| 151. |
- Minata, Mutsuko, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-alpha in Hepatobiliary Injury Induced by Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate in Mouse Liver
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industrial Health. - : National Institute of Industrial Health. - 0019-8366 .- 1880-8026. ; 48:1, s. 96-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) has been suggested to protect against chemically induced hepatobiliary injuries in rodents. This function could mask the potential toxicities of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) that is an emerging environmental contaminant and a weak ligand of PPAR alpha. However its function has not been clarified. In this study, PFOA was found to elicit hepatocyte and bile duct injuries in Ppar alpha-null mice after 4 wk treatment with PFOA ammonium salt (0, 12.5, 25, 50 mu mol/kg/d, gavage). In wild-type mice, PFOA caused major hepatocellular damage dose-dependently and minor cholangiopathy observed only at 25 and 50 mu mol/kg. In treated Ppar alpha-null mice, PFOA produced marked fat accumulation, severe cholangiopathy, hepatocellular damage and apoptotic cells especially in bile ducts. Oxidative stress was also increased 4-fold at 50 mu mol/kg and TNF-alpha mRNA was upregulated more than 3-fold at 25 mu mol/kg in Ppar alpha-null mice. Biliary bile acid/phospholipid ratios were higher in Ppar alpha-null mice than in wild-type mice. Results from these studies suggest that PPAR alpha is protective against PFOA and have a critical role in drug induced hepatobiliary injury.
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| 152. |
- Okamoto, Kenta, et al.
(författare)
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Acquired Functional Capsid Structures in Metazoan Totivirus-like dsRNA Virus
- 2020
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Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-2126 .- 1878-4186. ; 28:8, s. 888-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-enveloped icosahedral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses possess multifunctional capsids required for their proliferation. Whereas protozoan/fungal dsRNA viruses have a relatively simple capsid structure, which suffices for the intracellular phase in their life cycle, metazoan dsRNA viruses have acquired additional structural features as an adaptation for extracellular cell-to-cell transmission in multicellular hosts. Here, we present the first atomic model of a metazoan dsRNA totivirus-like virus and the structure reveals three unique structural traits: a C-terminal interlocking arm, surface projecting loops, and an obstruction at the pore on the 5-fold symmetry axis. These traits are keys to understanding the capsid functions of metazoan dsRNA viruses, such as particle stability and formation, cell entry, and endogenous intraparticle transcription of mRNA. On the basis of molecular dynamics simulations of the obstructed pore, we propose a possible mechanism of intraparticle transcription in totivirus-like viruses, which dynamically switches between open and closed states of the pore(s).
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| 153. |
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| 154. |
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| 155. |
- Yasunaka, S., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of the air-sea CO2 flux in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas: Basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Polar Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-9652. ; 10:3, s. 323-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We produced 204 monthly maps of the air-sea CO2 flux in the Arctic north of 60 degrees N, including the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas, from January 1997 to December 2013 by using a self-organizing map technique. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) in surface water data were obtained by shipboard underway measurements or calculated from alkalinity and total inorganic carbon of surface water samples. Subsequently, we investigated the basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability of the CO2 fluxes. The 17-year annual mean CO2 flux shows that all areas of the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas were net CO2 sinks. The estimated annual CO2 uptake by the Arctic Ocean was 180 TgC yr(-1). The CO2 influx was strongest in winter in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas (>15 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) and the Barents Sea (>12 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) because of strong winds, and strongest in summer in the Chukchi Sea (similar to 10 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) because of the sea-ice retreat In recent years, the CO2 uptake has increased in the Greenland/Norwegian Sea and decreased in the southern Barents Sea, owing to increased and decreased air-sea pCO(2) differences, respectively. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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