| 11. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of HLA DQ2, dietary exposure and coeliac disease on the development of antibody response to gliadin in children
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 41:8, s. 919-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of HLA DQ2, dietary history and development of coeliac disease (CD) on the induction of antibody response to wheat gliadin and cow's milk, beta-lactoglobulin between 1 and 2.5 years of age in children who developed CD and in healthy children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Infants participating in a birth cohort study (the ABIS study) in Sweden were studied. Thirty-nine children developed CD (=cases), confirmed through biopsy, during follow-up until 2.5-5 years of age. A total of 181 healthy control children were matched for duration of exclusive breast-feeding, birth-weight, gender, maternal smoking and season of birth. IgG and IgA antigliadin and anti-beta-lactoglobulin antibodies were measured using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The effects of HLA-risk genotypes, DQ2 and DQ8, on CD were also considered. RESULTS: Children who developed CD had higher IgG and IgA antigliadin and anti-beta-lactoglobulin antibody levels at 1 year of age than controls (all comparisons: p<0.001). Similar differences were seen between cases with as yet undiagnosed CD by 1 year of age and controls, and also when cases were compared with HLA-matched controls. Higher levels of IgG and IgA antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin (p=0.003; p=0.001), but not to gliadin, were found in treated cases versus controls at 2.5 years of age. HLA-DQ2-positive healthy children had lower levels of IgG and IgA antigliadin antibodies than HLA-DQ2 negative controls at 1 year of age (p=0.004; p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced humoral response emerging not only to gliadin, but also to other food antigens seems to be primarily associated with CD. Poor induction of antibody response to wheat gliadin in healthy children with the HLA-DQ2 risk molecule could at least partly explain the genetic predisposition to gluten intolerance and CD.
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| 12. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
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Milk consumption during pregnancy and infant birth weight
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective To examine birth weight and risk of low birth weight (≤2 499g, LBW) in relation to milk intake.Design Questionnaire-based study.Setting Southeast SwedenPopulation Single birth infants within the ABIS project included during a two-year period (ABIS = All Babies In Southeast Sweden).Main outcome measures Birth weight and LBW.Results Low milk intake during pregnancy was associated with a decrease in infant birth weight (P<0,01l, Kruskal-Wallis) but did not correlate with LBW (P=0.434, Chi-2) (10 489 infants with complete data)When adjusting for confounders (regression analyses) low milk intake during pregnancy was associated with a decrease in infant birth weight (adjusted P for trend<0,001) and with an increased risk of LBW (adjusted P for trend= 0.028) (9 097 infants with complete data).Conclusion This study suggests that low milk intake in the pregnant mother is associated with lower birth weight of the newborn. Further research is needed to evaluate the relationship between low milk intake and the risk of LBW.
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| 13. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Milk consumption during pregnancy and infant birthweight
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 93:11, s. 1474-1478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine the risk of low birthweight (>2500 g, LBW), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and preterm birth (gestational age >37wk) in relation to milk intake.Methods: Observational study in southeast Sweden. Questionnaires were used to collect data on milk consumption during pregnancy and infant birthweight from mother-infant pairs during a 2-y period as part of the ABIS (All Babies in Southeast Sweden) study. Data on IUGR were obtained through the Swedish medical birth registry.Results: Adjusting for confounders, low milk intake during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of IUGR (p= 0.019; n= 12880). LBW (p= 0.191) and preterm birth (p= 0.921) were not associated with milk intake during pregnancy.Conclusion: This study indicates that low milk intake in the pregnant mother may be associated with IUGR of the newborn. We cannot exclude the possibility that the correlation found between milk consumption and intrauterine growth may be due to undetected confounders. Hence, further research is needed to evaluate the relationship between low milk intake, birthweight and risk of IUGR.
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| 14. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of pancreatitis in 14,000 individuals with celiac disease
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 5:11, s. 1347-1353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the risk of pancreatitis in patients with celiac disease (CD) from a general population cohort. Methods: By using Swedish national registers, we identified 14,239 individuals with a diagnosis of CD (1964–2003) and 69,381 reference individuals matched for age, sex, calendar year, and county of residence at the time of diagnosis. Cox regression estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) for a subsequent diagnosis of pancreatitis. We restricted analyses to individuals with more than 1 year of follow-up and no diagnosis of pancreatitis before or within 1 year after study entry. Conditional logistic regression estimated the association of pancreatitis with subsequent CD. Results: CD was associated with an increased risk of subsequent pancreatitis of any type (HR, 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–4.4; P < .001; on the basis of 95 positive events in individuals with CD vs 163 positive events in reference individuals) and chronic pancreatitis (HR, 19.8; 95% CI, 9.2–42.8; P < .001; on the basis of 37 and 13 positive events, respectively). Adjustment for socioeconomic index, diabetes mellitus, alcohol-related disorders, or gallstone disease had no notable effect on the risk estimates. The risk increase for pancreatitis was only found among individuals with CD diagnosed in adulthood. Pancreatitis of any type (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.5–4.3; P < .001) and chronic pancreatitis (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% CI, 4.0–13.5; P < .001) were associated with subsequent CD. Conclusions: This study suggests that individuals with CD are at increased risk of pancreatitis.
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| 15. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue Transglutaminase Auto-antibodies in Cord Blood from Children to Become Celiacs
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 36:12, s. 1279-1283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Determination of tissue transglutaminase auto-antibodies (tTGAA) has been shown to be a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for large-scale screening for celiac disease. The purpose of this study was to measure tissue tTGAA in cord blood in infants that later developed celiac disease to evaluate if this assay could serve as a predictive tool for later development of celiac disease.Methods: IgG tTGAA were analyzed in cord blood through immunoprecipitation from 51 future celiac patients and 102 age-matched controls. Cut-off level was set at 0.040.Results: No difference in tTGAA levels was found between cord blood from infants who later developed celiac disease and controls ( P = 0.746). 2/51 future celiac patients (3.9%) had levels above cut-off-value in cord blood, while 3/102 controls were positive (2.9%) ( P = 1.000). tTGAA levels were higher in the 1980s and at the beginning of the 1990s than they have been in recent years ( P = 0.003).Conclusions: Determination of tissue tTGAA in cord blood does not predict future celiac disease in children. tTGAA levels vary with time, which should be considered in retrospective studies analyzing tTGAA.
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| 16. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
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Tissue Transglutaminase autoantibodies in cord-blood from children of healthy mothers
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background/aims: Detemlination of tissue. transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGAA) is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for large-scale screening for coeliac disease. Early diagnosis and treatment of coeliac disease eliminate gastrointestinal symptoms ru1d reduce the risk of secondmy complications. The purpose of this study was to correlate maternal and infant background factors and their association with tTGAA levels in cord-blood of the ABIS child cohort (ABIS= All Babies In Southeast Sweden).Methods: 2518 cord-blood samples were screened using immunoprecipitation for autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase, GAD 65 (Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase) and IA-2 (Tyrosin phosphatase). Data on background factors were obtained from the mothers (questionnaire). Multiple comparisons in our analyses were handled by means of a modified Bonferroni adjustment; thus, P values ≤ 0.0019 (0.05/26) were considered to indicate statistical significance.Results: 10/2518 (0.40%) were positive for tTGAA (>0.040 Arbitrary Units (AU)). No cord-blood specimen from known coeliac mothers were positive for tTGAA. Neither absolute tTGAA nor positive tTGAA levels (>0.040AU) correlated with the independent variables in our model Seasonal variation in tTGAA levels (P=0.018) did not reach significance when adjusting for multiple comparisons.Conclusions: TTGAA levels do not seem to be influenced by the environmental or physical factors in our study, but the issue of seasonal variations in tTGAA levels should be further explored.
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| 17. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory bowel disease in mother or father and neonatal outcome
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 91:2, s. 145-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even a minor decrease in birthweight predisposes to adult disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the mother is a risk factor for low birthweight and preterm infants. This study investigated the effect of IBD in the mother or father, adjusting for confounders, on the newborn infant, with the focus on birthweight and pregnancy duration. A total of 10 399 single-birth mother-infant pairs was prospectively enrolled within the ABIS project (All Babies In Southeast Sweden). Outcome measures included birth week, preterm birth (<37 wk), birthweight, low birthweight (<2500 g), birth length, caesarean section and neonatal hospital care. Ulcerative colitis (UC) in the mother was associated with lower birthweight in the infant (adjusted difference:—330 g, adjusted 95% confidence interval:—509 to—150 g, p < 0.001), and with even lower birthweight when the mother was treated with Mesalazine or steroids. No decrease in birthweight was seen in infants whose mother suffered from Crohn's disease (CD) (adjusted difference:—65 g, adjusted 95% confidence interval:—354 to 224 g, p > 0.05). Maternal UC or CD did not affect the pregnancy duration. The neonatal outcome of infants whose father suffered from UC and CD did not differ from the control group.Conclusion: UC in the mother affects the birthweight of the infant, which may predispose to future disease in the infant. Most women and men with UC and CD can, however, expect a healthy child with neither preterm birth nor low birthweight.
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| 18. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental smoking and risk of coeliac disease in offspring
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 40:3, s. 336-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. In adults, smoking seems to give protection against coeliac disease (CD). But, only one study has thus far investigated the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of CD in offspring. However, that study did not adjust for duration of exclusive breastfeeding, or look at passive smoking after birth. Material and methods. The current study was part of a prospective cohort study of infants born between 1 October 1997 and 1 October 1999 (the ABIS study, All Babies in Southeast Sweden). Data on smoking and exclusive breastfeeding were obtained through questionnaires distributed at infant birth and at 1 year of age. Coeliac disease was confirmed through small-bowel biopsy. Subgroup analyses were carried out according to maternal body mass index. Results. Nine out of 53 (17%) children with CD as opposed to 1699 out of 15,344 (11.1%) non-coeliac children had mothers who had smoked during pregnancy (p = 0.172). Mothers who had smoked during pregnancy were hence not at increased risk of having a child with CD (OR = 1.64, 95% CI OR = 0.80-3.37). Adjusting for duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the sex of infants in some 9585 children with data on exclusive breastfeeding lowered the OR for CD in mothers who smoked (adjusted OR (AOR) = 0.89, 95% CI AOR = 0.27-2.93, p = 0.843). Parents who smoked during the child's first year of life were not at increased risk of having an offspring with CD (OR = 1.94, 95% CI AOR = 0.69-5.47, p = 0. 203). Conclusions. No association was found between CD and parental smoking habits during pregnancy or during the child's first year of life. However, further studies with larger numbers of coeliac children are needed.
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| 19. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for prediabetes in the general child population: maternal attitude to participation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X. ; 2:4, s. 170-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screening to predict serious diseases in the general population has been regarded as unethical as it is supposed to make people anxious. Therefore we have evaluated whether mothers become anxious when their babies participate in a project to predict diabetes in the general child population. Out of 21 700 newborn children, 16 300 (75%) entered the ABIS project (All Babies in South-east Sweden). The parents (usually the mothers) answered a questionnaire at the child's birth and then again after 1 yr. A total of 10 868 representative birth questionnaires had been analyzed. To the question, 'How do you feel when you know that your child is participating in this study?', only 2.5% of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes in the family answered 'more anxious/much more anxious', and even fewer (1.5%) of the mothers in the general population (p < 0.01). A total of 52.5% of the general population answered 'calmer/more reassured' (29.3% 'calmer' and 23.2% 'much calmer'), while 43.3% felt unaffected. Those 1.5% of mothers who reported becoming more anxious were more likely to be in an unstable social situation (unemployed, p < 0.001; born abroad, p < 0.001; low education, p < 0.001). At the 1-yr follow-up, 4948 unselected questionnaires had been analyzed. Only 1.2% of the mothers felt 'more anxious', while the overwhelming majority felt either unaffected (58.7%) or calmer (38.6%). At this follow-up, most of those who had felt 'more anxious' at birth did not feel that way any longer, and none of those with diabetes in the family. We conclude that large-scale screening studies for the prediction of diabetes in the general population can be performed without causing increased anxiety. A few parents, most often found in the group with known social problems, might need extra information and support.
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| 20. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-economic determinants, maternal smoking and coffee consumption, and exclusive breastfeeding in 10 205 children
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 94:9, s. 1310-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine socio-economic factors, smoking, coffee consumption and exclusive breastfeeding duration. Methods: This study was part of a prospective cohort study of children born between 1 October 1997 and 1 October 1999 (the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study). Eleven socio-economic characteristics (parental employment, civil status, whether parents were born in Sweden, parental education, residence at birth and during child's first year, crowded living), maternal smoking, coffee consumption, infant sex, siblings, parental age, and maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy were analysed using logistic regression and Cox's proportional hazards method. All data were obtained through questionnaires distributed at infant birth and at 1 y of age. Exclusive breastfeeding duration <4 mo and actual breastfeeding duration were our main outcome measures. Results: Out of 10205 infants, 2206 (21.6%) were exclusively breastfed for less than 4 mo ("short exclusive breastfeeding", SEBF). Backward stepwise regression analysis identified the following risk factors for SEBF: maternal smoking (95% confidence interval for adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI AOR 2.00-2.82), low maternal education (95% CI AOR 1.45-2.19), maternal employment less than 3 mo during pregnancy (95% CI AOR 1.17-1.54), paternal age ≤29 y (95% CI AOR 1.14-1.47), maternal age ≤29 y (95% CI AOR 1.08-1.39) and low paternal education (95% CI AOR 1.08-1.48). The odds ratio for SEBF increased with the number of cigarettes smoked. Coffee consumption was not associated with duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: This study indicates that socio-economic factors and smoking may be of importance to the risk of breastfeeding exclusively for less than 4 mo, while coffee consumption is not. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.
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