| 61. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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S’éloigner ou rester ensemble : La Scandinavie dans la guerre froide
- 2020
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Ingår i: Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains. - : CAIRN. - 0984-2292 .- 2101-0137. ; :279, s. 81-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Les pays scandinaves, le Danemark, la Norvège et la Suède partagent une histoire commune. Ils sont liés entre eux par la géographie et partagent un patrimoine culturel et linguistique commun. Avant de devenir un État indépendant en 1905, la Norvège a ainsi été unie à ses deux pays voisins pendant plus de cinq siècles - d'abord au Danemark et au XIXe siècle à la Suède. Ayant choisi la neutralité avant la guerre, les décideurs de Copenhague, d'Oslo et de Stockholm voyaient pourtant l'avenir différemment. Après l'échec des négociations sur une union de défense scandinave à la fin des années 1940, les pays prirent donc des chemins différents : Le Danemark et la Norvège - qui tous deux avaient été envahis par les nazis - rejoignirent l'OTAN tandis que la Suède revenait à la politique de neutralité. Cet article examine comment les pays nordiques affrontèrent cette division et réussirent souvent à relever ensemble les défis posés par la division Est-Ouest, la décolonisation ou l'émergence d'une gouvernance mondiale.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Small States, Alliances and the Margins for Manoeuvre in the Cold War : Sweden, Norway and the CSCE
- 2019
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Ingår i: Margins for Manoeuvre in Cold War Europe. - : Routledge. - 9781138388376 - 9780429425592
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, I will be studying the similarities and differences in how Sweden and Norway explored the comparatively far-ranging opportunities that the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) offered to smaller states during the 1970s. The CSCE was unique in that it brought together all European states (except Albania), the United States and Canada in a several-year multilateral conference setting where daily negotiations, limited attention from the broader public and the absence of official minutes of meetings created a particular environment that allowed smaller states to play more significant roles. Cold War historians have developed a growing interest in the CSCE over the last decade. As a result, there has been a flow of publications on individual countries, groups of countries and subjects treated at the conference that have all stressed the significance of the CSCE and its Final Act to the international development in the 1970s and 1980s and to the end of the Cold War. But the approach taken here is innovative in at least two ways. Interestingly, there virtually has not been any historical research on Norway in the CSCE. More importantly, small states in the CSCE have usually been studied as part of either alliance or as part of a group of states outside of the blocs, like the group of neutral and non-aligned countries. Comparing the strategies and policies of two countries as similar as Sweden and Norway, which viewed each other as sister countries (brödrafolk) but belonged to different camps in this context, will generate fresh conclusions and hopefully allow for a valuable contribution to the discussion on the opportunities of smaller states within and outside of the Cold War alliances.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Sweden, Europe, and the Cold War : A Reappraisal
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cold War Studies. - 1520-3972 .- 1531-3298. ; 14:2, s. 68-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, Sweden has been portrayed as an active bridge-builder in international politics in the 1960s and 1970s. The country advocated a “third way” toward democratic socialism and greater “justice” in international affairs, but these foreign policy prescriptions were never applied to European affairs. This article examines Sweden's relations with Europe by contrasting European integration with the Cold War. Negotiations on Swedish membership in the European Communities and Swedish policy at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe were influenced by a general Berührungsangst toward Europe, which persisted during the years of détente. Because Swedish decision-makers believed that heavy involvement in European affairs would constrict Sweden's freedom of action, Swedish leaders' moral proclamations were applied exclusively to distant Third World countries rather than the egregious abuses of human rights in the Soviet bloc.
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| 70. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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The Assyrian “Concept of Unity” After Seyfo
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: The Assyrian Genocide. - London : Routledge. - 9781138284050 - 9781315269832 ; , s. 239-253
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article suggests that we look for alternative ways to reflect upon the current Assyrian “identity crisis” and argues that it should be understood as the consequence of an uncompleted social process, namely the failure of Assyrian nationalism to evolve into a mass national movement. It identifies the Assyrian genocide Seyfo during World War I and the restructuring of the Middle East as the foremost reasons for why the Assyrians today suffer from division.
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