavior are presented. The authors discuss how notions of allostasis can be usefully applied to Cybernetics-based homeostatic systems. Particular emphasis is placed upon affective states – motivational and emotional – and, above all, the notion of ‘predictive’ regulation, as distinct from forms of ‘reactive’ regulation, in homeostatic systems. The authors focus here on Ashby’s ultrastability concept that entails behavior change for correcting homeostatic errors (deviations from the healthy range of essential, physiological, variables). The authors consider how the ultrastability concept can be broadened to incorporate allostatic mechanisms and how they may enhance adaptive physiological and behavioral activity. Finally, this chapter references different (Cybernetics-based) theoretical frameworks that incorporate the notion of allostasis. The article then attempts to untangle how the given perspectives fit into the ‘allostatic ultrastable systems’ framework postulated by the authors.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Studying the Effects of Affective Memory in Joint Activity
- 2017
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Ingår i: 7th Joint Action Meeting, London, United Kingdom.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a previous article, we put forward a hypothesis for the existence of a neural-computational mechanism of affective memory that can be used to facilitate Joint Action between co-actors. Our hypothesized affective mechanism provides a value function implementation of Associative Two-Process (ATP) theory. This theory entails the classification of external stimuli according to differentially valuated outcome expectancies. This process can predominate in decision making or choice tasks over an alternative stimulus-response (‘habitual’) memory process. The ATP perspective has been used to describe animal and human action that concerns differentially rewarded outcomes. Until now it has not been applied to social interaction. We present experimental work that attempts to validate our social-affective ATP hypothesis – that affective-ATP memory processes can be exploited both in individual and social contexts. We do this in a scenario that requires human subjects to make stimulus response choices using a mouse controller in a computer game both in individual scenarios, and in relation to feedback from the choices of a (video recorded) other. The results provide some initial support for our hypothesis – subjects learn from another’s stimulus-outcomes and apply this to their own stimulus-response activity. We contend that follow up experiments are necessary to identify the types of social interaction that exploit, or not, a generalized, versus social-specific, (affective) value function.
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| 65. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The degree of potential damage in agonistic contests and its effects on social aggression, territoriality and display evolution
- 2005
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Ingår i: The 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation IEEE CEC 2005. - New York : IEEE conference proceedings. - 0780393635 ; , s. 351-358
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential for animals to inflict damage on one another whilst competing for indivisible resources is a factor of crucial importance when determining pay-offs to such animals and consequent likelihood of adopting an aggressive resource procurement strategy, a less costly display-based alternative or just a retreat response. Using computer simulations of evolving agents, we assessed the effects of degree of damage potential on social aggression and resource procuring strategies. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of evolving ritualized displays used in contests over resources relative to damage potential. Our results showed that aggressive interactions increased in frequency when the degree of damage potential was low. Ritualized displays tended to reduce aggressive approaches and mortality rate where damage potential was high and low but this was not the case at the intermediate level where aggression and mortality rate increased.
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| 66. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The dual-route hypothesis : evaluating a neurocomputational model of fear conditioning in rats
- 2009
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Ingår i: Connection science (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0954-0091 .- 1360-0494. ; 21:1, s. 15-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the neural bases of emotion raises much controversy and few quantitative models exist that can help address the issues raised. Here we replicate and dissect one of those models, Armony and colleagues’neurocomputational model of fear conditioning, which is based on LeDoux’s dual-route hypothesis regarding the rat fear circuitry. The importance of the model’s modular abstraction of the neuroanatomy, its use of population coding, and in particular the interplay between thalamo-amygdala and thalamo-cortical pathways are tested. We show that a trivially minimal version of the model can produce conditioning to a reinforced stimulus without recourse to the dual pathway structure, but a modification of the original model, which nevertheless preserves the thalamo-amygdala and (reduced) thalamo-cortical pathways, enables stronger conditioning to a conditioned stimulus. Implications for neurocomputational modelling approaches are discussed.
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| 67. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The Embodied Dynamics of Emotion, Appraisal and Attention
- 2007
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Ingår i: Attention in Cognitive Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540773429 - 9783540773436 ; , s. 1-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotions can be considered inextricably linked to embodied appraisals - perceptions of bodily states that inform agents of how they are faring in the world relative to their own well-being. Emotion-appraisals are thus relational phenomena the relevance of which can be learned or evolutionarily selected for given a reliable coupling between agent-internal and environmental states. An emotion-appraisal attentional disposition permits agents to produce behaviour that exploits such couplings allowing for adaptive agent performance across agent-environment interactions. This chapter discusses emotions in terms of dynamical processes whereby attentional dispositions are considered central to an understanding of behaviour. The need to reconcile a dynamical systems perspective with an approach that views emotions as attentional dispositions representative of embodied relational phenomena (embodied appraisals) is argued for. Attention and emotion are considered to be features of adaptive agent behaviour that are interdependent in their temporal, structural and organizational relations.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The feeling of action tendencies : on the emotional regulation of goal-directed behavior
- 2011
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Research Foundation. - 1664-1078. ; 2:Dec, s. Article 346-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we review the nature of the functional and causal relationship between neurophysiologically/psychologically generated states of emotional feeling and action tendencies and extrapolate a novel perspective. Emotion theory, over the past century and beyond, has tended to regard feeling and action tendency as independent phenomena: attempts to outline the functional and causal relationship that exists between them have been framed therein. Classically, such relationships have been viewed as unidirectional, but an argument for bidirectionality rooted in a dynamic systems perspective has gained strength in recent years whereby the feeling-action tendency relationship is viewed as a composite whole. On the basis of our review of somatic-visceral theories of feelings, we argue that feelings are grounded upon neural-dynamic representations (elevated and stable activation patterns) of action tendency. Such representations amount to predictions updated by cognitive and bodily feedback. Specifically, we view emotional feelings as minimalist predictions of the action tendency (what the agent is physiologically and cognitively primed to do) in a given situation. The essence of this point is captured by our exposition of action tendency prediction-feedback loops with we consider, above all, in the context of emotion regulation, and in particular, of emotional regulation of goal-directed behavior. The perspective outlined may be of use to emotion theorists, computational modelers, and roboticists.
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