| 2031. |
|
|
| 2032. |
|
|
| 2033. |
- Wang, Meng, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance of multi-city land use regression models for nitrogen dioxide and fine particles
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 122:8, s. 843-849
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Land use regression (LUR) models have been developed mostly to explain intraurban variations in air pollution based on often small local monitoring campaigns. Transferability of LUR models from city to city has been investigated, but little is known about the performance of models based on large numbers of monitoring sites covering a large area.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop European and regional LUR models and to examine their transferability to areas not used for model development.METHODS: We evaluated LUR models for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM; PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance) by combining standardized measurement data from 17 (PM) and 23 (NO2) ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) study areas across 14 European countries for PM and NO2. Models were evaluated with cross-validation (CV) and hold-out validation (HV). We investigated the transferability of the models by successively excluding each study area from model building.RESULTS: The European model explained 56% of the concentration variability across all sites for NO2, 86% for PM2.5, and 70% for PM2.5 absorbance. The HV R2s were only slightly lower than the model R2 (NO2, 54%; PM2.5, 80%; PM2.5 absorbance, 70%). The European NO2, PM2.5, and PM2.5 absorbance models explained a median of 59%, 48%, and 70% of within-area variability in individual areas. The transferred models predicted a modest-to-large fraction of variability in areas that were excluded from model building (median R2: NO2, 59%; PM2.5, 42%; PM2.5 absorbance, 67%).CONCLUSIONS: Using a large data set from 23 European study areas, we were able to develop LUR models for NO2 and PM metrics that predicted measurements made at independent sites and areas reasonably well. This finding is useful for assessing exposure in health studies conducted in areas where no measurements were conducted.
|
|
| 2034. |
|
|
| 2035. |
|
|
| 2036. |
- Waters, DD, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of atorvastatin on stroke in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction : A myocardial ischemia reduction with aggressive cholesterol lowering (MIRACL) substudy
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 106:13, s. 1690-1695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background - This report describes the effect of intensive cholesterol lowering with atorvastatin on the incidence of nonfatal stroke, a secondary end point, in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. The primary end point, a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or recurrent symptomatic myocardial ischemia with objective evidence requiring emergency rehospitalization, was reduced from 17.4% in the placebo group to 14.8% in the atorvastatin group over the 16 weeks of the trial (P=0.048). Methods and Results - Strokes were adjudicated by a blinded end-point committee using standard clinical and imaging criteria. The outcomes of nonfatal stroke and fatal plus nonfatal stroke were analyzed by time to first occurrence during the 16-week trial. Of 38 events (in 36 patients) adjudicated as fatal or nonfatal strokes, 3 were classified as hemorrhagic, one as embolic, and 29 as thrombotic or embolic, 5 could not be categorized. Nonfatal stroke occurred in 9 patients in the atorvastatin group and 22 in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.40, 95% confidence intervals, 0.19 to 0.88, P=0.02). Fatal or nonfatal stroke occurred in 12 atorvastatin patients and 24 placebo patients (relative risk, 0.49, 95% confidence intervals, 0.24 to 0.98, P=0.04). All 3 hemorrhagic strokes occurred in the placebo group. Conclusion - Intensive cholesterol lowering with atorvastatin over 16 weeks in patients with acute coronary syndromes reduced the overall stroke rate by half and did not cause hemorrhagic stroke. These findings need to be confirmed in future trials.
|
|
| 2037. |
|
|
| 2038. |
|
|
| 2039. |
- Wehrli, Patrick M., et al.
(författare)
-
Discovery and development of substituted thiadiazoles as inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-0896. ; 27:19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-throughput screening of small-molecule libraries has led to the identification of thiadiazoles as a new class of inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus sortase A (SrtA). N-(5-((4-nitrobenzyl) thio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)nicotinamide (IC50= 3.8 mu M) was identified as a potent inhibitor of SrtA after synthetic modification of hit compounds. Additional ligands developed in this study displayed affinities in the low micromolar range without affecting bacterial growth in vitro. The study also suggest a new mode of action through covalent binding to the active site cysteine.
|
|
| 2040. |
- Wei, Xin-Feng, et al.
(författare)
-
Ageing properties of a polyoxymethylene copolymer exposed to (bio) diesel and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) in demanding high temperature conditions
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Polymer degradation and stability. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing use of renewable biofuels in the transportation sector has driven attention on the incompatibility issues between biofuels and the polymeric materials used in the vehicle fuel system. Here, the ageing effects on a polyoxymethylene copolymer exposed to four types of fuels; petroleum diesel, biodiesel, a commercial mixture of these, and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) at demanding hightemperature conditions, were investigated and compared with its performance in air. The degree of material degradation during ageing was highest in the presence of the non-polar fuels (HVO/petroleum diesel). The samples aged in different fuels underwent the same increase in crystallinity due to annealing. Surface powdering was observed on the sample aged in the fuel mixture. The negative effects from a combination of plasticization and swelling, induced by the sorbed fuel, oxidation and surface cracks dominated the changes in mechanical properties, leading to reduced stiffness, strength and extensibility. The results indicate that care should be taken when choosing this polymer in contact with, especially, non-polar fuels at severe conditions.
|
|
