| 61. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Additive relationships and parent-offspring regression in Musa germplasm with intergeneration genome size polymorphism
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 136, s. 69-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parent-offspring regression has often been used for the estimation of breeding value and narrow-sense heritability in experimental populations. particularly for diploid species with regular disomic inheritance. With polysomic inheritance, estimates of heritability based on parent-offspring regression are expected to be systematically biased, particularly when intra- and inter-generation ploidy polymorphisms occur as a result of unusual megasporogenesis. Measuring the discrepancy between true and estimated heritability has important theoretical and practical implications for the genetic improvement of plantain and bananas. In this regard, formulas were developed to describe the relationships between parental and filial generations with different ploidy states and this information was used to estimate heritability for several traits of plantains and bananas. This approach may be extended to other polysomic species with similar meiotic behaviour and ploidy polymorphism. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 62. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Advanced analytics phenomics and biotechnology approaches to enhance genetic gains in plant breeding
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Agronomy. - : Elsevier. - 0065-2113 .- 2213-6789. ; 162, s. 89-142
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agriculture production is a major driver of destabilization of the earth's planetary boundaries within which humanity can safely operate. Producing enough food that is safe and nutritious is the biggest challenge in 21st century agriculture. Yield gains through genetic enhancement have either slowed down or not rising to the level needed to meet the ever-growing demand for nutritious food. A continuous supply of high-quality crop germplasm is the key to developing climate-resilient, resource-use efficient, nutritious and productive cultivars. Global efforts are underway to develop pre-breeding populations, by exploiting exotic germplasm including wild and weedy relatives with required characteristics to support breeding programs. Comprehensive profiling of germplasm/breeding lines (relative to uncharacterized lines) and adopting a strategy based on physiological characterization of parental lines have the potential to facilitate the accumulation of favorable alleles to enhance genetic gain in plant breeding. Advances in genomics, phenomics and bioinformatic resources have led to the deployment of several knowledge-intensive approaches to accelerate genetic gains in diverse food crops. Enhanced capability in data storage, retrieval and analysis has greatly facilitated the development of genotype-phenotype models to predict phenotypes, thus enhancing selection efficiency. Genomic-aided breeding has been successful in enhancing genetic gain relative to pedigree-based phenotypic selection. Genes controlling "recombination hotspots" and targeted recombination may provide breeders opportunity to significantly increase genetic gains. Combining genomic selection with doubled haploid technology, speed breeding and high-throughput phenomics with genotype-by-sequencing profiling allows the fast transfer of increased genetic gains per unit time. An open source software system has the potential to increase breeding efficiency through data and code sharing, while open source seed systems should allow for continued seed saving, breeding, and seed exchange without restriction. Taken together, these approaches should provide breeders with the opportunity to make genetic gains through new technologies and through the infusion of useful genetic variation in crop breeding.
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| 63. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Advances in Host Plant and Rhizobium Genomics to Enhance Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Grain Legumes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Agronomy. - : Elsevier. - 0065-2113 .- 2213-6789. ; 129, s. 1-116
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legumes form symbiotic relationship with root-nodule, rhizobia. The nitrogen (N2) fixed by legumes is a renewable source and of great importance to agriculture. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is constrained by multiple stresses and alleviating them would improve SNF contribution to agroecosystems. Genetic differences in adaptation tolerance to various stresses are known in both host plant and rhizobium. The discovery and use of promiscuous germplasm in soybean led to the release of high-yielding cultivars in Africa. High N2-fixing soybean cultivars are commercially grown in Australia and some countries in Africa and South America and those of pea in Russia. SNF is a complex trait, governed by multigenes with varying effects. Few major quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes underlying QTL are reported in grain and model legumes. Nodulating genes in model legumes are cloned and orthologs determined in grain legumes. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from nodulation genes are available in common bean and soybean. Genomes of chickpea, pigeonpea, and soybean; and genomes of several rhizobium species are decoded. Expression studies revealed few genes associated with SNF in model and grain legumes. Advances in host plant and rhizobium genomics are helping identify DNA markers to aid breeding of legume cultivars with high symbiotic efficiency. A paradigm shift is needed by breeding programs to simultaneously improve host plant and rhizobium to harness the strength of positive symbiotic interactions in cultivar development. Computation models based on metabolic reconstruction pathways are providing greater insights to explore genotype–phenotype relationships in SNF. Models to simulate the response of N2 fixation to a range of environmental variables and crop growth are assisting researchers to quantify SNF for efficient and sustainable agricultural production systems. Such knowledge helps identifying bottlenecks in specific legume–rhizobia systems that could be overcome by legume breeding to enhance SNF. This review discusses the recent developments to improve SNF and productivity of grain legumes.
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| 64. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Advances in Transgenic Vegetable and Fruit Breeding
- 2014
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Ingår i: Agricultural Sciences. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2156-8553 .- 2156-8561. ; 5, s. 1448-1467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vegetables and fruits are grown worldwide and play an important role in human diets because they provide vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals. Vegetables and fruits are also associated with improvement of gastrointestinal health, good vision, and reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, chronic diseases such as diabetes, and some forms of cancer. Vegetable and fruit production suffers from many biotic stresses caused by pathogens, pests, and weeds and requires high amounts of plant protection products per hectare. United States vegetables farmers are benefiting from growing transgenic squash cultivars resistant to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus , Watermelon mosaic virus , and Cucumber mosaic virus , which were deregulated and commercialized since 1996. Bt- sweet corn has also proven effective for control of some lepidopteran species and continues to be accepted in the fresh market in the USA, and Bt- fresh-market sweet corn hybrids are released almost every year. Likewise, transgenic Bt- eggplant bred to reduce pesticide use is now grown by farmers in Bangladesh. Transgenic papaya cultivars carrying the coat-protein gene provide effective protection against Papaya ring spot virus elsewhere. The transgenic “Honey Sweet” plum cultivar provides an interesting germplasm source for Plum pox virus control. Enhanced host plant resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum , which causes the devastating banana Xanthomonas wilt in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, was achieved by plant genetic engineering. There are other vegetable and fruit crops in the pipeline that have been genetically modified to enhance their host plant resistance to insects and plant pathogens, to show herbicide tolerance, and to improve features such as slow ripening that extends the shelf-life of the produce. Consumers could benefit further from eating more nutritious transgenic vegetables and fruits. Transgenic plant breeding therefore provides genetically enhanced seed embedded technology that contributes to integrated pest management in horticulture by reducing pesticide sprays as well as improving food safety by minimizing pesticide residues. Furthermore, herbicide-tolerant transgenic crops can help reducing plough in fields, thereby saving fuel because of less tractor use, which also protects the structure of the soil by reducing its erosion. Transgenic vegetable and fruit crops could make important contributions to sustainable vegetable production and for more nutritious and healthy food. Countries vary, however, in their market standards of acceptance of transgenic crops. Biotechnology products will be successful if clear advantages and safety are demonstrated to both growers and consumers
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| 65. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Agriculture, tropical (the Americas)
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Encyclopedia of Sustainability. Vol. 8 The Americas and Oceania: Assessing Sustainability. ; , s. 2-5
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 66. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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'Alisha', 'Anamaria', 'Bie', 'Bita', 'Caelan', 'Ivone', 'Lawrence', 'Margarete', and 'Victoria' Sweetpotato
- 2016
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Ingår i: HortScience. - 0018-5345. ; 51, s. 597-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 67. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Alternative Splicing Variation: Accessing and Exploiting in Crop Improvement Programs
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 24
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alternative splicing (AS) is a gene regulatory mechanism modulating gene expression in multiple ways. AS is prevalent in all eukaryotes including plants. AS generates two or more mRNAs from the precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) to regulate transcriptome complexity and proteome diversity. Advances in next-generation sequencing, omics technology, bioinformatics tools, and computational methods provide new opportunities to quantify and visualize AS-based quantitative trait variation associated with plant growth, development, reproduction, and stress tolerance. Domestication, polyploidization, and environmental perturbation may evolve novel splicing variants associated with agronomically beneficial traits. To date, pre-mRNAs from many genes are spliced into multiple transcripts that cause phenotypic variation for complex traits, both in model plant Arabidopsis and field crops. Cataloguing and exploiting such variation may provide new paths to enhance climate resilience, resource-use efficiency, productivity, and nutritional quality of staple food crops. This review provides insights into AS variation alongside a gene expression analysis to select for novel phenotypic diversity for use in breeding programs. AS contributes to heterosis, enhances plant symbiosis (mycorrhiza and rhizobium), and provides a mechanistic link between the core clock genes and diverse environmental clues.
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| 68. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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An integrated agro-ecosystem and livelihood systems approach for the poor and vulnerable in dry areas
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 5, s. 751-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than 400 million people in the developing world depend on dryland agriculture for their livelihoods. Dryland agriculture involves a complex combination of productive components: staple crops, vegetables, livestock, trees and fish interacting principally with rangeland, cultivated areas and watercourses. Managing risk and enhancing productivity through diversification and sustainable intensification is critical to securing and improving rural livelihoods. The main biophysical constraints are natural resource limitations and degradation, particularly water scarcity and encroaching desertification. Social and economic limitations, such as poor access to markets and inputs, weak governance and lack of information about alternative production technologies also limit the options available to farmers. Past efforts to address these constraints by focusing on individual components have either not been successful or are now facing a declining rate of impact, indicating the need for new integrated approaches to research for development of dryland systems. This article outlines the characteristics of such an approach, integrating agro-ecosystem and livelihoods approaches and presents a range of empirical examples of its application in dryland contexts. The authors draw attention to new insights about the design of research required to accelerate impact by integrating across disciplines and scales.
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| 69. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Anthocyanin-Rich Vegetables for Human Consumption—Focus on Potato, Sweetpotato and Tomato
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malnutrition, unhealthy diets, and lifestyle changes have become major risk factors for non-communicable diseases while adversely impacting economic growth and sustainable development. Anthocyanins, a group of flavonoids that are rich in fruits and vegetables, contribute positively to human health. This review focuses on genetic variation harnessed through crossbreeding and biotechnology-led approaches for developing anthocyanins-rich fruit and vegetable crops. Significant progress has been made in identifying genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in various crops. Thus, the use of genetics has led to the development and release of anthocyanin-rich potato and sweet potato cultivars in Europe and the USA. The purple potato 'Kufri Neelkanth' has been released for cultivation in northern India. In Europe, the anthocyanin-rich tomato cultivar 'Sun Black' developed via the introgression of Aft and atv genes has been released. The development of anthocyanin-rich food crops without any significant yield penalty has been due to the use of genetic engineering involving specific transcription factors or gene editing. Anthocyanin-rich food ingredients have the potential of being more nutritious than those devoid of anthocyanins. The inclusion of anthocyanins as a target characteristic in breeding programs can ensure the development of cultivars to meet the nutritional needs for human consumption in the developing world.
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| 70. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Application of genomics assisted breeding for generation of climate resilient crops: progress and prospects
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Increased prices of food commodities are the initial indication of drastic edible yield loss, which is expected to increase further due to global warming. This situation has compelled plant scientists to develop climate change-resilient crops,which can withstand broad-spectrums tresses such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, flood, submergence and pests, thus helping to deliver increased productivity. Genomics appears to be a promising tool for deciphering the stress responsiveness of crop species with adaptation traits or in wild relatives toward identifying underlying genes, alleles or quantitative trait loci. Molecular breeding approaches have proven helpful in enhancing the stress adaptation of crop plants, and recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and phenotyping platforms have transformed molecula rbreeding to genomics-assisted breeding (GAB). In view of this, the present review elaborates the progress and prospects of GAB for improving climate change resilience in crops, which is likely to play an ever increasing role in the effort to ensure global food security.
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