| 51. |
- Dubol, Manon, et al.
(författare)
-
Acute nicotine exposure blocks aromatase in the limbic brain of healthy women : A [11C]cetrozole PET study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Of interest to women's mental health, a wealth of studies suggests sex differences in nicotine addiction and treatment response, but their psychoneuroendocrine underpinnings remain largely unknown. A pathway involving sex steroids could indeed be involved in the behavioural effects of nicotine, as it was found to inhibit aromatase in vitro and in vivo in rodents and non-human primates, respectively. Aromatase regulates the synthesis of oestrogens and, of relevance to addiction, is highly expressed in the limbic brain.Methods: The present study sought to investigate in vivo aromatase availability in relation to exposure to nicotine in healthy women. Structural magnetic resonance imaging and two [11C]cetrozole positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed to assess the availability of aromatase before and after administration of nicotine. Gonadal hormones and cotinine levels were measured. Given the region-specific expression of aromatase, a ROI -based approach was employed to assess changes in [11C]cetrozole non-displaceable binding potential.Results: The highest availability of aromatase was found in the right and left thalamus. Upon nicotine exposure, [11C]cetrozole binding in the thalamus was acutely decreased bilaterally (Cohen's d =-0.99). In line, cotinine levels were negatively associated with aromatase availability in the thalamus, although as non-significant trend.Conclusions: These findings indicate acute blocking of aromatase availability by nicotine in the thalamic area. This suggests a new putative mechanism mediating the effects of nicotine on human behaviour, particularly relevant to sex differences in nicotine addiction.
|
|
| 52. |
- Eriksson, Jan W, et al.
(författare)
-
Tissue-specific glucose partitioning and fat content in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: whole-body PET/MRI during hyperinsulinemia
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 184:6, s. 879-899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To obtain direct quantifications of glucose turnover, volumes an d fat content of several tissues in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a novel integrated a pproach for whole-body imaging. Design and methods: Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and simultaneous whole-body integrated [18F]FDG-PET/MRI with automated analyses were performed in control (n = 12), prediabetes (n = 16) and T2D (n = 13) subjects matched for age, sex and BMI. Results: Whole-body glucose uptake (Rd) was reduced by approximately 25% in T2D vs control subjects, and partitioning to brain was increased from 3.8% of total Rd in co ntrols to 7.1% in T2D. In liver, subcutaneous AT, thigh muscle, total tissue glucose metabolic rates (MRglu) and their % of total Rd were reduced in T2D compared to contr ol subjects. The prediabetes group had intermediate findings. Total MRglu in heart, visceral AT, gluteus and calf muscle was similar across groups. Whole-body insulin sensitivity asses sed as glucose infusion rate correlated with liver MR glu but inversely with brain MRglu. Liver fat content correlated with MRglu in brain but inversely with MRglu in other tissues. Calf muscle fat was inversely associated with MR glu only in the same muscle group. Conclusions: This integrated imaging approach provides detailed quantification of tissue-specific glucose metabolism. During T2D development, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal is impaired and increasingly shifted away from muscle, liver and fat toward the brain. Altered glucose handling in the brain and liver fat accumulation may aggravate insulin resistance in several organs. © 2021 BioScientifica Ltd.. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 53. |
|
|
| 54. |
- Eriksson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
The Positron Emission Tomography ligand [11C]5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan can be used as a surrogate marker for the human endocrine pancreas
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 63:10, s. 3428-3437
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In humans a well-developed serotonin system is localized to the pancreatic islets while being absent in exocrine pancreas. Assessment of pancreatic serotonin biosynthesis could therefore be used to estimate the human endocrine pancreas. Proof of concept was tested in a prospective clinical trial by comparisons of type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, with extensive reduction of beta cells, with healthy volunteers (HV).C-peptide negative (i.e. insulin-deficient) T1D subjects (n=10) and HV (n=9) underwent dynamic Positron Emission Tomography with the radiolabeled serotonin precursor [(11)C]5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan ([(11)C]5-HTP).A significant accumulation of [(11)C]5-HTP was obtained in the pancreas of the HV, with large inter-individual variation. A substantial and highly significant reduction (66%) in the pancreatic uptake of [(11)C]5-HTP in T1D subjects was observed, and this was most evident in the corpus and caudal regions of the pancreas where beta-cells normally are the major constituent of the islets.[(11)C]5-HTP retention in the pancreas was reduced in T1D compared to non-diabetic subjects. Accumulation of [(11)C]5-HTP in the pancreas of both HV and subjects with T1D were in agreement with previously reported morphological observations on the beta cell volume implying that [(11)C]5-HTP retention is a useful non-invasive surrogate marker for the human endocrine pancreas.
|
|
| 55. |
- Estrada, Sergio, et al.
(författare)
-
[C-11]UCB-A, a novel PET tracer for synaptic vesicle protein 2 A
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 43:6, s. 325-332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Development of a selective and specific high affinity PET tracer, [C-11]UCB-A, for the in vivo study of SV2A expression in humans. Radiochemistry and preclinical studies in rats and pigs including development of a tracer kinetic model to determine V-T. A method for the measurement of percent intact tracer in plasma was developed and the radiation dosimetry was determined in rats. Results: 3-5 GBq of [C-11]UCB-A could be produced with radiochemical purity exceeding 98% with a specific radioactivity of around 65 GBq/mu mol. In vitro binding showed high selective binding towards SV2A. [C-11]UCB-A displayed a dose-dependent and reversible binding to SV2A as measured with PET in rats and pigs and the V-T could be determined by Logan analysis. The dosimetry was favorable and low enough to allow multiple administrations of [C-11]UCB-A to healthy volunteers, and the metabolite analysis showed no sign of labeled metabolites in brain. Conclusions: We have developed the novel PET tracer, [C-11]UCB-A, that can be used to measure SV2A expression in vivo. The dosimetry allows up to 5 administrations of 400 MBq of [C-11]UCB-A in humans. Apart from measuring drug occupancy, as we have shown, the tracer can potentially be used to compare SV2A expression between individuals because of the rather narrow range of baseline V-T values. This will have to be further validated in human studies.
|
|
| 56. |
- Fahlström, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Correlation between regional cerebral blood flow based on simultaneously acquired arterial spin labelling MRI and 15O-water-PET using zero-echo-time-based attenuation correction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667. ; 58:S1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI promises clinical value in several common neurological disorders. Its quantitative accuracy and reproducibility, however, need to be further validated, ideally using simultaneously acquired measurements with 15O-water-PET on an integrated PET-MR scanner. However, so far, few studies have attempted this and the inclusion of bone in MR-based attenuation correction for PET has thus far been a challenge, compromising the quantitative accuracy of PET-MR based 15O-water PET data. The aim of the present work was to assess the correlation of ASL- and 15O-water-PET based regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) values based on simultaneously acquired data, using zero-echo-time (ZTE)-based attenuation correction, as well as to assess the reproducibility of ASL-based rCBF.Methods: Six subjects underwent 10 min PET scans after automated bolus injection of 400 MBq 15O-water (1 mL/s during 5 s followed by 35 mL saline at 2 mL/s) on a time-of-flight integrated PET-MR scanner (Signa PET-MR, GE Healthcare). Arterial blood radioactivity concentrations were monitored using continuous sampling from the radial artery (Swisstrace Twilite Two). Simultaneously, a 3D FSE pseudo-continuous ASL (3D pCASL) with a spiral read-out as supplied by the scanner manufacturer in the commercial software were acquired using an 8 channel head coil (Invivo Hi-Res Head Coil). In addition, 3D T1-w, ZTE and Dixon fat-water MRI were acquired. The ASL procedure was repeated after 2 h (patients remained in the scanner). Quantifiable ASL-based CBF maps were generated. PET images were reconstructed into 26 frames of increasing durations using time-of-flight OSEM (2 iterations, 28 subsets) and a 5 mm post-filter, with ZTE-based attenuation correction. Blood sampler data were corrected for delay and dispersion and 15O-water-based CBF maps were calculated using a basis function implementation of the single tissue compartment model including a fitted blood volume parameter. CBF maps were co-registered to each patient's T1-w image. 3D T1-w images were segmented and normalised to MNI space using SPM12, and anterior, middle and posterior flow territory volumes of interest (VOIs) were created from a standard template in MNI space and inversely transformed for each patient. In addition, a 45-VOI probabilistic template was applied using PVElab software. Correlations between PET- and ASL-based rCBF values were assessed using regression analysis, and reproducibility of ASL using a paired t-test.Results: Mean (CI) total brain grey matter CBF values were 67.2 (48.0-86.5) mL/min/100 g for 15O-water-PET and 65.5 (55.7-75.5) mL/min/100 g for ASL. Although correlation and agreement between 15O-water and ASL-based rCBF for individual VOIs in the 45-VOI template were generally poor, significant correlations were found on a grey matter flow territory basis, with R2 ranging from 0.70 in the anterior flow territory to 0.86 in the middle flow territory. rCBF values were significantly reduced between second and first ASL for all flow territories (p<0.01), with a mean decrease of 10%.Conclusion: A good correlation between regional flow territory CBF values based on ASL and 15O-water-PET was found, using ZTE-based attenuation correction for PET data which takes bone tissue into account. ASL values for regional flow territories may have potential applications in patients with dementia or cerebrovascular diseases affecting blood flow such as moya moya. The decrease of ASL-based rCBF values in the reproducibility study needs to be investigated further to assess whether this is a methodological issue or reflects a true decrease in rCBF. Research Support: Uppsala County Council
|
|
| 57. |
- Fahlström, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Arterial Spin Labeling MRI : Comparison with 15O-Water PET on an Integrated PET/MR Scanner
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Diagnostics (Basel). - : MDPI. - 2075-4418. ; 11:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements are of high clinical value and can be acquired non-invasively with no radiation exposure using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL). The aim of this study was to evaluate accordance in resting state CBF between ASL (CBFASL) and 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET) (CBFPET) acquired simultaneously on an integrated 3T PET/MR system. The data comprised ASL and dynamic 15O-water PET data with arterial blood sampling of eighteen subjects (eight patients with focal epilepsy and ten healthy controls, age 21 to 61 years). 15O-water PET parametric CBF images were generated using a basis function implementation of the single tissue compartment model. Cortical and subcortical regions were automatically segmented using Freesurfer. Average CBFASL and CBFPET in grey matter were 60 ± 20 and 75 ± 22 mL/100 g/min respectively, with a relatively high correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement (bias = −15 mL/100 g/min, lower and upper limits of agreements = −16 and 45 mL/100 g/min, respectively) with a negative relationship. Accounting for the negative relationship, the width of the limits of agreement could be narrowed from 61 mL/100 g/min to 35 mL/100 g/min using regression-based limits of agreements. Although a high correlation between CBFASL and CBFPET was found, the agreement in absolute CBF values was not sufficient for ASL to be used interchangeably with 15O-water PET.
|
|
| 58. |
- Fahlström, Markus
(författare)
-
On potentials and limitations of perfusion MRI in neurological disorders
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cerebral perfusion outlines several parameters which describe the status of cerebral haemodynamics. Numerous neurological diseases affect cerebral perfusion, thus the importance of diagnostic measurements. Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a collection of non-ionizing magnetic resonance-based perfusion measurement techniques that can be used for clinical assessment of cerebral perfusion. The aim of this thesis was to investigate potentials and limitations of perfusion MRI used for clinical assessment of patients with neurological disorders. Patients with glioblastoma were examined with dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) before/after treatment with fractionated radiotherapy (FRT). Radiation-induced changes in normal-appearing brain tissue were found in the form of decreased cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with DSC-MRI and increased vascular permeability and increased fraction of the extravascular extracellular space measured with DCE-MRI. Papers I–II provide valuable information regarding the possibility that radiation-induced changes could be a confounder in DSC-MRI and that DCE-MRI could potentially act as a biomarker for vascular damage secondary to radiation exposure. Additionally, CBF derived from arterial spin labelling (ASL) was compared to the reference standard 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET). Simultaneous measurements were acquired with an integrated PET/MR scanner using arterial blood sampling and zero-echo time-based attenuation correction in healthy subjects and patients with epilepsy. Correlation- and Bland–Altman analysis showed fair correlation and a negative relationship with wide limits of agreement in several cortical and subcortical regions. Thus, agreement with 15O-water is insufficient for absolute quantification with ASL, but ASL provides reliable relative measures that could potentially be rescaled to absolute values. Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by progressive stenosis/occlusion in large brain arteries. A limitation of ASL is the sensitivity to prolonged arterial transit times, which is common in the collateral vessels of the brain in patients with MMD. Given the non-invasiveness and non-ionizing exposure, ASL has a pronounced potential for use in diagnostic imaging in patients with MMD. ASL was performed before and after administration of acetazolamide; CBF and cerebrovascular reserve capacity were derived for large vascular regions. Artefacts originating from prolonged arterial transit times were found to have negligible effects on CBF and cerebrovascular reserve capacity derived from ASL. This thesis adds to the understanding of potential and limitations of perfusion MRI in neurological diseases.
|
|
| 59. |
|
|
| 60. |
- Finnsson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
-
Glucose metabolism in the brain in LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 139:2, s. 135-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy is caused by an overexpression of the protein lamin B1, usually due to a duplication of the LMNB1 gene. Symptoms start in 5th to 6th decade. This slowly progressive disease terminates with death. We studied brain glucose metabolism in this disease using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET).METHODS: We examined 8 patients, aged 48-64 years, in varying stages of clinical symptomatology. Two patients were investigated with quantitative PET on clinical indications after which six more patients were recruited. Absolute glucose metabolism was analyzed with the PVElab software in 6 patients and 18 healthy controls. A semiquantitative analysis using the CortexID software was performed in seven investigations, relating local metabolism levels to global glucose metabolism.RESULTS: The clinical quantitative PET revealed low global glucose metabolism, with the most marked reduction in the cerebellum. In the PVElab analysis, patients presented low mean glucose metabolism in the cerebellum, brainstem and global grey matter. In the semiquantitative analysis, 2 patients showed a decreased metabolism in the cerebellum and 4 patients a relatively higher metabolism in parts of the temporal lobes. Since none of the patients showed an increased metabolism in the quantitative analysis, we interpret these increases as "pseudo-increases" related to a globally reduced metabolism.CONCLUSIONS: Global reduction of grey matter glucose metabolism in this white matter disease most likely depends on a combination of cortical afferent dysfunction and, in later stages, neuronal loss. The lowest metabolism in the cerebellum is consistent with histopathological findings and prominent cerebellar symptoms.
|
|
