| 451. |
- Yonker, Julie E, et al.
(författare)
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Sex Differences in Spatial Visualization and Episodic Memory as a Function of Alcohol Consumption.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 40:3, s. 201-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Sex differences in visuospatial ability as well as episodic memory have been reliably demonstrated, irrespective of alcoholism. Studies in alcoholics have consistently documented cognitive deficits in visuospatial ability, problem solving and memory function. This cross-sectional, population-based study examined if sex differences in cognitive performance could be impacted by alcohol consumption. Methods: Drinking data were collected from 2224 randomly sampled adults, aged between 35 and 85 years, who participated in the Betula study on memory, health and aging. Participants were classified into non-, light, moderate and heavy drinking subgroups based on sex-adjusted normative values. Cognitive tasks demonstrating clear sex differences, such as episodic memory tasks (favouring women) and spatial visualization tasks (favouring men), were conducted and performance was assessed by sex and the" drinking group. Results: After controlling for age and education, overall analyses found expected sex differences in episodic memory and spatial visualization that were apparent across the entire population. When these sex differences were examined by drinking group, visuospatial performance favouring men disappeared for the moderate to heavy drinking groups, but higher performance by women on episodic memory tasks was consistent across all levels of alcohol consumption. Traditional biomarkers of increased alcohol consumption (GOT and MCV) correlated with the reported drinks/day. Conclusions: These results lend support to the theory that moderate alcohol intake may be beneficial to cognitive function in women, but not necessarily in men.
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| 452. |
- Yonker, Julie E, et al.
(författare)
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Verified hormone therapy improves episodic memory performance in healthy postmenopausal women.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition. - Hove : Informa UK Limited. - 1382-5585 .- 1744-4128. ; 13:3-4, s. 291-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of hormone therapy (HT) and cognition have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this observational study was to examine the effect of estradiol, via serum verified HT (estradiol, estriol, progesterone) and endogenous estradiol, on 108 healthy postmenopausal women's cognitive performance. The results demonstrated that the 43 HT-users performed at a significantly higher level than non-users on episodic memory tasks and on a verbal fluency task, whereas HT-users and non-users did not differ on tasks assessing semantic memory and spatial visualization. In addition, there was a positive relationship between serum estradiol level and episodic memory performance, indicating that postmenopausal HT is associated with enhanced episodic memory and verbal fluency, independent of age and education. These observational results suggest that HT use may be sufficient to exert small, yet positive effects on female sensitive cognitive tasks. Hormone therapy compliance and formulation is discussed as confounding factors in previous research.
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| 453. |
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| 454. |
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| 455. |
- Zingmark, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Cost effectiveness of an intervention focused on reducing bathing disability
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9372 .- 1613-9380. ; 14:3, s. 233-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The onset of bathing disability among older people is critical for a decline in functioning and has implications for both the individuals’ quality of life and societal costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate longterm cost effectiveness of an intervention targeting bathing disability among older people. For hypothetical cohorts of community-dwelling older people with bathing disability, transitions between states of dependency and death were modelled over 8 years including societal costs. A five-state Markov model based on states of dependency was used to evaluate Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs from a societal perspective. An intervention group was compared with a no intervention control group. The intervention focused on promoting safe and independent performance of bathing-related tasks. The intervention effect, based on previously published trials, was applied in the model as a 1.4 increased probability of recovery during the first year. Over the full follow-up period, the intervention resulted in QALY gains and reduced societal cost. After 8 years, the intervention resulted in 0.052 QALYs gained and reduced societal costs by €2410 per person. In comparison to the intervention cost, the intervention effect was a more important factor for the magnitude of QALY gains and long-term societal costs. The intervention cost had only minor impact on societal costs. The conclusion was that an intervention targeting bathing disability among older people presents a cost-effective use of resources and leads to both QALY gains and reduced societal costs over 8 years.
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| 456. |
- Ärlemalm, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Recognition failure and integration
- 1994
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 35:3, s. 271-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explored recognition failure of recallable words (poor integration), using confidence ratings given to recall responses. 70 Ss (aged 15-35 yrs) were instructed to learn word pairs in such a way that they would be able to recall the target word when the cue word was presented. Ss were given either instruction about shallow coding (the words had the same letters) or deep coding instruction (words were meaningfully related). Ss then performed confidence ratings of responses of both the recognition and cued recall test. Results indicate that very poor integration produces a deviation above the function, whereas a very good integration produces a deviation below the function. The effect of integration (and cue overlap) is explained by means of a conceptualization cue dependency. Support is also given to the notion that an enhanced variability of goodness of encoding contributes to an enhanced dependence between recall and recognition
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| 457. |
- Ärlemalm, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Recognition failure of recallable words : exception due to poor integration
- 1992
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 33:3, s. 266-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of recognition failure of recallable words shows a remarkable regularity across a wide variety of experimental conditions. A quadratric function, referred to as the Tulving-Wiseman (E. Tulving and S. Wiseman; see record 1978-07206-001) function, summarizes this regularity. A few cases of deviation from this have been identified and classified into 2 categories of exceptions to this function. An experiment with 40 Ss (aged 15-42 yrs) was designed to deal with 1 of these categories, namely the exception that occurs because of poor integration between cue and target information of studied word pairs. An index based on confidence ratings of recall responses was developed to assess variability in integration. Poor integration was demonstrated especially for 1 presentation of low associative word pairs, and significant deviations from the function was obtained for this condition
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| 458. |
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