| 41. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The mining resource cycle and settlement demography in Malå, Northern Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polar Record. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0032-2474 .- 1475-3057. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the demographic impacts of mining in sparsely populated areas has focused primarily on relatively large towns. Less attention has been paid to smaller villages, which may experience different impacts because of their highly concentrated economies and their small populations, making them more vulnerable to demographic “boom and bust” effects. This paper examines demographic change in four small villages in northern Sweden, which are located close to several mining projects but have evolved through different degrees of integration with or separation from mining. Using a longitudinal “resource cycle” perspective, the demographic trajectories of the villages are compared to understand how different types of settlement and engagement with mining have led to different demographic outcomes in the long term. While the four villages experienced similar trajectories in terms of overall population growth and decline, their experiences in relation to more nuanced indicators, including age and gender distributions and population mobilities, were different, and potential reasons for this are discussed. Due to data limitations, however, the long-term demographic consequences of mining for local Sami people remain unclear. The paper problematises this research gap in light of general concerns about mining impacts on traditional Sami livelihoods.
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| 42. |
- Dresse, Menayit Tamrat, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and factors associated with healthcare avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic among the Sámi in Sweden : the SámiHET study
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 82:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this population-based cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of healthcare avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among the Sámi population in Sweden. Data from the “Sámi Health on Equal Terms” (SámiHET) survey conducted in 2021 were used. Overall, 3,658 individuals constituted the analytical sample. Analysis was framed using the social determinants of health framework. The association between healthcare avoidance and several sociodemographic, material, and cultural factors was explored through log-binomial regression analyses. Sampling weights were applied in all analyses. Thirty percent of the Sámi in Sweden avoided healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sámi women (PR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.36–1.70), young adults (PR: 1.22, 95% CI:1.05–1.47), Sámi living outside Sápmi (PR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03–1.34), and those having low income (PR: 1.42, 95% CI:1.19–1.68) and experiencing economic stress (PR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31–1.67) had a higher prevalence of healthcare avoidance. The pattern shown in this study can be useful for planning future pandemic responses, which should address healthcare avoidance, particularly among the identified vulnerable groups, including the active participation of the Sámi themselves.
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| 43. |
- Dudarev, Alexey A, et al.
(författare)
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Food and water security issues in Russia I : Food security in the general population of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 72, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Problems related to food security in Russian Arctic (dietary imbalance, predominance ofcarbohydrates, shortage of milk products, vegetables and fruits, deficit of vitamins and microelements,chemical, infectious and parasitic food contamination) have been defined in the literature. But no standardprotocol of food security assessment has been used in the majority of studies.Objectives. Our aim was to obtain food security indicators, identified within an Arctic collaboration,for selected regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, and to compare food safety in theseterritories.Study design and methods. In 18 regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, the followingindicators of food security were analyzed: food costs, food consumption, and chemical and biological foodcontamination for the period 2000-2011.Results. Food costs in the regions are high, comprising 2343% of household income. Only 4 out of 10 foodgroups (fish products, cereals, sugar, plant oil) are consumed in sufficient amounts. The consumption of milkproducts, eggs, vegetables, potatoes, fruits (and berries) is severely low in a majority of the selected regions.There are high levels of biological contamination of food in many regions. The biological and chemicalcontamination situation is alarming, especially in Chukotka. Only 7 food pollutants are under regularcontrol; among pesticides, only DDT. Evenki AO and Magadan Oblast have reached peak values in foodcontaminants compared with other regions. Mercury in local fish has not been analyzed in the majority of theregions. In 3 regions, no monitoring of DDToccurs. Aflatoxins have not been analyzed in 5 regions. Nitrateshad the highest percentage in excess of the hygienic threshold in all regions. Excesses of other pollutants indifferent regions were episodic and as a rule not high.Conclusion. Improvement of the food supply and food accessibility in the regions of the Russian Arctic,Siberia and the Far East is of utmost importance. Both quantitative and qualitative control of chemical andbiological contaminants in food is insufficient and demands radical enhancement aimed at improving foodsecurity.
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| 44. |
- Dudarev, Alexey, et al.
(författare)
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Food and water security issues in Russia II : Water security in general population of Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East, 2000-2011
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - Järfälla : Co-Action Publishing. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 72, s. 22646-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Poor state of water supply systems, shortage of water purification facilities and disinfection systems, low quality of drinking water generally in Russia and particularly in the regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East have been defined in the literature. However, no standard protocol of water security assessment has been used in the majority of studies.Study design and methods. Uniform water security indicators collected from Russian official statistical sources for the period 2000ￜ2011 were used for comparison for 18 selected regions in the Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East. The following indicators of water security were analyzed: water consumption, chemical and biological contamination of water reservoirs of Categories I and II of water sources (centralized ￜ underground and surface, and non-centralized) and of drinking water.Results. Water consumption in selected regions fluctuated from 125 to 340 L/person/day. Centralized water sources (both underground and surface sources) are highly contaminated by chemicals (up to 40ￜ80%) and biological agents (up to 55% in some regions), mainly due to surface water sources. Underground water sources show relatively low levels of biological contamination, while chemical contamination is high due to additional water contamination during water treatment and transportation in pipelines. Non-centralized water sources are highly contaminated (both chemically and biologically) in 32ￜ90% of samples analyzed. Very high levels of chemical contamination of drinking water (up to 51%) were detected in many regions, mainly in the north-western part of the Russian Arctic. Biological contamination of drinking water was generally much lower (2.5ￜ12%) everywhere except Evenki AO (27%), and general and thermotolerant coliform bacteria predominated in drinking water samples from all regions (up to 17.5 and 12.5%, correspondingly). The presence of other agents was much lower: Coliphages ￜ 0.2ￜ2.7%, Clostridia spores, Giardia cysts, pathogenic bacteria, Rotavirus ￜ up to 0.8%. Of a total of 56 chemical pollutants analyzed in water samples from centralized water supply systems, 32 pollutants were found to be in excess of hygienic limits, with the predominant pollutants being Fe (up to 55%), Cl (up to 57%), Al (up to 43%) and Mn (up to 45%).Conclusion. In 18 selected regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East Category I and II water reservoirs, water sources (centralized ￜ underground, surface; non-centralized) and drinking water are highly contaminated by chemical and biological agents. Full-scale reform of the Russian water industry and water security system is urgently needed, especially in selected regions.
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| 45. |
- Engeset, Dagrun, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary patterns and whole grain cereals in the Scandinavian countries : differences and similarities. The HELGA project
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 18:5, s. 905-915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To identify dietary patterns with whole grains as a main focus to see if there is a similar whole grain pattern in the three Scandinavian countries; Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Another objective is to see if items suggested for a Nordic Food Index will form a typical Nordic pattern when using factor analysis. Setting: The HELGA study population is based on samples of existing cohorts: the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, the Swedish Vasterbotten cohort and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study. The HELGA study aims to generate knowledge about the health effects of whole grain foods. Subjects: The study included a total of 119 913 participants. Design: The associations among food variables from FFQ were investigated by principal component analysis. Only food groups common for all three cohorts were included. High factor loading of a food item shows high correlation of the item to the specific diet pattern. Results: The main whole grain for Denmark and Sweden was rye, while Norway had highest consumption of wheat. Three similar patterns were found: a cereal pattern, a meat pattern and a bread pattern. However, even if the patterns look similar, the food items belonging to the patterns differ between countries. Conclusions: High loadings on breakfast cereals and whole grain oat were common in the cereal patterns for all three countries. Thus, the cereal pattern may be considered a common Scandinavian whole grain pattern. Food items belonging to a Nordic Food Index were distributed between different patterns.
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| 46. |
- Evengård, Birgitta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy ecosystems for human and animal health : Science diplomacy for responsible development in the Arctic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polar Record. - : Cambridges Institutes Press. - 0032-2474 .- 1475-3057. ; 57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming is occurring most rapidly in the Arctic, which is both a sentinel and a driver of further global change. Ecosystems and human societies are already affected by warming. Permafrost thaws and species are on the move, bringing pathogens and vectors to virgin areas. During a five-year project, the CLINF - a Nordic Center of Excellence, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, has worked with the One Health concept, integrating environmental data with human and animal disease data in predictive models and creating maps of dynamic processes affecting the spread of infectious diseases. It is shown that tularemia outbreaks can be predicted even at a regional level with a manageable level of uncertainty. To decrease uncertainty, rapid development of new and harmonised technologies and databases is needed from currently highly heterogeneous data sources. A major source of uncertainty for the future of contaminants and infectious diseases in the Arctic, however, is associated with which paths the majority of the globe chooses to follow in the future. Diplomacy is one of the most powerful tools Arctic nations have to influence these choices of other nations, supported by Arctic science and One Health approaches that recognise the interconnection between people, animals, plants and their shared environment at the local, regional, national and global levels as essential for achieving a sustainable development for both the Arctic and the globe.
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| 47. |
- Evengård, Birgitta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Säker tillgång till mat och vatten prioriterad fråga för Arktis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 110:05, s. CCF7-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Arktis befinner sig i förändring. Dessa förändringar beror på mänskliga aktiviteter i regionen och på den globala klimatförändringen, som märks först och mest i norr till exempel där den sibiriska tundran övergår i gräsbevuxen terräng. Djur och människor som bor i den här delen av världen är redan påverkade av förändringarna och kommer att förbli så under lång tid framöver. Ursprungsbefolkningar runt om i Arktis samlar sig i protester, nu senast i Kanada. De många ursprungsbefolkningarna i Arktis lever ofta nära naturen och är därför mer sårbara än andra, men även samhällen med god infrastruktur påverkas av miljöförändringar. I Sverige märkte vi nyligen detta, när närmare 100 000 personer i Östersund och Skellefteå med omgivningar vintern 2010–2011 fick koka sitt vatten under månader på grund av att en parasit (Cryptosporidium) kom in i vattnet. Olika slags system behöver kontrolleras regelbundet, så att säkra datatolkningar kan ges till beslutsfattare, för att vidta åtgärder i tid för ökad säkerhet.
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| 48. |
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Food security in the High North : contemporary challenges across the circumpolar region
- 2021
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book explores the challenges facing food security, sustainability, sover-eignty, and supply chains in the Arctic, with a specific focus on Indigenous Peoples.Offering multidisciplinary insights with a particular focus on populations in the European High North region, the book highlights the importance of accessible and sustainable traditional foods for the dietary needs of local and Indigenous Peoples. It focuses on foods and natural products that are unique to this region and considers how they play a significant role towards food security and sovereignty. The book captures the tremendous com-plexity facing populations here as they strive to maintain sustainable food systems – both subsistent and commercial – and regain sovereignty over tra-ditional food production policies. A range of issues are explored from food contamination risks, due to increasing human activities in the region, such as mining, to changing livelihoods and gender roles in the maintenance of traditional food security and sovereignty. The book also considers process-ing methods that combine indigenous and traditional knowledge to convert the traditional foods, which are harvested or hunted, into local foods.This book offers a broader understanding of food security and sovereignty, and will be of interest to academics, scholars, and policy makers working in food studies, geography and environmental studies, agricultural studies, so-ciology, anthropology, political science, health studies, and biology.
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| 49. |
-
Food security in the high north : contemporary challenges across the circumpolar region
- 2021
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book explores the challenges facing food security, sustainability, sovereignty, and supply chains in the Arctic, with a specific focus on Indigenous Peoples. Offering multidisciplinary insights and with a particular focus on populations in the European High North region, the book highlights the importance of accessible and sustainable traditional foods for the dietary needs of local and Indigenous Peoples. It focuses on foods and natural products that are unique to this region and considers how they play a significant role towards food security and sovereignty. The book captures the tremendous complexity facing populations here as they strive to maintain sustainable food systems - both subsistent and commercial - and regain sovereignty over traditional food production policies. A range of issues are explored including food contamination risks, due to increasing human activities in the region, such as mining, to changing livelihoods and gender roles in the maintenance of traditional food security and sovereignty. The book also considers processing methods that combine indigenous and traditional knowledge to convert the traditional foods, that are harvested and hunted, into local foods. This book offers a broader understanding of food security and sovereignty and will be of interest to academics, scholars and policy makers working in food studies; geography and environmental studies; agricultural studies; sociology; anthropology; political science; health studies and biology.
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| 50. |
- Hausner, Vera Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of climate change and climate extremes on Arctic livelihoods and communities
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Amap arctic climate update 2021. - Tromsö : Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). - 9788279712015 ; , s. 107-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Key findings:• Climate change is impacting the subsistence harvestbased livelihoods of many small Arctic communities, affecting the quality or supply of traditional food and drinking water, including availability of species to be harvested, and altering transportation access.• Rain-on-snow, extreme snowfall, and variable freezethaw cycles have resulted in severe impacts for reindeer herders. In 2020, multiple snowstorms combined with a late spring thaw resulted in high newborn calf mortality and, together with other social stresses related to Covid-19, created severe crises for reindeer herders in Fennoscandia.• Commercial fisheries are expanding in Arctic shelf ecosystems with warmer oceans and less sea ice. This could benefit local economies and job creation, but may also challenge traditional livelihoods and culture and impact vulnerable Arctic ecosystems. Large uncertainties are associated with the effects of ocean acidification, which could potentially counteract increased commercial fishing opportunities. Commercial fishing is currently prohibited by international agreement in the Central Arctic Ocean.• Warmer water is enabling a northward expansion of salmon farming in the ice-free European Arctic. The aquaculture industry brings employment opportunities and positive ripple effects for local economies, but also has environmental and societal costs that need to be considered in marine spatial planning and regulatory measures.• Arctic cruise tourism is increasing and is attracted to the wildlife associated with the marginal ice zone. Although increased cruise tourism brings the potential for local economic development, adverse local impacts have been reported, including impacts on culture, local hunting and fishing, crowding, and revenue largely benefitting foreign-based individuals and corporations.• Permafrost thaw, flooding, and coastal erosion are causing damage to buildings, roads, and other infrastructure, and pose serious financial and health risks to Arctic residents.• Wildfire occurrence near populated regions in North America and Sweden, and throughout Siberia, in the past five years has resulted in significant economic loss from property damage as well as physical and mental health impacts.• Fishing, cruise tourism, and increased oil and gas operations near the marginal ice zone could increase demand on search and rescue operations and may represent a considerable risk for vulnerable ecosystems. The extent of ice cover is important for determining the fate of an Arctic oil spill and research indicates longer term and more severe ecological impacts from oil spills in the Arctic than in other regions.• Understanding and studying integrated socio-ecological systems, including cumulative and cascading impacts, is important not only in terms of research, but also in terms of risk mitigation, hazard response, climate adaptation,
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