| 31. |
- Welander, Adina, et al.
(författare)
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Infectious Disease and Risk of Later Celiac Disease in Childhood
- 2010
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Ingår i: PEDIATRICS. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 125:3, s. E530-E536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine whether parent-reported infection at the time of gluten introduction increases the risk of future celiac disease (CD). METHODS: Through the population-based All Infants in Southeast Sweden study, parents recorded data on feeding and infectious disease prospectively. Complete data on gluten introduction and breastfeeding duration were available for 9408 children. Those children had 42 826 parent-reported episodes of infectious disease in the first year of life (including 4003 episodes of gastroenteritis). We identified 44 children with biopsy-verified CD diagnosed after 1 year of age, and we used Cox regression to estimate the risk of future CD for children with infection at gluten introduction. RESULTS: Eighteen children with CD (40.9%) had an infection at the time of gluten introduction, compared with 2510 reference individuals (26.8%; P = .035). Few children had gastroenteritis at the time of gluten introduction (1 child with CD [2.3%] vs 166 reference individuals [1.8%]; P = .546). With adjustment for age at gluten introduction and breastfeeding duration, we found no association between a future diagnosis of CD and either any infection (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.8 [95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.6]) or gastroenteritis (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.6 [95% confidence interval: 0.2-30.8]) at the time of gluten introduction. We found no associations between breastfeeding duration, age at gluten introduction, and future CD. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that parent-reported infection at the time of gluten introduction is not a major risk factor for CD.
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| 32. |
- Welander, Adina, et al.
(författare)
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Infectious Disease at Gluten Introduction and Risk of Childhood Diabetes Mellitus
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 165:2, s. 326-U160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the risk of future diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) in children who suffered from infection at time of gluten introduction.Study design: Population-based prospective study. Parents filled out a diary at home. We hereby obtained data on date of gluten introduction, breastfeeding duration, and infections in 9414 children born in the southeast of Sweden from October 1, 1997, through October 1, 1999 (the All Babies in Southeast Sweden cohort). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the risk of future T1D until February 1, 2012, among children with infection at time of gluten introduction.Results: Forty-six children (0.5%) developed T1D and were compared with 9368 reference children from the general population. Some 10 of 46 children with later T1D had an infection at time of gluten introduction (22%) compared with 2520 reference children (27%, P = .43). Later T1D was not associated with age at end of breastfeeding, age at any infection, or age at gluten introduction. Breastfeeding at time of gluten introduction was not protective against future T1D (hazard ratio 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5-2.7). In our final model, when we adjusted for age at gluten introduction, age at infection, and breastfeeding duration, infection at time of gluten introduction did not influence the risk of future T1D (hazard ratio 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3-1.6).Conclusion: Infection at time of gluten introduction is not a major risk factor for future T1D in nonselected children.
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| 33. |
- Ahmadi, Shilan Seyed, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for nephropathy in persons with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 59, s. 761-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Albuminuria is strongly associated with risk of renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, clinical guidelines diverge, and evidence is sparse on what risk factor levels regarding blood pressure, blood lipids and BMI are needed to prevent albuminuria in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods A total of 9347 children and adults with type 1 diabetes [mean age 15.3 years and mean diabetes duration 1.4 years at start of follow-up] from The Swedish National Diabetes Registry were followed from first registration until end of 2017. Levels for risk factors for a risk increase in nephropathy were evaluated, and the gradient of risk per 1 SD (standard deviation) was estimated to compare the impact of each risk factor. Results During the follow-up period, 8610 (92.1%) remained normoalbuminuric, 737 (7.9%) individuals developed micro- or macroalbuminuria at any time period of whom 132 (17.9% of 737) individuals developed macroalbuminuria. Blood pressure >= 140/80 mmHg was associated with increased risk of albuminuria (p <= 0.0001), as were triglycerides >= 1.0 mmol/L (p = 0.039), total cholesterol >= 5.0 mmol/L (p = 0.0003), HDL < 1.0 mmol/L (p = 0.013), LDL 3.5- < 4.0 mmol/L (p = 0.020), and BMI >= 30 kg/m(2) (p = 0.033). HbA1c was the strongest risk factor for any albuminuria estimated by the measure gradient of risk per 1 SD, followed by diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol and LDL. In patients with HbA1c > 65 mmol/mol (> 8.1%), blood pressure > 140/70 mmHg was associated with increased risk of albuminuria. Conclusions Preventing renal complications in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes need avoidance at relatively high levels of blood pressure, blood lipids and BMI, whereas very tight control is not associated with further risk reduction. For patients with long-term poor glycaemic control, stricter blood pressure control is advocated.
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| 34. |
- Ahrens, Angelica P., et al.
(författare)
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Infant microbes and metabolites point to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Cell Press. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 187:8, s. 1853-1873.e15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has followed a birth cohort for over 20 years to find factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) diagnosis. Detailed, early-life longitudinal questionnaires captured infection and antibiotic events, stress, prenatal factors, family history, and more. Biomarkers including cord serum metabolome and lipidome, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, infant microbiota, and stool metabolome were assessed. Among the 16,440 Swedish children followed across time, 1,197 developed an ND. Significant associations emerged for future ND diagnosis in general and for specific ND subtypes, spanning intellectual disability, speech disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism. This investigation revealed microbiome connections to future diagnosis as well as early emerging mood and gastrointestinal problems. The findings suggest links to immunodysregulation and metabolism, compounded by stress, early-life infection, and antibiotics. The convergence of infant biomarkers and risk factors in this prospective, longitudinal study on a large-scale population establishes a foundation for early-life prediction and intervention in neurodevelopment.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:2, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Andersson C, Vaziri-Sani F, Delli AJ, Lindblad B, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Samuelsson U, Ivarsson SA, Lernmark A, Elding Larsson H, the BDD Study group. Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 2013: 14: 97-105. Objective To establish the diagnostic sensitivity of and the relationships between autoantibodies to all three Zinc transporter 8 (Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one, two, or all three amino acid variants at position 325, ZnT8A) variants to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and to autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A), and insulin (IAA). Methods We analyzed 3165 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study for HLA-DQ genotypes and all six autoantibodies (ZnT8RA, arginine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8WA, tryptophan 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8QA, glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; GADA, IA-2A, and IAA). Results ZnT8A was found in 65% of the patients and as many as 108 of 3165 (3.4%) had 13 ZnT8A alone. None had ZnT8QA alone. Together with GADA (56%), IA-2A (73%), and IAA (33%), 93% of the T1D patients were autoantibody positive. All three ZnT8A were less frequent in children below 2 yr of age (pandlt;0.0001). All three ZnT8A were associated with DQA1-B1*X-0604 (DQ6.4) and DQA1-B1*03-0302 (DQ8). ZnT8WA and ZnT8QA were negatively associated with DQA1-B1*05-02 (DQ2). Conclusions Analysis of ZnT8A increased the diagnostic sensitivity of islet autoantibodies for T1D as only 7% remained islet autoantibody negative. The association between DQ6.4 and all three ZnT8A may be related to ZnT8 antigen presentation by the DQ6.4 heterodimer.
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| 38. |
- Andersson White, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Household income and maternal education in early childhood and risk of overweight and obesity in late childhood : Findings from seven birth cohort studies in six high-income countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Nature. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 46, s. 1703-1711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives This study analysed the relationship between early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) measured by maternal education and household income and the subsequent development of childhood overweight and obesity. Subjects/methods Data from seven population-representative prospective child cohorts in six high-income countries: United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, Canada (one national cohort and one from the province of Quebec), USA, Sweden. Children were included at birth or within the first 2 years of life. Pooled estimates relate to a total of N = 26,565 included children. Overweight and obesity were defined using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs and measured in late childhood (8-11 years). Risk ratios (RRs) and pooled risk estimates were adjusted for potential confounders (maternal age, ethnicity, child sex). Slope Indexes of Inequality (SII) were estimated to quantify absolute inequality for maternal education and household income. Results Prevalence ranged from 15.0% overweight and 2.4% obese in the Swedish cohort to 37.6% overweight and 15.8% obese in the US cohort. Overall, across cohorts, social gradients were observed for risk of obesity for both low maternal education (pooled RR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.07, 4.31) and low household income (pooled RR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.68, 4.30); between-cohort heterogeneity ranged from negligible to moderate (p: 0.300 to < 0.001). The association between RRs of obesity by income was lowest in Sweden than in other cohorts. Conclusions There was a social gradient by maternal education on the risk of childhood obesity in all included cohorts. The SES associations measured by income were more heterogeneous and differed between Sweden versus the other national cohorts; these findings may be attributable to policy differences, including preschool policies, maternity leave, a ban on advertising to children, and universal free school meals.
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| 39. |
- Andersson White, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in cardiovascular risks among Swedish adolescents (ABIS): a prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2044-6055. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate if socioeconomic status (SES) is predictive of cardiovascular risk factors among Swedish adolescents. Identify the most important SES variable for the development of each cardiovascular risk factor. Investigate at what age SES inequality in overweight and obesity occurs. Design Longitudinal follow-up of a prospective birth cohort. Setting All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study includes data from children born between October 1997 and October 1999 in five counties of south east Sweden. Participants A regional ABIS-study subsample from three major cities of the region n=298 adolescents aged 16-18 years, and prospective data from the whole ABIS cohort for overweight and obesity status at the ages 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (n=2998-7925). Outcome measures Blood pressure above the hypertension limit, overweight/obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force definition, low high-density lipoproteins (HDL) or borderline-high low-density lipoproteins according to National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel on cholesterol levels in children. Results For three out of four cardiovascular risk outcomes (elevated blood pressure, low HDL and overweight/obesity), there were increased risk in one or more of the low SES groups (p<0.05). The best predictor was parental occupational class (Swedish socioeconomic classification index) for elevated blood pressure (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.623), maternal educational level for overweight (area under the ROC curve 0.641) and blue-collar city of residence for low HDL (area under the ROC curve 0.641). SES-related differences in overweight/obesity were found at age 2, 5 and 12 and for obesity at age 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (all p<0.05). Conclusions Even in a welfare state like Sweden, SES inequalities in cardiovascular risks are evident already in childhood and adolescence. Intervention programmes to reduce cardiovascular risk based on social inequality should start early in life.
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| 40. |
- Andersson White, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Low maternal education increases the risk of Type 1 Diabetes, but not other autoimmune diseases: a mediating role of childhood BMI and exposure to serious life events
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper was to investigate if socioeconomic status (SES), measured by maternal education and household income, influenced the risk of developing autoimmune disease (Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac disease, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Crohns disease, Ulcerative colitis, and autoimmune thyroid disease), or age at diagnosis, and to analyse pathways between SES and autoimmune disease. We used data from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study, a population-based prospective birth cohort, which included children born 1997-1999. Diagnoses of autoimmune disease was collected from the Swedish National Patient Register Dec 2020. In 16,365 individuals, low maternal education, but not household income, was associated with increased risk of Type 1 Diabetes; middle education RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06, 2.23; P 0.02, low education RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.04, 3.18; P 0.04. Maternal education and household income was not associated with any other autoimmune disease and did not influence the age at diagnosis. Part of the increased risk of Type 1 Diabetes by lower maternal education was mediated by the indirect pathway of higher BMI and higher risk of Serious Life Events (SLE) at 5 years of age. The risk of developing Type 1 Diabetes associated to low maternal education might be reduced by decreasing BMI and SLE during childhood.
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